Khun Chang Khun Phaen, ngano yeThailand ine mukurumbira - chikamu 1

Epic yeThailand inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye inotyisa yerudo katatu pakati paKhun Chang, Khun Phaen uye yakanaka Wanthong. Nyaya yacho ingangodaro yakatanga kusvika kuma17^de zana remakore uye pakutanga yaive rondedzero yemuromo izere nemutambo, njodzi, bonde, mutambo uye mashura.

Nekufamba kwenguva yave ichigara ichigadziridzwa uye nekuwedzerwa, ichiramba ichizivikanwa uye inonakidza epic inoitwa nevanofamba nyaya uye troubadours. Paive padare reSiamese pakupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe apo nyaya yacho yakatanga kunyorwa mukunyora. Izvi zvakagadzira yakamisikidzwa, yakacheneswa-up yenyaya iyi ine mukurumbira. Chris Baker naPashuk Phongpaichit vakashandura uye vakagadzirisa nyaya iyi kune vateereri vaitaura Chirungu uye vakaburitsa 'The Tale of Khung Chang, Khun Phaen'.

Ichi chinyorwa cheChirungu chakazara chinodiwa kuverenga kune chero munhu anofarira zvinyorwa zveThai. Kusuma muverengi wechiDutch kune epic iyi, ndanyora vhezheni yakapfupikiswa yenyaya. Funga nezvayo serudzi rwesumo kumutsara wenyaya. Nekuda kwekudikanwa, ese marudzi ezviratidziro uye ruzivo rwakasiiwa, ini dzimwe nguva ndinosvetuka nekukurumidza mumutsara wenyaya. Ini ndinonyanya kutarisa nezvehukama uye nhaurirano dzevanonyanya kukosha mavara. Kunyatsokoshesa nyaya yacho, kuti inakidzwe chaizvo, ndinokurudzira kuti uverenge bhuku racho iwe pachako. Izvi zvinowanikwa mune yakakura edition, izere nemifananidzo uye zvinyorwa zvepasi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinopa imwe tsananguro kunyaya uye mamiriro. Avo vanosarudza kungoverenga nyaya yacho pachayo vanozove nemukana neyakapfupikiswa 'yakapfupikiswa' edition yeiyi classical.

• The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen: Siam's Great Folk Epic yeRudo neHondo, Yakashandurwa nekupepetwa naChris Baker naPasuk Phongpaichit, Silkworm Books, ISBN: 9786162150524.
• The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen Abridged Version, ISBN: 9786162150845.

Vatambi vakuru:

Mwongo wenyaya unotenderera nevatambi vanotevera:

• Khun Chang (ขุนช้าง, khǒen Chaang): Mupfumi asi akashata uye akaipa.
• Phlai Kaeo (พลายแก้ว, Phlaai Khêw), gare gare Khun Phaen (ขุนแผน, khǒen Phěn): gamba asiwo mukadzi chaiye.
• Phim Philalai (พิมพิลาไลย, Phim Phí-laa-lij), gare gare Wanthong (วัทอง, Wan-thong): mukadzi ane simba uye akanaka uyo varume vese vanowira murudo naye.

Cherechedza: 'khun' (ขุน, khǒen) apa ine chekuita neiyo yakaderera chinzvimbo mune yekare Siamese system yemazita epamutemo. Kwete kuvhiringika neanozivikanwa 'khun' (คุณ, khoen), zvinongoreva changamire/madam.

Phlai Kaeo muimba yemamongi

Iyi inyaya yaPhlai Kaeo, Khun Chang¹ uye yakanaka Phim muumambo hweAyuttaya. Chang akabva kumhuri yakapfuma asi ane nhamo yekuve mwana akashata zvakanyanya. Aive ane mhanza zvakanyanya kubva azvarwa uye izvi zvave kushungurudza vamwe vana vemumusha uyu. Phlai Kaeo naPhim ndivo chete muSuphan kutamba naChang. Dzimwe nguva vaikakavadzana, semuenzaniso apo vatatu vakatamba amai nababa uye Kaeo akarova shamwari yake Chang pamusoro pemhanza yake.

Makore mashoma gare gare, Phlai Kaeo akafirwa nababa vake uye aifanira kusiya musha weSuphan naamai vake. Nzira dzevatatu hadzina kuyambuka zvakare kusvikira Kaeo asvitsa makore gumi nemashanu. Akapinda mutemberi semutsva, achitarisira kutevera tsoka dzababa vake mushakabvu, murwi ane simba uye akadzidza. Abbot akamutora pasi pebapiro rake semudzidzi uye novice Kaeo akadzidza kuita zvemashiripiti mantras uye kufanotaura ramangwana.

