Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, muzivi mukuru wechiBuddha

Buddhadasa Bikkhu anoonekwa semuzivi ane pesvedzero wechiBuddha muThailand uye kure. Dudziro yake yeBuddhism yenguva yazvino yakafadza vanhu vazhinji muThailand, kunyangwe vazhinji vevateveri vake vari pakati peboka repakati. Pazasi ini ndichakurukura mazano ake matsva uye matsva.

Kuora mwoyo kwakadzama

Buddhadasa Bhikkhu (Thai: พุทธทาส ภิกขุ phóetáthâat 'Muranda waBuddha' uye phíkkhòe 'monk') akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 27, 1906 muRumriang, baba vake vekuChina, Musha weChani, muChani, muChani chizvarwa cheChani. amai, muThai, vaiva nechitoro.

Mushure mokunge apinda chikoro chetemberi kwemakore mashomanana, akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake pachikoro chehurumende muChaiya. Muna 1922 baba vake vakafa uye akatora chitoro kwechinguva, kuti abhadharirewo dzidzo yemunin’ina wake akadzidza pachikoro chakakurumbira cheSuan Kulap muBangkok.

Muna 1926 Buddhadasa akatangwa semumongi uye aisazombosiya hurongwa hwemongi, Sangha. Kubva 1930 kusvika 1932 akapedza nguva ari payunivhesiti yechiBhudha muBangkok kwaakasangana naNarit Phasit (akagovana kutsoropodza kwaNarit kwekugadzwa kwechiBhudha, asi akamuona seane utsinye) naPridi Phanomyong. Nzira iyo chiBuddha chakadzidzwa, chakadzidziswa uye chakaitwa muBangkok chakanga chiri kuodzwa mwoyo kukuru kwaari.

Bush monk

Muna Chivabvu 1932, mwedzi pamberi pechimurenga chakashandura humambo hwakakwana kuita humambo hwebumbiro, akadzokera kuChaiya kwaakapedza makore maviri ari ega achidzidza nekufungisisa musango semumongi wesango. Gare gare mamwe mamongi akamukumbanira.

Buddhadasa akapa temberi, iyo yakavambwa muna 1943 pane imwe nzvimbo makiromita manomwe kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChaiya, zita rekuti Suan Mokkhaphalaram, rinowanzonzi Suan Mokh (rinodudzwa: sǒean môok): 'Bindu reRusununguko'. Ikoko aizogara kusvikira afa musi waMay 25, 1992.

Makore ose iwayo mutemberi akapedza kudzidza, kunyora uye kuparidza, achibatsirwa nomunun’una wake Dhammadasa (“Muranda weDhama, Dzidziso”). Pfungwa dzake dzakapararira muThailand yose nemarudzi ose emagazini, mabhuku nemasangano. Pane bhuku raainaro pakaunda muchitoro chemabhuku ese. Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva zita rake nemamwe mazano ake.

Temberi yeSuan Mokh inoshanyirwa nemakumi ezviuru zvevanhu gore rega rega, kusanganisira vazhinji vekune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya kumakosi emishonga. Buddhadasa akambotaura chirevo kubva kune vakawanda vafambi vemazuva: 'Ini ndinofunga vanhu vese avo vanonyanya kuuya pano kuzomira kwehutsanana…'.

Kuvenga tsika yeBuddhist uye chiremera

Makore aBuddhadasa ekufunda muBangkok akamusiya aine kuvenga tsika yechiBuddha kwoupenyu hwose uye kunyanya chiremera. Akawana temberi dzakasviba uye dzakazara, mamongi ainyanya kufunga nezvechinzvimbo, hupfumi, mukurumbira uye hupenyu huri nyore. Veruzhinji vaiita tsika, asi vaive nekunzwisisa kushoma kweBuddhism. Zviremera zvaiitira hanya zvikuru muitiro wechiBuddha, uye zvikurukuru humongi, kupfuura nedzidziso yacho. Kurangarirwa pamusoro penheyo dzechiBuddha nebasa renjere kwakaregeredzwa, kunyange pakati pavafundisi.

Kwenguva refu, hondo yakapisa pamusoro peiyo chaiyo ruvara rwetsika yemamongi, yakajeka orenji kana somber tsvuku-ruvara, uye mubvunzo wekuti tsika yacho inofanira kuvhara ese kana pfudzi rekuruboshwe. Vanhuwo zvavo vainyanya kufunga nezvetsika, zvipo, kuwana hunhu uye zvichingodaro, uye kwete nehwaro hwechiBuddhism, mafungiro aikurudzirwa nemamongi.

Buddhadasa akacherekedza kuti fundo yeBuddhism yakanga iri zvikurukuru pamusoro petsinhiro dzakanyorwa mazana amakore mazhinji pashure paBuddha uye kwete pamusoro peizvo Buddha amene. Aida kudzokera kuzvinyorwa zvepakutanga.

Kupindirana kweBuddhism nehurumende kwaivewo munzwa padivi pake. Aive kunyanya Mambo Rama VI akasimbisa kubatana kweBuddhism, monarchy uye nyika, Thai Utatu. Mumwe haagoni kuita pasina mumwe.

