Seagipsy muThailand

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Tairendi ine akati wandei emarudzi madiki, ayo madzinza ezvikomo kuChamhembe anozivikanwa zvakanyanya. Kumaodzanyemba, seagipsy ishoma inoregeredzwa.

Ini ndinoti "seagipsy's" nechinangwa, nekuti zvinonzwika sezvakanaka kwandiri kupfuura shanduro yegungwa gypsies. Tairendi ine mapoka matatu makuru eSeagipsy's: Moken, Urak Lawai uye Mokler. Kune vaThais, vanhu ava vanozivikanwa se "Chao Lay" (vanhu vegungwa), izwi reamburera remadzinza anogara kunze kwegungwa uye ane dzinza rakabatana zvakanyanya negungwa.

Mugs

Kune boka revanhu vangangosvika zviuru zviviri kusvika ku2.000 vanogara kure nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yeThailand, Myanmar neMalaysia vakapoteredza Surin Islands (paki yenyika). Ivo vanozivikanwa seMoken, vanotaura mutauro wavo, kubva kune iyo nyanzvi dzisina kukwanisa kuona kuti Moken yakabva kupi. Ivo vanotendwa kuti vaive vekutanga vagari venzvimbo dzemahombekombe muGungwa reAndaman. Tsika dzavo dzokutama-tama dzomugungwa zvichida dzakavaunza kubva kumaodzanyemba kweChina kuenda kuMalaysia makore anopfuura 3.000 4.000 apfuura, uko mapoka akazoparadzana mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 17, asi nhoroondo chaiyoiyo yokuvapo kwavo haizivikanwi.

VaMoken vanogara vakatenderedza uye mugungwa uye zvechokwadi vabati vehove vakanaka; vanoziva gungwa rakavapoteredza zvisina mumwe. Kana munhu achida hove dzemangwanani, anopinda mugungwa nepfumo uye pasina nguva anenge abata hove. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti Moken anogona kuona zvakapetwa kaviri pasi pemvura zvichienzaniswa, semuenzaniso, vekuEurope. Vanoratidzwawo kuti vanokwanisa kunyura zvakadzika semamita makumi maviri nemashanu vasina midziyo yekudhivha.

Kutyisidzira kukuru kune tsika yavo ndeyekuti vatengesi vega uye vafungidziri vevhu vanoda kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza nzvimbo dzinogara Moken. Parizvino, "kurwisa" ikoko kwakadziviswa uye vanogona kuenderera mberi nehupenyu hwavo vasina hanya. Kunetseka hakusi hunhu hweMoken zvakadaro, hazvisi mumazwi avo.

MaMoken anonyatsoziva mafambiro uye mhepo yegungwa inoratidzwa muna Zvita 26, 2004. Chiverengero chevanhu vakura vanobva kurudzi rweMoken pachitsuwa chiri muSurin Islands Marine National Park kubva kumhenderekedzo yedunhu rePhang-Nga vanocherechedza kuti masaisai emugungwa haana kujairika uye kuti mafambiro anoitika nenzira isina kujairika. Vanosimudza aramu uye vagari vanopotera mukati mepamusoro-soro. Pavanodzoka, musha waparadzwa zvachose neLa Boon - sekudana kwaMoken kuti tsunami - iyo yaparadza nzvimbo.

Zvikepe zvavo nedzimba dziri pamatanda hazvisi chinhu kunze kwomurwi wematanda nemarara. Asi nepo Thailand ichichema vanopfuura zviuru zvishanu vakawirwa nenjodzi, nharaunda yeMoken yakaponeswa, nekuda kweruzivo rwevakuru vegungwa nezvegungwa.