Pashure pemwedzi yakawanda yekugara mutemberi, mutambo weSongkran wakanga wava kusvika. Pazuva rinokosha ranga riri apo Phim, akapfeka zvakaisvonaka zuva rake, akauya kuzopa mupiro kumamongi etembere. Achin'un'una pamabvi ake, zvakaitika kuti aona mutsva Kaeo mukona yeziso rake. Kubva pavakasanganidzana maziso avo moyo wake wainge wabvira moto. Asi aiziva kuti semunhukadzi aisabvumirwa kuratidza manzwiro ake munzira ipi neipi. Izvozvo zvaizongoguma nokusabvumira makuhwa uye makuhwa. Akanga asiri mudiki Phim chete asiwo novice Kaeo akakurirwa nerudo rukuru.

Phlai Kaeo anosangana naPhim mumunda wedonje

Mangwanani-ngwanani, panguva yekukumbira rubatsiro, mudzidzi akashanyira imba yaPhim ndokutaura naSaithong², hanzvadzi yaPhim yokurera. "Uya kuminda yedonje mangwana masikati, Phim nesu vashandi tichange tiripo," akadaro Saithong. Novice Kaeo akanyemwerera ndokupindura, "Kana minda yedonje yabudirira ndichakupa mubayiro." Masikati omusangano wacho, mudzidzi wacho akatiza nembatya dzevanhuwo zvavo muhapwa. Akataura kuna Monk Mi, "Ndave kuenda ikozvino, ndibvumire kusiya tsika yangu uye ndipindezve pandinodzoka." Monk Mi akabvuma kuti, “Zvakanaka, asi ndapota uuye nebetel nut nefodya paunodzoka.” Ari mukufara kukuru, Kaeo akaenda kuminda yedonje. Ikoko akawana Phim ari ega kuseri kwechikwenzi chedonje ndokuratidza rudo rwake nemashoko anotapira. Zvisinei, Phim akamupopotera achiti: “Shanyira amai vangu uvakumbire ruoko rwangu, kana vakabvuma ndichafara kukuita murume wangu. Asi madzingirire aunoita pfumvu yako pano anondityisa. Vanhu vachaita makuhwa vaona tiri vaviri pano tiri vaviri kudai. Uyai mundikumbire ruoko rwangu nenzira yakarurama. Uri kukurumidza kuita sekunge une nzara zvokuti unotodya sadza risina kubikwa.” Novice Kaeo akatadza kuzvidzora ndokuedza kudhonza hembe dzaPhim, asi akaibata zvine simba ndokumusandudzira kure, “Nhai iwe haunzwe. Kuita rudo neni pachena muno muminda kungotaura chete. Iwe haungandide zvakadaro, tevera nzira kwayo uye ipapo ini ndichashaya chekupikisa. Handingope muviri wangu chete. Ziva zvakafanira, enda kumba Kaeo”. Akamutsvoda zvinyoronyoro ndokuyemura chiso chake “Wakanaka chose. Ganda rako rakanaka uye rakapfava. Meso ako anopenya. Ndokumbira ndikufarire zvishoma mudiwa wangu. Ndinokuvimbisa izvi, ndichakushanyira manheru ano."

Manheru iwayo Phim akarara akasvinura kwemaawa akawanda achigomera, “Oh Kaeo, mboni yeziso rangu, watondikanganwa here? Unonditsamwira ndosaka uchindisiya ndega? Kwadoka, haupo uye moyo wangu unonzwa usina chinhu. Phim paakarara achifunga kudaro akabva abatwa nehope. Kwainge kwadoka Kaeo akazosvika kumba kwaPhim. Akashandisa mantra kukwezva vagari vemo kuti varare uye kusunungura kiyi pamasuo. Akapinda ndokunanga kuroom kwaPhim. Akamutsvoda akarara zvigunwe zvake zvichitsvedzerera pamazamu ake akasimba, akatenderera, “Muka mudiwa wangu.” Phim akatanga achiratidza kunetseka, asi akamumbundira ndokutaura naye mashoko okubata kumeso. Akabva amusaidzira papiro ndokumutsimbirira chiso chake. Akamuzevezera. Makore akaungana kudenga, kumusoro, kusvikira kumuromo akazara nemvura, mhepo ikamutswa. Mvura yekutanga payakatanga hapana kumira. Phim aive musoro pamusoro perudo uye saka vakarara vese pamubhedha. Akamumbundira neshungu. Hapana kana mumwe wavo ainzwa kuda kurara. Mambakwedza akataura kwaari, "Haa mudiwa wangu Phim, zvinosuruvarisa kuti ndinofanira kuenda, asi zvirokwazvo ndichadzoka manheru ano."