Vatungamiri vese veThai kubva ipapo vakatsigira chinzvimbo ichi. Munhu anoramba kutenda kwake kana kunzi munyengeri muvengi wehurumende, uye mukufunga kwemaXNUMX nemaXNUMX, “communist”. Saka hazvifanire kushamisa kuti Buddhadasa akabva apomerwa mhosva yekuve 'communist' nevamwe vanochengetedza munharaunda yeThai.

Nguva yokutanga yandakanyorera vhiza reroorano muChiang Khong, ndakabvunzwa nezve‘sàatsànǎa yangu, rudzidziso’. Ndakati 'phóet, muBhudha.' Mukuru weimmigration akarega kutaipa, akagara pasi ndokuti, “Haugone. Hausi muThai.'

Phasǎa khon nephasǎa tham, mutauro wevanhu nemutauro wemweya

Magwaro mazhinji uye zvirevo muzvitendero zvese zvakanyorwa mumutauro wakajeka (phasǎa khon) asi chakakosha pakupedzisira irevo yemweya (phasǎa tham). Buddhadasa anoita mutsauko wakapinza pakati pavo. Kana tichida kunzwisisa zvinonyatsorehwa nemagwaro, tinofanira kushandura mutauro wevanhu kuenda mumutauro wemweya. Ngano, zvishamiso nengano mumutauro wavanhu zvinonongedzera kuchirevo chakadzama.

Ndima yaMosesi nevanhu vechiJudha nemuGungwa Dzvuku mutauro wevanhu, mumutauro wemweya zvinoreva rudo rwaYahwe kuvanhu vake. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Buddhadasa akatsanangurawo ngano dzechiBuddha uye ngano. Uye saka 'rufu nekuzvarwa patsva', mukuwedzera kune chiitiko chebhaibheri, zvinogona zvakare kureva kurasikirwa kwetsika neuipi, mukuwedzera kusunungurwa kubva mukutambura muno uye ikozvino.

Buddhadasa aida kudzokera kumagwaro ekutanga, kunyanya iwo suttapitaka uko mashoko nezviito zvaBuddha zvinonyorwa. Akafuratira mazana ose etsinhiro dzakatevera sedzisina kukosha uye dzinowanzovhiringidza.

Chidzidzo chisingatenderwi: Nirvana

Nibbana (muSanskrit inozivikanwa zviri nani se Nirvana) chinenge chidzidzo chisingatenderwi muBuddhism yanhasi. Kana inotaurwa nezvayo zvachose, inzvimbo isingasvikike, inongogoneka kumamongi, zviuru zvekuzvarwa patsva kure, kure nenyika ino, rudzi rwedenga kwausingagoni kuzvarwa patsva munyika ino yekutambudzika.

Buddhadasa inotaura kuti maererano nemagwaro, Buddha akawana 'nibbana' asati afa. Chirevo chepakutanga chenibbana ndechekuti "kudzima," senge yemazimbe anopfuta, kana kuti "tame," semhuka yakapfava, inotonhorera uye isina kusvibiswa.

Buddhadasa anotenda kuti nibbana inoreva kutsakatika kwepfungwa nemanzwiro anovhiringidza uye anosvibisa, zvakadai semakaro, ruchiva, ruvengo, kutsiva, kusaziva uye udyire. Zvinoreva kusaita 'ini' uye 'wangu' misimboti inotitungamirira muupenyu hwedu.

Nibbana inogona kuva yenguva pfupi kana yekusingaperi Dit upenyu hunowanikwa, nevanhuwo zvavo nemamongi, kunyangwe vasina ruzivo rwemagwaro matsvene, kunyangwe vasina temberi nemamongi, uye pasinawo miitiro neminamato.

Buddhadasa akati aigona kupfupisa dzidziso yake sezvinotevera: 'Ita zvakanaka, dzivisa zvakaipa uye chenesa pfungwa dzako'. Ndiko kuberekwazve chaiko, kuberekwazve chaiko.

Pfungwa dzakachena

'Chít wâang' kana kuti pfungwa dzakachena haisi pfungwa itsva asi imwe yechokwadi chekare uye chepakati muBuddhism pese painoiswa naBuddhadasa. 'Chít waang' chaizvoizvo zvinoreva 'pfungwa dzisina chinhu'. Ishanduro yaBuddhadasa yepfungwa yechiBhudha inoreva kuvharira, kurega kuvhiringidza nekusvibisa pfungwa.

Chekutanga kuisa parutivi 'ini' neyangu' (ตัวกู-ของกู toea cow-khǒng mhou, zvichiratidza kuti Buddhadasa anoshandisa yakajairwa, kunyange yakaderera, mutauro wecolloquial pano), izvo zvinoenderana nepfungwa ye-atta ' kwete iwe pachako'. Mukuwedzera, kusunungurwa kwemanzwiro akasimba, anoparadza akadai seruchiva, makaro uye kutsiva. Chít wâang ipfungwa iri pakati nepakati nerunyararo. Kuvavarira chimiro chendangariro ichi kwakakosha.

