Zviremwaremwa

Zviremwaremwa muThailand

Unogona kuzvidaidza kuti 'Chishamiso cheKao Kaeo', mamirioni ezviremwaremwa zvinobhururuka munzira inoenderera, refu, yakafara kana zuva rodoka rava kudya. Muhuwandu husingaverengeki vanogara mumapako echoko mawere eKhao Kaeo, ari mukati meAmphoe Banphot Phisai, anenge makiromita makumi mana kuchamhembe kweNakhon Sawan.

Zuva nezuva zviremwaremwa zvakawanda zvinobhururuka kunze pashure chaipo peawa yechitanhatu. Kweinopfuura awa unoona zviremwaremwa zvichisiya matumba azvo mumutsara unopfuurira, wakafara. Iwo inhamba isingaverengeki uye, tichitarisa panzira refu, inopfuurira, yakafara iyo inofamba nayo zvinoyevedza munzira imwe cheteyo, fungidziro inongwarira pasina mubvunzo inofanira kuverengera mamiriyoni anoverengeka.

Rugwaro rwuri pamusoro rwakaburitswa paThailandblog muna Ndira 5, 2016 mune yangu nyaya 'Mamirioni ezviremwaremwa nezviuru zvetsoko'. Nguva zhinji mukufamba kwangu muAsia ndakaona zviremwaremwa izvi zvinoshamisa zvinowanzorembera pamiti, asi ndangariro dzeKhao Kaeo dzinoramba dzisingadzimiki mupfungwa dzangu.

Ruzivo rwangu pamusoro pezviremwaremwa haruna kutozosvikira ndaita hurukuro naFrans Hijnen, munyori weEindhoven City Nature Foundation, nyanzvi yeshiri uye anonamata zvidhori zvezviremwaremwa, izvo zvaanoziva zvose. Ndapota taura nyaya yake.

Chiremwaremwa hachipo. Kune marudzi anopfuura chiuru echiremwaremwa munyika yose, ayo marudzi 17 awo anowanikwa muNetherlands. Chiremwaremwa chikuru muNetherlands, chiremwaremwa chakapfava, hachipfuuri masendimita masere. Chiremwaremwa chidiki cheDutch, pipistrelle bat, chinokwana mubhokisi remachisi uye chinorema secube yeshuga. Zviremwaremwa zvinogona kurarama zvachembera; anopfuura makore makumi maviri hapana anosiya. Muviri wechiremwaremwa unogadziridzwa kuti urembera wakatsikitsira. Mhuka idzi padzinorembera dzakaisa misoro pasi, huremu hwemuviri hwadzo hunokweva tsinga, iro rinokwevera makumbo pamwe chete. Ivo havadi chero simba remhasuru kuti varambe varipo. Kurembera wakatarisa pasi hakudi chero simba. Nekuda kwekutenderera kweropa kwakagadziriswa, ropa hariyerere mumusoro.

Zviremwaremwa hadzisi shiri, hadzisi mbeva dzinobhururuka. Iboka rakaparadzana remhuka dzinoyamwisa, mhuka dzinoyamwisa chete dzinogona kubhururuka zvechokwadi. Dzinobhururuka nemaoko. Vane zvigunwe zvakareba kwazvo zvine ganda rakatetepa (nhunzi) pakati pazvo iro mumarudzi mazhinji rinopfuura nemumakumbo eshure kusvika kumuromo wemuswe. Naizvozvo zviremwaremwa zvinonziwo hand-winged kana kuti Chiroptera. Vanogara munzvimbo dzatisingawanzosvika, dzakadai semumadziro emba kana pasi pematairi edenga. Zvimwe zviremwaremwa, zvakaita sechiremwaremwa chitsvuku nechiremwaremwa chemvura, zvinogara mumakomba emiti muchirimo (semuenzaniso makomba akasiiwa). Mhuka dzemhando dzinogara muzvivakwa ndedzinononoka kubhururuka uye pipistrelle bat.

Nekuda kwekuti maoko nemakumbo zvakajairwa kuti zvikwanise kubhururuka, zviremwaremwa hazvikwanisi kuvaka dendere razvo, kuchera gomba mumuti kana kuchera gomba. Zviremwaremwa naizvozvo zvinotsamira chose pamamiriro ezvinhu aripo nokuda kwezvirugu zvadzo. Izvi hazvitadzise zviremwaremwa kubva pakushandisa mazamu akawanda. Vanowanzo shandisa nzvimbo yakaparadzana kune yega yega mamiriro ekunze uye yemwaka wega wega.

