Kurimwa kwefodya muThailand
Pakugadzirwa kwefodya, fodya, nezvimwewo, mashizha efodya (Nicotiana tabacumbour) anoshandiswa, chirimwa chegore negore chinorimwa paminda munyika dzakawanda.
Kurimwa kwefodya kwakaitikawo kuNetherlands neBelgium, asi kwainzi hakuna pundutso, zvikuru mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, nekuda kwekumuka kwevarimi vefodya vakadai seChina, Brazil, United States nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzichiri kusimukira muAfrica neAsia. Thailand zvakare ine nzvimbo yakakura yeminda yekurima inorimwa chirimwa chefodya.
Nhoroondo yechirimwa chefodya
Parwendo rwake rwekutanga kuenda kuNyika Itsva, Christopher Columbus neavo vakadzokera vakaudzwa nezvechirimwa, utsi hwacho, pawakapiswa, hwainzi "fodya" nezvizvarwa zveHispaniola.
Muna 1560, Jean Nicot de Villemain akaunza mbeu yefodya nemashizha kudare reFrance ndokuitumidza kuti panacea. Muna 1586, nyanzvi yebotanist Jacques Deschamps akapa chirimwa ichi zita reHerba Nicotiana, pakutanga chaionekwa sechirimwa chekushongedza mashizha asati ashandiswa sefodya nefodya.
Fodya yakasvikawo kuAfrica mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 17, uko kusvinwa kwemashizha kwakava chinhu chakakurumbira chekudzora zvipembenene.
Muna 1851, nyanzvi yemakemikari yeBelgian Jean Stas akaratidza kuti fodya yakabviswa yakashandiswa sechombo chekuuraya chine chepfu. The Belgian count Hippolyte Visart de Bocarmé akanga aisira muramu wake muchetura nenzira iyi, nokuti akanga achitevera mari yemuramu iyeye.
Kugadzirwa kwenyika
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti nekuda kweinoramba ichiwedzera kurwisa kuputa, kugadzirwa kwefodya kunenge kwadzikira, saka ndinofanira kukuodza mwoyo. Maererano nenhamba dzeSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose, matani mamiriyoni 1971 emashizha efodya akakohwewa muna 4,2 uye pari zvino anopfuura mamiriyoni manomwe ematani pagore. Mugadziri mukuru iChina ine chikamu chinoda kusvika makumi mana kubva muzana, ichiteverwa neIndia ine 7%, Brazil ne40% uye United States neinenge 8%. Iwo asara makumi mana muzana anobva kunyika dzakawanda (dziri kusimukira), kusanganisira Thailand.
Kugadzirwa muThailand
MuThailand, goho rinodarika mamiriyoni makumi mashanu kilos rakawanikwa munguva ya2014/2015. Kurimwa kunoitwa munyika yose, asi kukoshesa kuri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweThailand, neNakhon Phanom sepakati. Munyika yose, mhuri dzinodarika 50 45.000 dzinorarama nekurima fodya. Kukosha kwefodya yakatengwa kubva kuvarimi vekuThai munguva ya2010-2014 yaidarika mabhiriyoni mana nemazana matatu nemakumi matatu emadhora, muna 4.33 goho rinofungidzirwa kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana masere eBaht.
Munda wefodya muSukhothai
Mamiriro ekushanda
Mamiriro ekushanda paminda yefodya haana kunyanya kunaka. Kurimwa kwefodya kunogona kupa zvakawanda kupfuura, semuenzaniso, mupunga, asi mishonga yakawanda yezvipembenene nefetereza inoshandiswa. Kurimwa kwefodya kunozivikanwa zvakare kushoma pamusoro pekushandiswa kwevana. Asi pane kuchinja mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Kunyange zvazvo Philip Morris (Thailand) Ltd (PMTL), mutengesi uye mutengesi wefodya yeThailand nefodya, ave nemakore anopfuura makumi mana achishanda, chirongwa chichangobva kuitwa chekuvandudza mamiriro ekushanda. Mukubatana neAdams International, mutengi wemashizha efodya uye anotengesera kunze kwenyika aripowo muThailand, mutemo wakagadzirwa kubva muna 40, unonzi General Agricultural Practices.