VaMoken vakavakazve musha wavo, vachishandisa bamboo nemashizha se "zvivharo zvekuvaka". Kwete munzvimbo imwechete, asi zvakanyanya mukati menyika uko kwakachengeteka. Kana vaMoken vaine chinovanetsa, ndechekuti vanopotsa nharaunda yavo yechinyakare yakatenderedza gungwa kubva kumusha wavo mutsva. Kufurira kwekunze kuri kuwedzera. Zviremera zveThai zvakarambidza kuredza kwemamwe marudzi ehove, akadai sesea cucumber nemamwe magoko, zvichitadzisa Moken kuwana mari yakawanda. Vamwe vavo vakatosiya musha wokuredza kuti vashande sevaperekedzi vanodhiraivha mvura kuvashanyi kana kuti vave vanonhonga marara.

VaMoken vane hupenyu hwekugarisana. Kune marudzi akasiyana, asi munhu wese akaenzana. Mutezo wedzinza nokudaro unogona kufamba kubva kune rimwe dzinza kuenda kune rimwe pasina upenyu hwake huchiitwa hunosuruvarisa. Naizvozvo havaiti zvakanaka, nokuti mashoko akadai sa“mhoroi” uye “chisarai” haawaniki mumutauro wavo. Izwi rekuti “nguvai” harizivikanwi zvakare, nekuti vaMoken havana pfungwa yenguva kunze kwemasikati neusiku - saka havazive kukurumidza.

Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti harpooning turtle inoswedera pedyo nekutora mukadzi. Iyo turtle yegungwa inonzi inoera neMoken uye Moken pamwe anoona mukadzi semutsvene zvakare.

Panyaya yechitendero, vaMoken vanotenda mune animism - dzidziso yezvisikwa zvemidzimu. Munharaunda dzinorarama kubva kune zvakasikwa uye kuvhima, munhu anowanzoenzaniswa nezvisikwa uye naizvozvo haasi pamusoro pazvo. Kuremekedza zvisikwa nezvose zvakaipoteredza zvakakosha, tsika dzakakosha kuti urarame. Neizvi vanowana kufarirwa nemidzimu, iyo inopa chikafu, pekugara uye kubereka uye panguva imwechete inodzinga mweya yakaipa.

Mokler

MaMokler iboka revaseagipsy kana "Chao Lay" vanogashira kushomeka kwekutariswa kubva kune vezvenhau neveruzhinji. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti misha yavo iri munzvimbo dzinouya vashanyi vashoma kana kuti pasina. Iyo Urak Lawoi neMoken inotaurwa kakawanda, nekuti vanogara mukati kana pedyo nenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzevashanyi dzakadai sePhuket, Lanta uye Lipeh zvitsuwa (iyo Urak Lawai) uye Surin zvitsuwa (iyo Moken).

MaMokler anoonekwa sediki-boka re "Chao Lay" kana "Thai Mai" (New Thais), vanorarama hupenyu hwenguva dzose uye vakawanawo vagari vekuThai. Vana vaMokler vanopinda chikoro chemunharaunda uye vanowana dzidzo mumutauro weThai. Vakawanda vavo havatauri mutauro weMokler, kunyange zvazvo vachiunzwisisa pavanotaura nevabereki vavo kana kuti vanasekuru navanasekuru.

Mizhinji yemisha yeMokler inogona kuwanikwa mudunhu rePhang-Nga kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweThailand. Vakapararira mudunhu reKhuraburi, Takuapa uye Thaimuang. Vazhinji veMokler vatove varidzi vemba, nekuti misha yavo haisi munzvimbo dzemahombekombe asi mukati menyika. Kazhinji vanozviona sevarimi vekare; vanoshanda pamunda werabha kana wekokonati kana kuti vanobhadharwa sevashandi vemamwe mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Kuchine misha mishomanana yepamhenderekedzo yegungwa, uko gungwa richiri manyuko emari kuMokler.

Kunyange zvazvo vaMokler vakawanda vachirangarira chiBuddha kuva rudzidziso rwavo, zvitendero zvavo zvomweya zvichiri zvinokosha zvikuru. Gore rega rega muna Kukadzi/Kurume, vaMokler vanopemberera mabiko echibairo chemutungamiri wavo ane mukurumbira Ta Pho Sam Phan.

