Maonero ekuMadokero echiBuddhism chii uye kuti ndeapi maitiro echiBuddha mukati nekunze kweAsia anogona kunge akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvakare muzvinyorwa zvangu, semuenzaniso, ndakanyora chinyorwa nezve 'chakachena' Buddhism, yakabviswa zvishamiso zvese, tsika dzinoshamisa uye mapeji matema. Asi ini ndakambonyorawo nyaya yainetsa pamusoro pechinzvimbo chevakadzi muBuddhism. Muchikamu chino ini ndichatsanangura mamwe eiwo maonero akasiyana.
Nzira dzakasiyana mukati meBuddhism
Vese maBhudha vanowana maonero avo kubva muhupenyu hwaBuddha, asi nzira inotsanangurwa iyi inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Kune dzinenge nhatu hova huru, dzine huwandu hukuru hwemamwe mapazi. Nehurombo, aya mamwe mafungu aisagara akapfava kune mumwe nemumwe.
Therevada
MuSoutheast Asia, kusanganisira Thailand, iyo Theravada chikoro (“shoko revakuru”). Iri ndiro bazi rekare reBuddhism uye rinotsamira pamagwaro ekare echiPali. Mune 5e zana remakore AD, ikozvino yakapararira kubva kuSri Lanka. Kufanana nemasangano ese echiBhudha, yakachinjira kune zvinotendwa zvemuno apo tsika dzemweya nemashiripiti dzakaita basa guru uye nanhasi. MuThailand, mazano emweya uye zviito zvemashiripiti chikamu chakasimbiswa cheBuddhism yakajairika.
Mahayana
De Mahayana chikoro ('motokari huru') yakatanga kumativi ekutanga kwenguva yechiKristu uye inotarisa kuvapo kweBodhisattva: munhu akatovhenekerwa uyo asati achida kupinda muNirvana, asi pano uye zvino nekuda kwetsitsi vamwe vanhu vanobatsira. kuwana kujekerwa. Nirvana inzvimbo yakakwirira zvikurusa inosvikwa nomunhu, isina makaro, kuvenga uye kuvhiringidzika. Bato reMahayana rakanyanya kupararira kune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia dzakadai seTibet, Nepal, China, Korea neJapan. MuChina, chimiro cheBuddhism ichi chaiwanzoshandisa pfungwa uye matauriro kubva kuTaoism yekare, yakanyorwawo seDaoism. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inokosheswa chitendero chechiBuddha muWest, the Zen Buddhism, ndeyebato iri uye yakatanga makore akapoteredza 500 AD. Kristu muChina uye ainyanya kuitwa muJapan.
vajrayana
Nzira yechitatu ndiyo Vajrayana chikoro ('motokari yebhanhire', enzanisa nezita ramambo weThai aripo, Vajiralongkorn 'ishe wemheni'). Pano maitiro ekufungisisa, tsika uye kudzokorora (mantras) inoita basa rakakura.
Sasin Tipchai / Shutterstock.com
Iyo 'yakachena uye yechokwadi' Buddhism
Upenyu hwaBuddha huzere nezviitiko zvinoshamisa izvo zvinowanzogamuchirwa sechokwadi, kunyanya kuMabvazuva. Siddhartha ('aita chinangwa chake') Gotama (kana kuti Gautama, zita remhuri yake), akazova Buddha, akaberekerwa mune yava kunzi India nhasi, pamuganhu neNepal. Sezvaiitwa panguva iyoyo, amai vake vaiva nepamuviri zvikuru, Maya, vakanga vachienda kumusha kwaakaberekerwa kunosununguka.Mukati merwendo rwavo, akabereka mwanakomana wavo mumusha weLumbini: Siddhartha akaberekwa kubva muhudyu yake yokurudyi. Akakwanisa kumira pakarepo, akatora nhanho dzinoverengeka mumativi mana, akanongedzera kumatenga nenyika ndokutaura mashoko anotevera: “Ndakazvarirwa kuvhenekerwa nokubetserwa kwamarudzi ose, uye uku ndiko kuberekwa kwangu kwokupedzisira. ." Amai vake vakafa vhiki imwe pashure pokuberekwa kwake uye vakaberekwazve mudenga umo mwanakomana wavo, panguva iyeyo aitova Buddha, akabhururuka rimwe zuva kundomudzidzisa kwemwedzi mitatu. Sezvineiwo, Buddha gare gare akarambidza vadzidzi vake kuzvitutumadza pamusoro pezvishamiso zvavo.
Kunyanya kumadokero, asiwo mune mamwe enjere madenderedzwa kumabvazuva, idzi nyaya dzinoshamisa dzinowanzo kusiiwa. Ivo vaisazove ve'chokwadi musimboti' weBuddhism.