Chiremwaremwa chine nzeve refu grey (Plecotus austriacus) chiremwaremwa chakakura chaizvo chekuEurope

Zvose zviremwaremwa muNetherlands (neEurope) zvinorarama netumbuyu. Mamwe marudzi anodyawo dandemutande rakawanda uye chiremwaremwa chegungwa dzimwe nguva chinotodya makonye ehove. Kuti zvirambe zviri zvipenyu, zviremwaremwa zvinofanirwa kubata zvipembenene zvinokwana chikamu chimwe muzvina kusvika chidimbu chehuremu hwemuviri wazvo. Manheru anodziya, chiremwaremwa chinogona kudzura mazana eumhutu, zvipfukuto nezvipembenene kubva mumhepo. Boka rezviremwaremwa rinodya kilos yezvipembenene muzhizha. Mamwe marudzi ezviremwaremwa anoda zvipfukuto kana zvipembenene.

Tarisa nenzeve dzako

Zviremwaremwa zvine maziso anovabvumira kuona zvakanaka munguva yerubvunzavaeni. Asi kuwana chikafu murima, zviremwaremwa zvakawanda zvinoshandisa izwi ravo nenzeve (sonar kana echolocation). Chiremwaremwa chinoramba chichiburitsa manzwi mapfupi nechinangwa ichi. Nenzeve dzavo dzinonyatsonzwa vanogona kunzwa kubva ku ultrasound kuti nharaunda inotaridzika sei uye kuti zvipembenene zviri kupi. Mitsindo iyi ndeyepamusoro zvekuti vanhu vazhinji havainzwe. Zvimwe zvipfukuto zvinogonawo kunzwa kurira kwezviremwaremwa zvoedza kutiza. Kuti vashamiswe uye vadye, chiremwaremwa chine nzeve refu chinobhururuka chichizevezera. Uye kuti unzwe maungira unoda nzeve huru kwazvo. Awo echiremwaremwa ane nzeve refu akareba semuviri! Zvisinei, chiremwaremwa chekuAsia chakakura kudarika chiremwaremwa chayo chekuEurope.

Chiremwaremwa chemuchero

Zviremwaremwa zvikuru zvakawanda ndezveMegachiroptera (yava kunzi Pteropodidae). Kune marudzi 166 anozivikanwa pasi rose. Dzinonziwo imbwa dzinobhururuka kana kuti kalongs. Iri boka rinosanganisira zvikuru marudzi makuru. Iyo hombe ine mapapiro anosvika 1,70 metres uye inorema ingangoita kirogiramu. Zviremwaremwa izvi zvine maziso makuru uye zvinowana nzira murima nekuona pane kunzwika semamwe marudzi mazhinji. Vazhinji vanorarama nemuchero, vamwewo nemukume nenekita. Chiremwaremwa ichi chinowanikwa muThailand uye muAsia yose; asiwo muAfrica, Australia uye pane zvimwe zvitsuwa zveOceania.

Anenge munhu wose akaona chiremwaremwa. Manheru vanobuda kuzodzingirira mosquito nemoths kunge maaerial acrobats chaiwo. Chiitiko chinonakidza kune vamwe vanhu, hope dzechokwadi kune vamwe. Zviremwaremwa zvinomutsa pfungwa dzisingafadzi muvanhu vazhinji. Semuenzaniso, zviremwaremwa zvaibhururukira mubvudzi rako zvokurwisa kuti zviyamwe ropa uye zvaiparadzira hosha dzemarudzi ese. Shoko rokuti 'haazivikanwi haadiwe' rinoshanda kune zviremwaremwa. Vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti zviremwaremwa imhuka dzinokosha zvikuru uye dzine nzvimbo inokosha mumasikirwo.

Zviremwaremwa zvemuchero

Corona

Mubvunzo haugone kusiiwa kunze mazuva ano: zviremwaremwa zvakare zvakatapukirwa neiyo coronavirus? Mhinduro: Kwete, iyo coronavirus nyowani haina kuwanikwa mumaremwaremwa muNetherlands, zvisinei nekuti zviremwaremwa muNetherlands zvakaongororwa zvakanyanya nezvehutachiona mumakore achangopfuura. Zvichienderana netsvakiridzo yemajini, iyo coronavirus nyowani yakanyanya kufanana nemakoronavirus anowanikwa muAsia mhando yebhiza bat (Rhinolophus affinis). Rudzi rwechiremwaremwa urwu rwakapararira muSouth neSoutheast Asia, asi kwete muEurope. Zviremwaremwa zvinobva kuMaodzanyemba nekuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia zvakare hazvisi kusangana nehuwandu hwezviremwaremwa muEurope. Asi ndichigara muThailand, kuti ndive parutivi rwakakotsekana, ndairamba ndiri kure navo ndokuvarega varere pamusoro pemiti.