Wat Phra Kaew: Temberi yeEmerald Buddha

Wat Phra Kaew kana Tembere yeEmerald Buddha iri mumuzinda wamambo ndiyo inokwezva vazhinji muBangkok. Kungobatikana zvishoma uye kuvhiringika pakuravira kwangu. Kuremerwa nekutora mifananidzo nekurova magokora echiChinese haina kumbobvira yave pfungwa yangu yezuva rakanaka rekubuda, asi ichokwadi. anofanira-kuona.

Nzvimbo dzakakura dzemuzinda mahekita makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu kana saizi yenhandare dzenhabvu zana nemakumi mana nemaviri uye dzine zvivakwa zvinopfuura zana, asi Wat Phra Kaew inoraira kutariswa kwese uye hazvishamise. Inotanga pakarepo pakusvika kune yakaoma. Seri kwelawn yakanyatsogadzirwa, madziro eimba yamambo anopenya akacheneswa anokwira. Iwo orenji-tsvuku uye akadzika girini akapenya matenga uye egoridhe-ruvara chedis inomira yakanyatso kutarisana neinopenya, yebhuruu denga uye inobata chivimbiso chisingataurwi chechiitiko chengano, icho chinozosimbiswa pakupinda.

Hapana kupi munyika kwaunogona kuwana mufananidzo uri nani weThai zvivakwa kupfuura mukati meiyi temberi. Kunyangwe iyo pfungwa yekuvakisa kweThai inofanirwa kutorwa netsanga yemunyu nekuti chokwadi chivakwa cheThai musanganiswa wemarudzi ese ezvekune dzimwe nyika pesvedzero, ayo maIndia, Khmer, Sri Lankan, Burmese neChinese pasina mubvunzo aive akanyanya kukosha. Chinhu chimwe chinomira sechirevo chedanda pamusoro pemvura yakaenzana yetsumo: Mhedzisiro yeizvi fusion architecture zvinokurisa uye ndiko kuti, pasina kupokana, ndicho chinangwa chaicho.

Chinhu chinokatyamadza chechimiro cheThai chivakwa ndechekushongedza kwayo kwakanyanyisa kushongedza; musanganiswa wakasarudzika we eclectic, stylistic uye maruva zvinhu. Nhoroondo yeJW von GoetheIn der Beschränkung zegt sich erst der Meister' sezviri pachena haina kupedzerwa paSiamese master vavaki. Uku ndiko kushongedza mune zvemhando yepamusoro. Semuenzaniso, huni haingochekwa kuita zvekushongedza motif nenhamba. Aiwa, inochekwa uye yakashongedzwa uye yakashongedzwa uye yakashongedzwa nemavara egirazi mosaic kana mai-weparera. Mune mamwe mazwi, kushongedzwa kwakangofanana nematenga etembere…. Chaizvo munguva iyo Wat Phra Kaew yakavakwa, mhizha dzeSiamese dzakakunda muhunyanzvi hwavo. Izvi zvakafambiswa neakanakisa pakati pavo aishanda mumasangano ari pasi pehutongi hwehumambo, hwainyanya hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira hunyanzvi kana kuchinja sip moo, sekuita basa rekunyora, kuveza, lacquerware uye kuveza matombo, vachipfuudza mamwe maitiro ekutengeserana kwavo kubva kuna baba kuenda kumwanakomana.

Wat phra kaew

Kuvakwa kweWat Phra Kaew kwakatanga muna 1783, gore mushure mekunge Rama I, muvambi wedzinza reChakri, achiri kutonga nhasi, akavhura shongwe yeguta reBangkok paRattanakosin Island. Uyu mambo weSiamese aisangoda kuzadzisa zvishuvo zvake zvedzinza nekutanga guta idzva, asi aidawo kuzvibvisa kubva kuThonburi kune rimwe bhanga reChao Phraya, rakavambwa naiye akamutangira Taksin. Zvose zviyeuchidzo zveTaksin nehurumende yake, iyo yakanga yabviswa pakukumbira kwake, yaifanira kunyangarika uye, uyezve, imba yamambo yekare, iyo yakasvinwa pakati peWat Arun naWat Tha, yakanga ichiputika pamakumbo. Nokuvaka temberi pedyo nemuzinda, Rama ndakatevedzera tsika refu. Chimbofunga nezveWat Mahathat padyo nemuzinda muSukhothai, Wat Phra Si Sanphet muAyutthaya uye Wat Arun muThonburi. Kona yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechivanze chokunze cheimba yamambo yakasarudzwa senzvimbo yechivako chetemberi itsva.