Khun Chang anokumbira ruoko rwaPhim

Zvino ngatitaure nezve Khun Chang. Aipenga Phim. Akanga ari mupfungwa dzake zuva nezuva. Akataura naamai vake nezvekuda kwake, "Amai vanodikanwa, Phim anonditeterera kuti ndimuroore, takagara tichidanana kwenguva refu." Amai havana kuzvibvuma: “Wakangoita somwana wechikoro anonyepa. Phim ari kuroya semwedzi, iwe wakafanana nekamba iri muuswa inoshuva denga rine nyeredzi. Unofunga kuti ungamutora here mwana wangu? Une matani emari, wadii kuishandisa kuwana musikana akanaka? Phim haakudi. Muchiri vana vaikutsvinyira pamusoro pemhanza yako. Mutauro wake hautsungiririki, handikwanise kuzvimirira.” Khun Chang akapindura, "Kana tiri murume nemukadzi, rudo uye kutya zvinomutadzisa kutaura neni nenzira iyoyo." Akatsikitsira patsoka dzaamai vake ndokuisa tsoka yake pamusoro pemhanza yake achibva atanga kuchema. “Uri kufungei nemusoro usina vhudzi kudaro? Handioni kuti kana munhu mumwe chete angakufambira sei. Phim akanaka kunge Kinnari³, ko ivo vavakidzani vaizoti kudii kana aizorara nenguruve yakashata sewe? Enda nemisodzi yegarwe iya yako iyi."

Kuratidzira

Khun Chang akabva ashanyira amai vaPhim. Akatsikitsira patsoka dzake ndokuti “Pamusoroi mhai, ndapererwa. I am very rich and handizivi kwandingazvichengeta zvakachengetedzeka, ndiri kubirwa kuruboshwe nekurudyi. Ndiri kutsvaga mamwe maziso ekutarisa hupfumi hwangu. Zuva nezuva ndinofunga nezvaPhim. Kana wabvuma ndichakumbira vabereki vangu kuti vataure newe. Ndichapa mombe, minda yemupunga, mari, mbatya nezvimwe.” Phim akateerera naSaithong muchivande kubva mukamuri raiva padyo. "Maswera sei!" Akavhura hwindo ndokunyepedzera kushevedza mushandi kuti: “Ta-Phon! Uri kuitei manje? Uya pano, iwe wemhanza yakaipa, ine mvere! Hauteerere zvandinoda here?" Khun Chang akanzwa izvi uye akanzwa kunyadziswa. Akakurumidza kubva.

Phim akanzwa kupererwa. Mushure mehusiku hwavo hwekutanga vari pamwe chete, akange asina kunzwa kubva kunaPhlai Kaeo kwemazuva. Akatuma Saithong kuti aongorore. Saithong akakwira muchivande muKuti hut maigara novice Kaeo. Kaeo nerudo akamuudza kuti aishuva kushamwaridzana asi kuti abbot akanga amuita kuti adzidze uye ashande nesimba kwemazuva, saka akanga asina mukana wekushanyira Phim. Asi akanga achizoita zvakanakisisa zvake, chaizvoizvo!

Phlai Kaeo anopinda mukamuri raSaithong

Kudzoka kubva kushanya kumba kwaPhim, Khun Chang akashungurudzika kwemazuva. Aitadza kudya kana kurara. Akaita chisarudzo, “Ndingave ndakashata seusiku, asi nepfuma yangu amai vaPhim vachabvuma roorano.” Akapfeka nguo dzake dzakanakisisa, akazvishongedza nezvishongo zvegoridhe, uye akaita kuti varanda vakawanda vamutevere kumba kwaFimu. Akagamuchirwa noushamwari, “Chii chaunza kwauri kuno, taura wakasununguka sokunge uri kumba.” "Khun Chang akabata nguva uye akazivisa kuti aida kuita Phim mukadzi wake. Amai vakateerera vachinyemwerera uye vakafarira pfungwa yemukuwasha akapfuma. “Phim, Phim, uripi? Huya undokwazisa muenzi wedu." Asi Phim haana chaaida kunzwa akabva anyepedzera kupopotera muranda achiti, “Iwe wakazvarwa pachinzvimbo chembwa, enda kugehena! Ndiani anokuda manje? Kusvirwa, iwe mango inonanzva imbwa yemumugwagwa! Unongofunga nezvako chete."