General Kurima Maitiro
Mutemo uyu unosanganisira matanho ekudzivirira varimi kubva kumishonga nemimwe mishonga inoshandiswa. Misangano inorongwa apo varimi vanoziviswa nezvezvinhu zvine njodzi uye kuti vangarasa sei zvakanaka mushure mekushandisa. Izvo zvakare zvinorambidzwa zvachose kuti varimi vari pasi pechibvumirano naPhilip Morris kurega vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nematatu vachishanda muminda, kunyangwe vana ivavo vari vemhuri. Muchinyorwa chazvino chekurumbidza muThe Nation, vatauriri vemakambani ese ari maviri vanorumbidza ALP, iyo inofanirwa kupa varimi nzvimbo yakanaka yekushanda.
Mari inowanikwa mukurima fodya
Handina kukwanisa kuziva kana varimi vefodya yeThai vachiwanawo mutengo wakakwana wechigadzirwa chavo. Mumwe mukadzi anobva mudunhu reNakhon Phanom anoti munyaya iyi ari kuronga kuwedzera kurima kwake fodya. Inobereka zvakawanda kudarika mupunga. Anoti gore rapfuura "akawana 60.000 Baht". Tsananguro ye "wakawana" inogona kududzirwa nenzira dzinoverengeka, asi ini ndinoda kufunga kuti ndeye purofiti chaiyo, saka kutengesa mutengo kubvisa zvese zvinodhura zvakaita sembeu, mishonga yezvipembenene, fetiraiza uye muripo unonzwisisika semihoro yemuridzi weminda nevashandi.
Mufungo une tariro, ndinofunga!
Kwakabva: The Nation/Wikipedia
Hey Gringo,
Ndeipi nguva yekukura yefodya muThailand?
Inotora nguva yakareba sei kuti ikohwewe?
Muchidimbu, unogona kutaura chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekurimwa kwayo.
Gr. Ruudje
Sorry Ruudje, handikwanise kupindura izvozvo.
Google "Fodya inokura muThailand" uye pachave neruzivo rwakawanda
kwauri
Nyaya yakanaka Gringo.
Unogona kunge wakawana mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu mukutsvaga kwako.
Fodya inopihwa 3.500+ makemikari nevagadziri kusvika pandinoverenga.
Zvakaitikawo here nefodya iyo dzimwe nguva inotengeswa kumisika pahuwandu hunodiwa, 250 gr. kana 1 kilogiramu?
Zvichida mumwe munhu anoziva izvi?
Hauwanzoona iyo nzira yekutengesa yakasununguka zvakare, pane mutemo unopokana nazvo?
Ndinokutendai zvikuru nemhinduro.
NicoB
@NicoB; nzira yenyaya yangu yaingove iyo General Agricultural Practices yave ichishanda kubvira 2012, iyo inofanirwa kudzidzisa nekudzivirira varimi kubva kune chepfu inouraya tupukanana inoshandiswa uye, zvakare, inofanira kudzivirira kushandiswa kwevana.
Ndakashamisika kana varimi vachiwana mutengo wakakwana wechigadzirwa chavo, asi hapana chandakawana pamusoro pazvo. Ndakawana mhedziso yehurongwa hwekurimwa kwefodya muThailand:
“Kurimwa kwefodya Kurimwa kwefodya kuThailand kwanyanya kumatunhu ekuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo diki dziri pakati nepakati nekumaodzanyemba.
Kune mapoka matatu ekurimwa kwefodya:
1) Kurimwa pasi pechikamu cheHurumende Fodya Monopoly (TTM) inotengeswa kumahofisi eTTM,
2) Minda yekuzvirima inotengeswa kumafekitari efodya akachekwa,
3) Kurimwa pasi pechikamu chemakambani akazvimirira, ekutumira kune dzimwe nyika.
Kune masangano akati wandei ane chekuita nekurima fodya:
1) Dhipatimendi reExcise, Ministry of Finance.
Ani nani anoda kurima fodya anofanira kunge aine rezinesi rinopihwa neveExcise Department. Bazi reExcise Department ndiro rinotarawo nzvimbo inorimwa fodya, uyewo rinotara mhando yefodya ichagadzirwa munzvimbo imwe neimwe.
2) Iyo Hurumende Fodya Monopoly, Ministry of Finance.