Iyo huru Ubosot kana horo yekugadza yetembere (saiko3p / Shutterstock.com)

The big Ubosot kana kuti horo yekugadza yetembere yaive chivako chekutanga muBangkok kuvakwa zvachose nezvidhinha. Imba yamambo, yakavakwa panguva imwe chete, yakanga ichiri kunyanya kuvaka teak. Ichi chivakwa chakakura, chinomira pachikuva chakafukidzwa nematombo ematombo, chinoumba chikamu chepakati uye chinoremekedzwa zvikuru chetemberi. Mabasa akapoteredza temberi akafambira mberi zvakanaka kwazvo zvokuti musi waKurume 22, 1784, mumutambo mukuru, Buddha esimaradhi akatamiswa kubva kuWat Arun kuenda kuhoro yokugadza yakanga ichangopedzwa. Kuti zvive pachena, ndinodawo kubvisa kusanzwisisa kunoramba kuripo. Ichi chifananidzo chaBuddha chinonamatwa nekunamata hachina kuvezwa kubva esimaradhi asi kubva mujade. Kusanzwisisa uku kune zvese zvine chekuita nenyaya yekuti yekutanga Chirungu travelogues pasina kusarudzika uye zvisizvo yakanzi 'The Emerald Buddha' - iyo Emerald Buddha…

De Ubosot zvisinei, iyo yatinoona nhasi haina kufanana neyakavakwa naRama I. Muna 1831, Rama III yakanga ine kunze kwechivako ichi chakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya uye chakashongedzwa. Iye zvino chivako ichi, icho chinoumba mwoyo wetemberi yakaoma, ndiyo muenzaniso wezvinyorwa zvehukuru hukuru hweunyanzvi uye kukwana izvo zvivharo zvemhizha zvakawana pakutanga kweRattanakosin nguva. Izvi hazvingoratidzirwe kunze chete neshumba dzebluestone, dzakashongedzwa mabhuronzi Garudas, madziro akashongedzwa nemaruva motifs uye mbiru dzakashongedzwa negoridhe shizha, mai-we-parera uye magirazi madiki, asi kunyanya mune inenge yengano-semukati-yakafanana nemukati nemifananidzo mikuru yemadziro, iyo oxblood tsvuku sirin inokanganiswa nematanda makuru ane egoridhe-ruvara mapatani uye inofema yepakati pedestal ine yakagadzwa Green Buddha munzvimbo yelotus, achifungisisa mairi.

Gilded bronze Garudas

Gumi nembiri zvakafanana horoMapavilions madiki, akazaruka kumativi ese, akakomberedza imba yekugadzwa. Iwo akavakwa neRama I kuti agamuchire mapilgrim. Sezvakangoita Ubosot izvi hazvisisiri zvivako zvepakutanga nokuti naivowo zvakagadziridzwa uye zvakatotsiviwa nokushanda kwewachi. Iko kugadzirisa kukuru kwe Ubosot uye temberi yose, iyo yakatanga muna 1832, yakanga isati iri iyo yoga. Muna 1832 vakaumba makumi mashanu^e Bhavudhe raBangkok raRama IV raive chikonzero chakananga chekudzorera zvakanyanya nekushongedza temberi. Aya mabasa ekudzoreredza akapedzwa chete pasi pemwanakomana wake Rama V, munguva chaiyo yekuwedzera kupenya kumhemberero dzezana remakore reBangkok muna 1882. Muna 1932, yaive Rama VII yakapedzisa 150.^e Bangkok's anniversary yekuvaka kutsva, nepo Rama IX yakaita zvimwe cheteyo muna 1982 apo guta guru rakapemberera kusvitsa kwaro makore mazana maviri.