Amai vakashatirwa ndokumhanyira Phim, “Iwe nemuromo wako wakasviba, haungadaro!”. Akarova Phim zvakanaka kusvika musana waPhim watsvuka neropa uye chiso chaive mapopoma emisodzi. Phim akatiza achichema. Pamwe chete naSaithong, akatiza mumba ndokuenda kutemberi. Achiona tsvarakadenga Kaeo, nyemwerero yakauya pachiso chake zvakare, “Oh Kaeo, wataura mashoko ose akanaka kusvika zvino, wanga uchikumbira ruoko rwangu asi ndakamirira. Uye zvino Khun Chang akumbira ruoko rwangu nemvumo yaamai. Ndakamupikisa asi haana tsitsi ndokundirova netsvimbo. Iwe unoti kudii nazvo? Reurura kana ukasadaro ndichakutuka!" Novice Kaeo akaona makore matema ndokuedza kumunyaradza. "Iyo yakatukwa Khun Chang iri kukonzera marudzi ese ematambudziko mudiwa wangu. Zvakadaro, amai vangu havadi kuti ndisiye tsika yangu ndiende pamudyandigere, tiri varombo uye hatina kana mari yekutanga. Mwoyo wangu ndewenyu asi handizivi zvekuita.” Phim akabva aridza pfuti achiti, “Ko sei uchinonoka kudaro? Sei usingakwanisi kuwana mari? Haundidi here? Ah karma yangu! Ndakazvarirwawo mukadzi sei?! Ndawira pasi pamashoko enyu akanaka zvino ndinotya kuti mungandiwisira pasi sedombo. Huya kumba kwangu manheru ndikupe mari inokwana. Uye zvino inofanira kunge iri magumo nemashoko ako akanaka iwayo. Buda uuye kuzondiona manheru ano wanzwa? Hapasisina kunonoka." Akadaro achisimuka ndokuenda naSaithong.

Manheru iwayo Phim anomirira Phlai Kaeo wake, asi pakati peusiku pakanga pasina chiratidzo chake. Saithong akabuda kuti aone kana aive padhuze. Nenguva isipi akabva asangana naye ndokusimudza jira rake kuti apinde mumba asina kuoneka. Akahwanda seizvi pasi pembatya dzake, akanyepedzera kumubata zamu netsaona. Haana kudaira akabva aibata neruoko rwake. Saithong akamusundidzira kure achibva aridza tsamwa, “Hey, waita sei! Iri zamu Phlai Kaeo, zvauri kuita hazvina kuchena! Heyo kamuri yake. Handidi kuonekwa ndakadai." Saithong akadududza achiratidza kushatirwa.

Phlai Kaeo haana kutambisa maseconds akabva atopinda muroom maPhim. Akatotadza kuzvidzora ndokumupuruzira zvinyoro nyoro. Akamutsvoda kuruboshwe nekurudyi ndokumumbundira zvakasimba. Mwoyo yavo yakarova zvikuru. Shungu dzakakwira, nyonga nyonga yakaswedera. Mugungwa mhepo yakamutsa masaisai ndokuarovera pamahombekombe. Kungodzokera chete nekurovera pamahombekombe zvakare. Zvakare uye zvakare. Ngarava yakapinda mumugero mutete. Mhepo yakabvunda, mvura ikatsemuka. Kaputeni akatadza kuzvidzora uye ngarava yake yakatsemuka pachiteshi.