Sangano iri rinotara marimi efodya, uye rinopa mazano nerutsigiro kuvarimi vefodya kuti vabure mashizha efodya akanaka. Kune mahofisi gumi nemaviri ematunhu eTTM ari munzvimbo dzakarimwa kuti ashande pamwe chete nevarimi ava.
3) Makambani akazvimirira.
Makambani aya anotarawo mavhoti uye anochengetedza kunaka kwemashizha efodya, sezvinoitwa neTTM. Nekudaro, zvese izvi zvigadzirwa zvichatengeswa kune dzimwe nyika. "
Pamwe kune vaverengi vemablog avo – vanogara munzvimbo dzinorimwa fodya – vanokwanisa kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro pezvakanakira varimi.
@Gringo, kana ndangoona chirimwa chefodya ndichataura nemurimi wefodya ndione kana ndingawana mhinduro kumubvunzo une chekuita nekukosheswa. mihoro nemupunga.
Ndinobva ndabvunza kuti mufodya unoshandiswa here kana kuti kwete mishonga iri kutengeswa.
Kwaziwai.
NicoB
Wadiwa NicoB
Ini ndinotengawo fodya yangu pamusika wemuno, muno muCha am pane imwe chete yandinoziva inoitengesa.
Uye anongovapo neMugovera mangwanani, asi ane fodya yakawanda, ndinofungidzira anenge 15 kusvika ku20 kilos. Inodhura 60 baht pamagiramu zana. Ndinotenga hafu yekirogiramu kamwe chete mavhiki mashanu.
MuKhanom (Nakhon si thammarat) maive nevakawanda vaitengesa fodya mumisika yakasiyana asi vaingova nehuwandu hushoma. Dambudziko rakawanda kuwana mapepa ekukungurusa akakodzera, kureva mapepa ane mupendero wekunamatira. Mutengesi muCha am anotengesa marudzi ese kubva pabepa kuenda kune bamboo, asi kwete ayo ane anonamira mipendero.
Ndawana mhinduro pane izvi.Ndakambowana mapepa ekukunguruka eCatbrand (yellow and red packets ane katsi nhema) anewo nhamba dzenhare uye kuburikidza nenhamba iyoyo musikana wangu akakwanisa kuhodha mabhokisi mashoma. Haana kuunzwa kumba asi kuburikidza nekuonana nemumwe wevatakuri vavo kana vari padhuze kuti vaunze maodha. Ndakava navo mumazuva mashoma.
Kune avo vanofarira Hun Tel: 0-2812-5355 Piangchai Indasitiri.
Zvakaita George
Mhoroi mose! Ndakamboona munda wefodya kuNorthern Thailand, asi handizivi kunaka kwayo.
Muna 1968, '69 na'70 ndakaenda kunotora fodya papurazi refodya muCanada uye ndinogona kukuudza chimwe chinhu pamusoro peizvi.
Miti yacho inokura mu greenhouse uye inodyarwa mumunda muna May. Ivhu rakakodzera kufodya ivhu rakareruka, jecha uye rinonyanya kupihwa madiridziro ekubvisa mvura yakawandisa. Chirimwa chinokura chine midzi yakawanda isina kudzika muvhu rejecha uye nokudaro chinotapukira kumvura zhinji, mhepo uye chando chehusiku. Kazhinji, chirimwa chakakura zvakakwana chine mashizha makumi maviri nerimwe uye chiri (muCanada icho chiri) chinenge 21m1 kureba, zvichienderana nemhando. Pakutanga kwaAugust takatanga kunhonga, kutanga kubva pasi uye pamashizha matatu. Saka minda yese yakafambiswa kanomwe kusvika pakupera kwevhiki rechitatu raGunyana. Mushure mekutanha, mashizha anoomeswa mukabati yekuomesa (muCanada ine propylene burners) kwemazuva manomwe. Mushure mezvo zvakaunganidzwa mudura kusvika Gumiguru pavakatanga kurongedza neruvara. Uye kubva munaNovember mabhero efodya akatengeswa muhoro yeauction.
MuCanada, kudyara kwakatorambidzwa muna 1970 neBazi rezvekurima kudzivirira kuwandisa. Inofanira kutaura ipapo kuti fodya muThailand yakasiyana nekukura kwemavara.
Kwaziwai. Bart.