Maonero ekuMadokero eBuddhism: ane rugare, ane ushamwari nevakadzi uye nekuenzana?
Madokero anoona Buddhism sechitendero chine rugare zvakanyanya kana kutenda. Zvakanaka, hachisi chokwadi. Pane zvishoma zvechiratidzo chechisimba mune mamwe masangano echiBuddha. Kwakanga kune hondo pakati pemaBhudha munguva yakapfuura, semuenzaniso kukunda zvisaririra zveBuddha. Munguva pfupi yapfuura muSri Lanka mave mune mapoka echiBuddha anoratidzira ruvengo nechishoro kuvaMuslim namaKristu. MuMyanmar, mumongi Ashin Wirathu aishingaira, achiteverwa nevamwe vakawanda. Akaparidza kuvenga maMuslim uye akarayira kuti vaende. Akati, 'Vanhu vanofanira kunamata vamiriri veTatmadaw (mauto) sokunge vainamata Buddha'. Havasi vanhu vose muMyanmar vanobvumirana naye, asi vakawanda vanobvumirana nazvo. Akafananidzawo wezvematongerwo enyika ane mukurumbira uye muratidziri Aung San Suu Kyi 'nepfambi inosveta zvido zvekunze kwenyika'.
Buddhism isangano rekusaremekedza vakadzi. Semuyenzaniso, ane makore 21 okuberekwa, asina ruzivo uye achangobva kugadzwa wechirume mumongi anogara akakwirira muchimiro kupfuura akura, akachenjera uye ane nguva refu akatanga monk wechikadzi. Kuti uwane mimwe mienzaniso ona chinyorwa changu:
Vakadzi muBuddhism | Thai blog
(Akabudirira Mufananidzo / Shutterstock.com)
Kufungisisa…..
Kuvhenekerwa kwaBuddha kunonyanya kunzi kuMabvazuva kune karma yakanaka yaakaunganidza mumazana ake ese ehupenyu hwakapfuura. Kuburikidza nemabasa akanaka ane vavariro dzakanaka sezvipo, unogona kuvandudza karma yako uye kuberekwa patsva semunhu anofara. Iyo haina pesvedzero yakawanda pahupenyu hwako hwazvino, saka kuzvarwa patsva chikamu chakakosha cheBuddhism pano.
Karma, kune rumwe rutivi, inoita basa diki mumaonero ekuMadokero ayo anowanzo kungoreva kufungisisa kwaBuddha pasi pemuti weBodhi semusimboti weBuddhism uye mamiriro ekuvhenekerwa. KuMabvazuva, kunyanya pakati pevanhuwo zvavo, mishonga haisi tsika yechiBuddha inokosha zvikuru.
Ichi chiono chekuMadokero chakasimuka kunyanya mumaXNUMX uye XNUMX apo vechidiki vakawanda vekuMadokero vakaenda kuMabvazuva kuti vawane kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekuvapo kwevanhu uye rugare rwepfungwa. Vadzidzisi vavo vokuAsia vakakurumidza kuona kuti nyaya dzezviitiko zvinoshamisa uye masimba emashiripiti hadzina kunyatsovafadza uye kuti kuberekwa patsva kwakanga kusiri chinhu chinokosha kana, uye ndizvo zvinowanzova zvakadaro nemhando dzose dzekufungisisa.
Kune vekuMadokero, kufungisisa uye kumwe kudzidziswa kwakadai sekurangarira saka chikamu chakakosha cheBuddhism, zvichida kunyange chinhu chakakosha. Inovandudza hupenyu hwako hwazvino uye inobatsira nematambudziko epfungwa akadai sekuneta uye kuora mwoyo. Hapana chakaipa ipapo, zvinoderedza kutambura kwevanhu uye zvinofanira kuombererwa. Asi kuzvibatanidza neBuddhism kuri kuenda kure kwazvo kwandiri.
Buddhism isangano rakawanda rakawanda, uzivi, kutenda, chitendero, kana chero chaunoda kudaidza, chine mativi mazhinji akanaka uye mamwe maitiro akaipa.
Ndiri kuda kuziva kuti vaverengi vanofungei nezveizvi.
Sources:
Paul van der Velde, Muganda raBuddha, Balans Publishers 2021, ISBN 978 94 638 214 7. (Bhuku rinokurudzirwa zvikuru naPaul van der Velde. Ndiye purofesa weHinduism uye Buddhism paRadboud University muNijmegen).
Barend Jan Terwiel, Mamongi uye Mashiripiti, NIAS Press, 2012, ISBN 978 87 7694 065 2
Bvunzurudzo yakaitwa naPaul van der Velde mumhinduro kubhuku radudzwa. Inobatsira zvikuru kuteerera!
