Ongororo yebhuku: Bencharong Chinese porcelain yeSiam

Iri bhuku rinotaridzika zvakanaka rakabudiswa makore maviri apfuura neRwizi Books muBangkok Bencharong - Chinese Porcelain yeSiam. Iri bhuku rakatsikiswa zvine mutsindo nezvechigadzirwa cheumbozha uye chakasarudzika. Munyori weAmerica Dawn Fairley Rooney, anogara muBangkok, akanga asati agadzirira izvi. Akatodhinda mabhuku mapfumbamwe, mana acho ari eSoutheast Asia ceramics.

Nezve kwakabva izvi porcelain hapana chinhu chinozikanwa nechokwadi. Zvinoita sekuti matangiro ekutanga eaizozivikanwa seBencharong porcelain anowanikwa muChina munguva yekutonga kwenguva pfupi kwechishanu Ming mambo Xuande (1425-1435). Chimwe chezvinhu zvishoma zvakasimbiswa munhoroondo ndechekuti yakatanga mudunhu reZheijang kuEast China Sea uye yakave yakakurumbira pasi pekutonga kwaMambo Chenghua (1464-1487). Ngano ine kuti mwanasikana wamambo weChinese akaroorwa namambo weSiamese uye nekudaro akaunza iyi yakacheneswa porcelain kudare reSiamese muAyutthaya. Zvichida Bencharong akasumwa kekutanga Ayutthaya yakashandiswa padare rePrasat Thong (1629-1656). Iyo inenge yekareidoscopic yakasiyana-siyana yemavara uye folkloric-yechitendero motifs yakaita Bencharong mukurumbira zvikuru uye hazvina kutora nguva yakareba mitemo mikuru isati yaiswa muChina.

Pakutanga yakaramba iri chigadzirwa chakagadzirirwa machinda eSiamese chete, asi kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe yakaonekwawo mudzimba dzevanoremekedzwa vedare repamusoro, vatungamiriri vanotungamira uye nekukurumidza kuwana simba revatengesi veSino-Siamese. Chero zvazvingave, pane zvakare zviratidzo zvekuti Bencharong porcelain yakagadzirwa muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe - mune mashoma editions - kuti ishandiswe mumatare ehumambo eLaos neCambodia. Bencharong porcelain yaive nezvakawanda zvekushandisa, kubva pakudya kwakanatswa pamatafura ehumambo kusvika kumidziyo yekushongedza yemutemberi uye kunwa tii kwakaomarara kusvika kumapfira, matemba evanotsenga betel.

Zita rokuti Bencharong rinotorwa kubva kuSanskrit uye musanganiswa wemashoko Pancha (vashanu) uye ranga (to color). Asi nhamba yemavara pane iyi porcelain yaisafanira kunge iri mashanu uye aigona kusvika masere. Chete chakachena cheChinese porcelain chakashandiswa sehwaro, bone china, iyo yakabikwa kwemaawa pane imwe nguva tembiricha iri pakati pe1150 ne1280 °. Zvishongedzo zvekushongedza - kazhinji geometric kana kufemerwa nemaruva - zvakabva zvashandiswa nemaoko mumavara emaminerari uye kupiswa zvakare neboka reruvara pakudziya pakati pe750 ne850 °, chirongwa chinogona kutora kusvika maawa gumi. Iyi tembiricha yakaderera yaive yakakosha kudzivirira iyo yakaiswa enamel kubva pakupisa ... An in Siam Musiyano wakakurumbira waive Lai Nam Thong porcelain, zvichireva kuti 'yakagezwa negoridhe', uko mavara ane mavara akasimbiswa nekushandiswa kwegoridhe. Ruzivo rwaidiwa pakugadzirwa kwakasimba kweiyi porcelain yakacheneswa yaiganhurirwa kunharaunda shoma shoma dzevashandi munzvimbo yeCanton uye yaipfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa, ichichengetedza hunhu hwayo chete.

Iko kushandiswa kwemavara uye enameling kazhinji kwaiitika mumoto weSouth Chinese Canton, asi pane humbowo hwekuti izvi zvaiitikawo apo neapo muBangkok. Ichokwadi kuti muna 1880 Prince Bovornvichaichan aiva nehovhoni yakavakwa muBovorn Sathanmongkoi Palace umo Lai Nam Thong yakagadzirwa. Akadaidza porcelain chena kubva kuChina iyo yaive yakashongedzwa uye yakapendwa muBangkok ine yechinyakare Thai motifs. Nechinangwa ichi, mhizha dzeChinese dzakaunzwa kuguta guru reThai. Makore mashoma gare gare, Phraya Suthonphimol aive nehuni yakavakirwa kupenya Bencharong.

Kunyatso kufambidzana neBencharong porcelain ibasa rakaoma. Kashoma chero akakodzera dataable zvinyorwa zvinosara kubva panguva yekutanga, iyo ingangoenderana nezana ramakore rapfuura nehafu yenguva yeAyutthaya. Sekuziva kwangu, hapana bhuku rinotsigirwa nesainzi rakambodhirowewa, izvo zvaisaita kuti kufambidzana kuve nyore. Zvidimbu zvinonyanya kunakidza zvinogona kunge zviri pakati pechikamu chekupedzisira chegumi nemasere uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Yakasarudzika hunhu uye saka ikozvino yakanyanya kutsvakwa, ndiyo porcelain yakagadzirwa panguva yekutonga kweRama II (1809-1824).

Nekudonha kwehumambo hwehumambo muChina uye nekukurumidzira kukurumbira kweWestern dinner sets, kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi kweiyi porcelain kwakapera nguva pfupi mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Zvigadzirwa zvakaita seBencharong izvo zvaunowana nhasi mumashopu makuru ndeemazuva ano replicas, ayo, kunyangwe akagadzirwa zvakanaka, haakwanise kuenzaniswa neyekutanga.

Kunyangwe Bencharong inogona kunge iri munhoroondo yakafararira kugadzirwa kwehumbozha yekuChina kunze kwenyika porcelain nevhu kunyanya kumusika weEurope, sekuenzanisira kunoita munyori neverve, hazvirambike kuti ndeyeSiamese kana Thai muchimiro uye dhizaini mutauro. Mifananidzo yakawanda, yakanaka kwazvo iri mubhuku, mizhinji yacho isati yambodhindwa, haingoratidzi hunyanzvi uye runako rwechigadzirwa ichi, asi zvakare inopupurira muchato uyu wakakwana pakati pemazana emakore ekare hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwevagadziri veChinese porcelain. uye Thai aesthetics. Kune ani zvake anoda kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro peichi chimedu chinonakidza cheChinese-Siamese porcelain nhoroondo, bhuku rino rakanaka uye, pamusoro pezvose, sumo ine hwaro hwakasimba.

Bencharong: Chinese porcelain yeSiam inoburitswa neRwizi Books muBangkok uye ine 219 mapeji.

ISBN: 978-6167339689