Kuenzanisa kurimwa kwefodya kwa1971 nekwanhasi kuri nyore.
muna 1971 matani mamiriyoni 4,2.
Iye zvino mamiriyoni manomwe ematani.
Asi zvichida kwaiva nenhamba yepamusorosoro yematani mamiriyoni gumi mugore ra2000, uye yave ichiderera kubvira ipapo.
Handisi kuti ndizvo zvazviri, nokuti handizivi nhamba dzacho, asi kuenzanisa 1971 nemakore makumi mana nematanhatu gare gare uye kugumisa kuti kurima kuchiri kuwedzera, hazviratidziki zvakanaka kwandiri.
Fodya inorimwa mubani reMekong, iyo isingazofashukidze nekuda kwekuvakwa kwemadhamu. Ndagara ndichityaira ndichipfuura nedunhu reNongkhai. Mushure mekukohwa, fodya inoradzikwa kuti iome pamatafura emapuranga mumunda, uyezve pamatanho egreen horticultural padyo nemugwagwa mumisha. Vanewo makabheji ikoko.
Ndine fungidziro yekuti goho racho idiki zvekuti fodya iri kupihwa kumisika yemuno pasina kugadziridzwa uye pasina ruzivo rweTobacco Monopoly Office pamwe nekumaruwa. Ndakamboedza kusvira fodya mupombi yangu kamwe chete, yakachipa, asi hutsi hwacho hwakanyanya kupinza ndichibva ndangomira...
Gore rakapera, ndichishanyira sekuru vangu kuNong Khai. Pedyo nemba yake pane munda mukuru wefodya. Yaingova nguva yekukohwa uye hongu, mashizha akanga achioma, pamapikiti emapuranga, muzuva. Zuva nezuva, mangwanani-ngwanani, pachiedza chekutanga chezuva, vakanga vatova kubasa. Masikati, mashizha, ayo akanga aoma kwemazuva pazuva, aikuyiwa nechigayo chaicho chaiita ruzha rwegehena. Uye pakanga paine kuimba kunofadza .... kwakanaka kuona nekunzwa ...
Ndakaedza kusvuta fodya iyi mufodya wakazvimonera: hazvigoneke… kusimba zvakanyanya. Ini ndinofunga inosanganiswa mushure meimwe, isina kusimba mhando nekuti ini handioni anogona kuputa chinhu chakadaro muchimiro chayo chakachena. Sekuru vangu vakakurudzira kutenga makirogiramu mashoma, hapana kana mari iripo. Asi ndatenda nazvo…. kwandiri yakanga isina utsi zvachose.
Fodya yakawanda inorimwa mumisha yakatenderedza ThaBo mudunhu reNongKhai. Zvirokwazvo kwete chete pamwe chete neMekong, asiwo kure mukati menyika. Nguva yekukohwa ndiFebruary-March. Masikati yakaomeswa uye unonzwa kunhuwa kwose kwose. Inonyanya kugadziriswa manheru uye usiku. Unogona kuona magetsi achibvira padzimba dzinenge dzese nevanhu vekubasa.
Zvechokwadi haisi diki-diki uye chete yemusika wemuno.
Pedyo neMekong, ma<em>cillie akawanda anorimwa.
Fodya inorimwa zvakare mu ampheu Kaset Sombun, Chaiyaphum. Mashizha efodya akakohwewa ikoko kutanga kwemwedzi uno.
Mumafirimu ndakaona kuti muUS mashizha akaturikwa pahunde kuti aome mushure mekukohwa, asi mune iyi ampheu vanozviita zvakasiyana. Pakarepo mushure mekukohwa, madzinde uye mazhinji epakati zvakatanga kubviswa nemutengo we ฿6 pamashizha zana. Mushure memazuva mana, mashizha (mumipumburu yezvimedu gumi) aikuyiwa oiswa pamatafura (akaderera) emawicker emushenjere kuti aome muzuva kwemazuva matatu. Famba pamusoro payo kana kwatanga kunaya. Pagoho rezvirimwa zvefodya 100 zvakaburitsa masaga 4 10kg akatengeswa kune mutengesi ne3 pakg. Saka zvakazara 8000 x 169 x ฿10 = ฿110.
Ini hapana chandinogona kutaura nezve quality yacho, handichasvuti.