Mushure merudo rwavo, vaviri vanorara vakabatana. "Ndotarisa horoscope yako here mudiwa?". “Ndakazvarwa mugore regonzo, gore rino ndine makore gumi nematanhatu uye ndichangotumbuka. "Anenge makore maviri mudiki kuna Phim wangu. Uye Saitong? Igore ripi?" Iye anobva pagore rebhiza, makumi maviri nemaviri kana zvese zvichifamba zvakanaka. Asi sei uchibvunza izvozvo? Unomuda here uye unoda kumuroora here?" “Nhai Phim, unogaroti kudii nezvinhu zvisinganzwisisike izvozvo? Kwete, usanditsvinyira." Akadaro achibva amumbundira achibva abatwa nehope. Paakaona kuti Phim akanga abatwa nehope, pfungwa dzake dzakabva dzaenda kuna Saithong, “Haasati akura kudaro uye anofanira kunge aripo. Mazamu ake akasimba zvinoshamisa. Ndichamushanyirawo nyangwe asingade haatomboda kuridza mhere nekuti akandipinza muno." Akaverevedza mukamuri maSaithong ndokufemera pamusoro pake zvigunwe zvake zvichitsvedzerera pamuviri wake kuti amumutse. Saithong akavhura maziso ake ndokuona Phlai Kaeo. Mwoyo wake waishuwira kushamwaridzana. “Uri murume akanaka Kaeo, asi izvi hazvina kufanira. Phim achatibata munguva pfupi! Ibva pano". Phlai Kaeo akaswedera pedyo uye achinyemwerera akataura imwe mantra kuti amutse ruchiva. “Tsitsi Saithong. Kana usina kunaka ndinozvisungirira pave paya, chimbomira uone.” “Unopenga here zvekuda kuzviuraya? Hazvisi nyore kuberekwa semurume!” “Wakangofanana naPhim, asi wati kurei. Chokwadi une ruzivo rwakawanda uye unyanzvi.” Uye nemashoko iwayo akamutsvoda uye akamutsikirira muviri wake kwaari, "usarambe." Saithong akapindura achiti, “Unogona kugara asi uchenjere neni. Ndirikutyira kuti uchandiita loverboy and, after uping with me, unongondikanda padivi. Asi kana uchindida zvechokwadi unogona kuita chero chaunoda neni.” Akasvika pedyo. Madonhwe emvura akaburuka. Mheni yakapenya, mabhanan'ana, mhepo yakarira. Kuita rudo naPhim kwaiita sekufamba nechikepe padziva rakadzikama, asi naSaithong zvaiita sekurohwa nedutu rine simba. Ngarava yakabva yanyura pasi.

Phim akavhura maziso ake asi hapana chairatidza kuti aive Phlai Kaeo. “Mudiwa wangu aendepi? Pamwe Saithong anoziva. Paakasvika mubedroom maSaithong Phim akanzwa vaviri ava vachitaurirana. Paakanga asisagoni kutsungirira akabva arova gonhi nembama. Saithong akasvetuka kubva pamubhedha, “Kaeo akandigadzira! Handina kukwanisa kumumisa. handina kurova kuti ndisakupinza mudambudziko." Phim akataura achinyomba: “Tsss, waita hako nekuva nemoyo wakanaka kudai. Une mutsa uye unofunga. Yakatwasuka sehupu. Iwe uri mukuru, uri chaizvo. Isu tisu takanganisa…”. Akabva atendeukira kunaPhlai Kaeo. “Unofunga kuti iri ipfungwa yakanaka here?! Iye mukuru kwauri uye akandichengeta kubva ndichiri mudiki. Asi iwe hauna basa nazvo. Iwe tora zvaunogona kuwana. Ridiculous. Waita setsoko yavhundutswa. Chinhu chakanaka kuti ndauya manje dai mamuroverera papfumo renyu zvakare.

“Aa Phim, handizvo zvazvinoita. Ndinokuda asi ndinotyira kuti mai vako havazobvuma kana ndikakumbira ruoko rwako mangwana. Ndinotya kuti achakupa mwana akaipa iyeye. Semwanasikana haungarambe izvozvo. Uchawira munhamo.” Phim akavhura chest ndokumupa bhegi raive nezvidimbu zvishanu zvegoridhe. "Hona, tora izvi kwandiri, mukadzi wako." Phlai Kaeo akatora mari ndokuzevezera munzeve dzake achiti, “Ndinofanira kuenda manje, zuva ratobuda, uzvichengete, mushure memazuva manomwe ndichadzoka kuzokumbira amai vako ruoko rwako muwanano. Nemashoko iwayo akaburutsa nepahwindo.

Zvichaenderera mberi…

¹ Phlai Kaeo kana 'akashinga nzou yechirume', Chang kana 'nzou'.

² Saithong, (สายทอง, sǎai-thong) kana 'Golden Thread'. Saithong mwana akarerwa uye hukama hwake naPhim pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pehanzvadzi nemuranda.

³ Kinnari kana Kinnaree, (กินรี, kin-ná-rie), zvisikwa zvengano zvine muviri wepamusoro wemunhu uye wepasi muviri weshiri. Zvizhinji vasikana vakanaka vekudenga.

⁴ Mushure mekunge murume nemukadzi vagara pamubhedha, vainzi vakaroorana. Nechiitiko ichi, Saithong ave murongo waPhlai Kaeo.