Iro bhero-shizha regoridhe rakapfeka Phra Sri Rattana Chedi

Zvinenge zvinonakidza se Ubosot zvakaitwa nendarira yakanyauswa Kinnon - ngano hafu-shiri, hafu-munhu zvisikwa - akachengetedzwa Than Phaithi, chituru chiri kurutivi rwokumusoro rweimba yokugadza. Pano iwe uchawana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, bhero-yakaita, yakafukidzwa neshizha regoridhe Phra Sri Rattana Chedi iyo yakavakwa naRama IV muna 1855 senzvimbo tsvene yechidimbu cheBuddha's sternum. Ichi chisaririra chinogara mudiki, dema-painted stupa mukati me chedi. Iyo chedi pachayo yakafuridzirwa ne stupas yeWat Phra Si Sanphet muAyutthaya, iyo yakaparadzwa neBurmese, iyo yakabva yabva kuSri Lankan mienzaniso. Padivi peiyi shrine inokatyamadza pane sikweya, iyo inonakidza kubva pakuona kwekuvaka Phra Mondop. Ichi chivakwa chakashongedzwa zvakapfuma chinochengeta akati wandei magwaro matsvene. Mwongo weraibhurari iyi ishanduro yakadzokororwa ye Tripitaka, magwaro matsvene eBhaibheri rechiBuddha cheTheravad.

Prasat Phra Thep Mvura Bhodhoro

Mushure memazana emakore ehumambo echiSiamese muunganidzwa weiyi muunganidzwa wezvinyorwa wakarasika nekuda kwesaga reAyutthaya muna 1767, Rama I akapa basa mamongi eWat Mahatat Yuwaratrangsarit muna 1788 kunyorazve, kuongorora uye kuwedzera muunganidzwa uyu. Mugumisiro weiyi basa rokushingaira nokushingaira wakaguma mu Phra Mondop. Uyu Nyarara yakakomberedzwa nemativi mana nemaBuddha akapihwa Rama V naCarel Herman Aart van der Wijck, gavhuna-mukuru weDutch East Indies, panguva yekushanya kwake muna Chikunguru 1896 kuBorobodur muJava. Chivako chechitatu pane iyi terrace ndiyo Prasat Phra Thep Mvura Bhodhoro. Kuvakwa kweimba iyi kwakatanga muna 1855 nechinangwa chekuvakira Emerald Buddha. Asi kunonoka kwezvirongwa zvekuvaka uye moto unopisa zvakadzivisa izvi. Pakupedzisira, mukutanga kwemaXNUMXs, Rama VI yakafunga kuishandura kuita yehumambo Pantheon umo zvidhori zvehukuru hwehupenyu hwemadzimambo eChakri Dynasty inoratidzwa.

Uye kana uchishanyira yakaoma, usakanganwa kushanyira magaraji ane akanaka uye akanyanya kutsanangurwa frescoes. Aya murals akagadzirwa mukutonga kweRama III uye anoratidza zvidimbu kubva kurudzi rweRamakien epic.

Kufanana nedzimwe temberi dzose dziri paRattanakosin Island, Wat Phra Kaew iri kufashukira nehukuru hwehupenyu hweChinese bluestone zvidhori zvevarwi, mandarins, uye mhuka-kazhinji shumba-vanoita sevachengeti vetemberi. Ivo vanodzokera kunguva yeRama III pavakashandiswa seballast pamajunk eChinese akananga kuSiam. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvezvidhori izvi zvakare zvakavezwa panzvimbo nematombo echiChinese nevavezi, vatenzi vechokwadi vehunyanzvi hwavo.

yaksha

Uye kutaura nezvevarindi vetemberi: Kugumisa, chiDutch chinongedzo. Paunenge uchishanyira iyi temberi yakaoma, iva nechokwadi chekuteerera kune gumi nemaviri makuru yaksha, iwo angangoita 5 metres akakwirira tutelary vamwari vetembere & palace complex. Vakafuridzira Anton Pieck kune varindi vanotyisa veEfteling.