#532: Buddhism muMabvazuva neMadokero Maonero. Hurukuro naPaul van der Velde - YouTube
Vakadzi muBuddhism | Thai blog
Kugadziriswa kudiki kune chinyorwa chako chinonakidza. Iwe unonyora kuti "Buddha akaberekerwa mune yanhasi India, pamuganhu neNepal" mumusha weLumbini. Iye zvino ndinogona kusimbisa kwauri kuti Lumbini iri 100% muNepal, ndanga ndiripo ini.
Mushure mekuiverenga ndakashamisika kuti Vajrayana Buddhism inoitwa munyika dzipi (izvi zvinotaurwa mune zvimwe zvikoro zviviri). Izvi zvinonyanya kuve Tibet, Nepal neBhutan.
Buddhism pasina kuzvarwa patsva ichave yakaoma. Iwe hausvike pakuvhenekerwa kwehupenyu humwechete uye kunyangwe wanga wakadaro, uchasvika panguva yekuti hauzozvarwa patsva, asi kana izvo zvikasaitika zvakadaro… Zvino pane zvishoma zvasara zvekuita kunze kwekurega uye zvimwe zvezvinhu izvozvo. Kunyangwe iwe uchigona kuisa iyo label Buddhism pairi?
Ndinogona kuseka kuti mahippie paakatamira kumabvazuva, vanhu vaifunga kuti "kudzidza kuti dzidziso yemhino chena haisi kuzoshanda kwaari, saka ndichatofanira kufungisisa". Fungidzira kuti dai vanhu vekuAsia vakatamira kuUS muzana ramakore rechi20 uye vakapedzisira vava mumakereke eevhangeri, vaisada kurovera varombo veAsia nedzidziso yakawandisa uye, pamusoro pezvose, vaizonakidzwa nekuimba nekutamba pamwechete... Yakanyanya sanoek hongu, uye muAsia tingadai takava neBhaibheri = rwiyo uye kutamba, kunakidza! anogona kuona. Hehe.
Idzo nyaya dzehupenyu hwekare hwaBuddha uye nyaya dzine hukama chikamu chayo mumaonero angu kana iwe uchida kukwanisa kuisa Buddhism zviri nani. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro pokuberekwazve, Buddha akati, anonokora mashoko, kuti: “Uyo aizova murume kazhinji kazhinji, kuberekwa pashure pokuberekwa, anofanira kudzivisa vadzimai vevamwe, sezvo uyo akageza tsoka dzake anodzivisa tsvina. Iye anoda kuve murume, azvarwa zvakare mushure mekuzvarwa, anofanira kukudza murume wake sekukudza kwevaranda Indra. ” (ona Narada jataka).
Dzimwe dzenyaya dzejataka, zvisinei, dzinoenda kure zvikuru mumaonero angu... Somuenzaniso, mhedziso yeAsatamanta jataka ndeyokuti, uye ndinonokora mashoko (!): “Buddha akaudza nhau iyi kumudzidzi wake kuti amuyeuchidze kuti vakadzi dzakaipa uye dzinongounza nhamo.” Kana kuti tora Takka jataka, ndinonokora mashoko zvakare, kuti: “Buddha akamuudza iyi nhau kuti ayeuchidze mudzidzi wake kuti vakadzi vakanga vasingaongi, vasingavimbiki, vasina kutendeseka, vane hasha uye vanokakavara uye kuti rudzidziso rwakanga rwuri nzira bedzi yomufaro.”
Uye kune mamwe mashoma: "vakadzi vanozvarwa vakaipa" (Radha jataka), uye mune dzimwe nyaya dzakawanda vakadzi vanoedza kunyengera Buddha kana muteveri kubva munzira yekuvhenekerwa nemiedzo yavo, izvo zvinongounza njodzi kumurume kutora. . Quote: Apo Bodhisattva akanzwa chikonzero nei mudzidzi akanga asipo, akatsanangura kwaari kuti ichi ndicho chimiro chevakadzi vose: semigwagwa mikuru, nzizi, chivanze uye tavern, vakadzi vanozviita pfuma yevanhu. Naizvozvo, varume vakachenjera havazvibvumiri vamene kunyadziswa kana kuti kushatirwa kana vadzimai vavo vakaita upombwe. Pashure pokuteerera zano reBodhisattva, mudzidzi wacho akarega kuva nehanya nezvinoitwa nevakadzi. (Anabhirati jataka).
Kana kuti sezvakambotaurwa naTino: kana iwe uri mukadzi akanaka, maererano nedzidziso, unogona kuva murume muhupenyu hunotevera (ndizvo "zviri nani"), uye murume akaipa anogona kudonha uye kudzoka semukadzi. Saka chero munhu anoda kuita mukadzi anofanira kuita misikanzwa yakawanda... handifungi kudaro. Haisi pfungwa yakanaka kana iwe ukandibvunza!