Basa ndiro musimboti wehupenyu hwedu

Kuna Buddhadasa, basa rakakosha kuhupenyu hwedu, chinhu chinodiwa uye chinosunungura. Nebasa, haangorevi izvo zvinopa raramo yedu, asi mabasa ese ezuva nezuva, mukati memhuri uye munharaunda. Naizvozvo zvakakosha zvakaenzana pakuchengetedza nzanga yakarurama. Haaoni mutsauko pakati pebasa nedhamma, dzidziso, hazvina kupatsanurwa,

Buddhadasa akati:Basa muminda yemupunga rine chekuita nedhamma, dzidziso, kupfuura mutambo wechitendero mutemberi, chechi kana mosque.' Uyezve, akanzwa kuti marudzi ose ebasa, kana akaitwa muchimiro chendangariro chakarurama, ane ukoshi hwakaenzana.

Karma

Karma inonzi กรรม 'comb' muchiThai. MuSanskrit izwi rinoreva 'chiito, chiito' uye chiito chine chinangwa. Mukuona kwakajairwa kweThai Buddhism, iyo karma yakaunganidzwa kubva kuhupenyu hwako hwese hwekare inosarudza hupenyu hwako muno uye ikozvino.

Kuti unobva wazvarwa patsva zvinoenderana nekumwe faniro, yakanaka kana yakaipa, yaunowana muhupenyu huno. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa zvakanakisisa kuburikidza netsika, kushanyira temberi, kupa mari kumatemberi, nezvimwewo. Kupa makumi maviri mabhati kutemberi kunonatsiridza karma yako pane kupa mazana maviri ebhati kumuvakidzani ane urombo.

Vanhu vane hanya zvikuru, vanhu vane mari, hutano uye chimiro, vanofanira kunge vakawana karma yakawanda yakanaka muhupenyu hwekare. Nzvimbo yavo munzanga, sokunge zvakadaro, udangwe uye naizvozvo haibatiki. Reverse inoshandawo. Aya ndiwo maonero akajairika eThai.

Mwana wangu ane makore 25 okuberekwa akaremara. Nekuda kwechirwere chenhaka thalassemia haanzwe uye ari mbeveve. Pane imwe nguva, makore gumi nemaviri apfuura, takaenda kutemberi ine mukurumbira kuchamhembe kweChiang Rai. Mai vake vakabvunza mumwe mumongi kuti, "Neiko mwanasikana wangu akaremara kudaro?" Iyo monk yakapindura kuti inofanira kunge iri nekuda kwekarma yakaipa kubva muupenyu hwekare.' Sister wekurera ane karma yakaipa ndomumwe wevanhu vakanaka uye vakangwara vandinoziva.

Maonero aBuddhadasa e karma anopesana zvakanyanya neizvi. Anotaura kuti Buddha pachake haana kumbotaura nezve karma, uye zvechokwadi haana kutonga vanhu pairi. Pfungwa yekarma ipfungwa yechiHindu uye yaivepo kare Buddha asati auya. Anofungidzira kuti pfungwa yechiHindu yekarma yakapinda muBuddhism muzvinyorwa zvekare uye mabhuku.

Kuna Buddhadasa, karma ndiyo chete inoburitsa mhedzisiro, yakanaka kana yakaipa, muno uye ikozvino. Zvibereko zvemabasa ako, sokunge zvakadaro, zvatova muzviito zvako. Zvibereko izvozvo zvinozviratidza mundangariro dzako uye mukupesvedzera kwaunogara.

Hapana kudiwa kwehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika

Buddhadasa haana kumbotaura zvaanoda kune imwe sangano rezvematongerwo enyika, kunze kwekuti vatungamiri vanofanirawo kutevera dhamma, dzidziso. Vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vakaramba pfungwa dzake. Rega ndizviganhurire kune zvirevo zvishoma:

Buddhadasa: "Haisi communism inotyisidzira Thailand, asi inodzvinyirira uye inodzvinyirira capitalism."

Sulak Sivaraska: 'Nzvimbo isina simba muBuddhadasa inyaya ye' mudzvanyiriri ', nekuti vadzvinyiriri havambove nedhamma uye isu tinozvipira zvakanyanya kune vadzvinyiriri. Kunyangwe maabbots emamongi vadzvanyiriri, kusanganisira Buddhadasa pachake .... "

Tino Kuis

Sources:

Peter A Jackson, Buddhadasa, Theravada Buddhism uye Modernist Reform muThailand, Silkworm, Books, 2003
Buddhadasa Bhikkhu, 'Ini' uye 'Wangu', Thammasapa & Bunluentham Institution, hapana gore

www.buddhanet.net/budasa.htm

/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhadasa

Mavhidhiyo matatu ekuona hupenyu nedzidziso dzaBuddhadasa:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgw97YTOriw

www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3PmajYl0Q4

www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJvB9xKfX1U

The Four Noble Truths akatsanangura:

www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJvB9xKfX1U