Urak Lawoi

Iri boka regungwa regungwa rinogara zvakatenderedza zvitsuwa nenzvimbo dzemahombekombe eGungwa reAndaman. Misha yavo inogona kuwanikwa muPhang-nga, Phuket, Krabi uye Satun.

IUrak Lawoi zvakare vane mutauro wavo uye tsika. Kazhinji, Urak Lawoi anonzi Chao Lay, Chao Nam kana Thai Mai. Ivo pachavo vanowana Chao Nam izwi rekunyomba, nekuti "Nam" rinorevawo urume mumutauro wavo. Ivo vanosarudza Thai Mai, iyo yavanoda kutaura nayo sechikamu chakakosha cheThai state.

Pane ngano nezve Urak Lawoi paAdang Island. Kare kare, Mwari akatuma Nabeeno kuchitsuwa chacho kuti akurudzire vagari vemo kunamata Mwari. Madzitateguru Urak Lawoi akaramba, pashure Mwari akaisa chituko pamusoro pavo. Urak Lawoi akabva aenda kuGunung Jerai, uko vamwe vanotizira musango vochinja kuva mhandu, tsoko uye tsindi. Vamwe vakaenda kugungwa savafambi vari mugwa rainzi Jukoki. Gunung Jerai inoramba iri nzvimbo inoera yeUrak Lawoi uye kaviri pagore mhemberero inoitwa, pakupera kwayo chikepe chakashongedzwa chinotangwa, icho - Urak Lawoi anofungidzira - anotungamira kune yekutanga kugara pedyo neGunung Jerai.

Iyo Urak Lawoi inoumba nharaunda diki chete, iyo inonyanya hukama kune mumwe nemumwe. Vanowanzogara mudzimba duku dzomushenjere dzakavakwa pamatanda, pamberi pawo nguva dzose dzakatarisana negungwa. Dzimba dzinowanzovakwa netsigiro yemhuri nevavakidzani.

Hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hweUrak Lawoi huri nyore. Mangwanani varume vanoenda kunoraura, vakadzi vachiita mabasa epamba vachimirira kuti varume vavo vadzoke masikati. Hove dzakabatwa ndedzekushandisa mhuri yake pachake uye/kana kuti hama, nepo imwe yacho inotengeswa kuvashambadzi. Masikati vakadzi vanozorora varume vachidzorera nhumbi dzavo dzokuraura.

Hupenyu hunochinja, nekuti nekubata hove havatombosvika padanho rekudya, zvekuti varume vazhinji vanoshanda kumwe kuti vawane muhoro wakanaka.

Kunze kwezvokudya zvegungwa, mupunga ndicho chikafu chikuru cheUrak Lawoi. Vanodya zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuSouth Thai ndiro, umo kokonati chinhu chakakosha chekudya. Iyo Urak Lawoi inowanzodya kana vaine nzara, saka hapana chakatarwa chikafu pane imwe nguva.

Kare kare, vaUrak Lawoi vaidavira kuti midzimu yakaipa ndiyo yaikonzera kurwara. Vaiva nachiremba wepanzvimbo (kureva), uyo akarwisa hosha yacho nokutaura kana kushandisa mvura tsvene. A "maw" isvikiro remunhu rinotaurirana pakati peUrak Lawoi nemidzimu. “Maw” anosarudzwa kubva kune mukuru wedzinza, uyo anodzidzisawo vana mukurapa kwegamuchidzanwa kwomudzimu. Nhasi vanoshandisa vanachiremba nezvipatara.

Nzira yehupenyu yeUrak Lawoi iri kubatanidza zvishoma nezvishoma mumutauro weThai. Ivo havachagone kuzviita vakazvimiririra uye saka vari kuwedzera kuvimba nevamwe (Thai) pabasa nemari.