Iyo novel 'Madzimambo mana' naMR Kukrit Pramoj, wongororo pfupi

'Madzimambo mana' naKukrit Pramoj ingangove inonyanyo kuzivikanwa riini muThailand. Anenge munhu wese akambozvinzwa, vazhinji vakaverenga bhuku kana kuona yakanaka firimu yakatevedzana nezvehupenyu hwaMae Phloi.

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Novel 'Madzimambo mana' naKukrit Pramoj

Iri bhuku raKukrit Pramoj rakandifadza chaizvo munzira dzinoverengeka, kunyangwe mushure mekuriverenga kakati wandei. Inyaya yakanyorwa zvakanaka ine zvinhu zvinosetsa uye dzimwe nguva kutsvinya, ine mavara ehupenyu hwemazuva ose uye kubva kuvakuru uye vanhu vane maitiro akanaka neakaipa. Asi munhu wose anorondedzerwa netsitsi uye kunzwisisa.

Zvakandidzidzisawo zvimwe pamusoro pemakore makumi mashanu ekutanga ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, ayo aive akakosha kune gare gare magariro nezvematongerwo enyika muThailand. Kukrit anotsanangura shanduko munharaunda yeThai panguva iyoyo zvichibva pakuuya kwemutambi mukuru, Mae Phloi, nhengo dzemhuri yake uye kunyanya vana vake vana avo vese vanotevera nzira yakasiyana, nzira yakasiyana kwazvo neinotsanangurwa netsika dzechiThai yekare.

Iko kunetsana kuri pakati peiyo tsika yekare yeThai iyo Mae Phloi anoomerera kwairi uye neshanduko dzakawanda dzinouya nenzira yake inoumba dingindira guru rebhuku. Kukrit anobudirira kutsanangura kusawirirana kwese kuri pakati pevanhu ava uye mamiriro ezvinhu nenzira inofadza, kunyange zvazvo zviri pachena kuti zvaanoda ndepapi: royalist, hierarchical society structure apo chisiri chinhu chakashata kurega humwe rusununguko rwemunhu kuti uwedzere kuwirirana. .

Kukrit inosimbisa chokwadi chisinganzvengeki chehupenyu: kuberekwa, kurwara, kukwegura uye kufa. Asi anotsanangurawo mafaro eupenyu: muchato nevana, kudzidza uye kushanda, kubuda uye kunakidzwa.

Kukrit inonakidza inobatanidza chokwadi chenhoroondo nezvinozoitika zvemunhu nenzira inoyeuchidza yaTolstoy. Hondo uye Rugare yeuchidza. Rinotidzidzisa zvakawanda nezvekuchinja kwakaitika panguva iyoyo.

MR Kukrit Pramoj (1911-1995) aiva murume ane zvakawanda-siyana. Aive munyori wemanovhero mazhinji nemabhuku nezve tsika nenhoroondo yeThailand. Statesman uye Prime Minister weThailand 1975-6. Mutori wenhau uye anofarira mushandi we classical khon (โขน, khǒon) kutamba.

Muna 1950 akavamba pepanhau rezuva nezuva rinonzi Siam Rath, umo akanyora kazhinji kazhinji zvinyorwa zvinotsoropodza. Nyaya iyi yakabudawo muzvikamu zvishoma isati yaburitswa sebhuku muna 1953.

Zita rake MR, Momrachawong, rinoratidza kwaakabva humambo: aive muzukuru chibvi waMambo Rama II. Aive akatendeseka wehumambo. Chirevo chake chine mukurumbira ndechekuti: รู้ที่สูงรู้ที่ต่ำ  róe: thîe sǒe:ng róe: thîe tàm, 'anoziva kubva kumusoro uye anoziva kubva pasi'.

Dudziro yeChirungu yebhuku rake ine mapeji mazana matanhatu, rombo rakanaka rakapfupikiswa zvakanyanya muchiThai edition.

Nyaya yehupenyu hwaMae Phloi

Iwo 'Madzimambo mana' anorondedzera hupenyu hwaMae Phloi panguva yekutonga kwemadzimambo mana, Rama V (Chulalongkorn) kusvika kuRama VIII (Ananda Mahidol), angangoita 1898 kusvika June 9, 1946.

Hudiki hwake

Amai vaPhloi mumwe chete mia noi, murongo wemurume anokudzwa, Chao Khun. Anowedzera kuona basa rake sekunyadzisa uye anosarudza kusiya murume wake apo Phloi ane makore manomwe.

'Igwa rakanga richikwira nerwizi Chao Phraya apo mai vaPhloi vakati kwaari, “Nyatsoteerera, Phloi. Kana nguva yekuti utore murume yasvika, iva nechokwadi chekuti murume ane moyo mumwe chete. Gara kure nevadiwa vakuru vane vakadzi vazhinji, ukasadaro uchatambura saamai vako.'  Mushure mekumbomira zvishoma akabva awedzera 'Uye haufanirwe kuve murongo wemurume, mia noi. Never! Unondinzwa here?'  Phloi haateereri, anongoteerera kune hupenyu hunofadza parwizi uye temberi.

Ipapo vanoenda nechikepe kuMuzinda Mukuru kunogara Mambo Chulalongkorn ari iye ega murume ane zana nevarongo vake nevana vazhinji. Phloi anoita basa ipapo semukadzi ari kuuya-mu-akamirira uye mubatsiri. Varandakadzi vakawanda vanogarawo mumuzinda wamambo.

Paanopinda mumuzinda, Phloi netsaona anotsika pachikumbaridzo chegedhi remuzinda, izvo zvinogona kutsamwisa midzimu yakapihwa basa rekuchengetedza imba yamambo. Munhu wose anomutarisa achimhura pakutanga, asi ipapo anomukanganwira uye kunyange kuseka pamusoro pazvo.

Amai vaPhloi vanotanga chitoro chenoodles kumwewo, vanoroora ndokufa nguva pfupi mushure mekusununguka.

Rama V (Chulalongkorn) – DMstudio House / Shutterstock.com

Phloi ane hupenyu hunofadza mumuzinda. Anoshamwaridzana naChoi, munhu asingatauri uye anosetsa anowanzo kuseka vanhu vane mbiri mumuzinda netsika dzavo dzakakosha nemashoko, izvo zvinomuwanira kutuka kwakawanda uye kunyemwerera. Dzimwe nguva Phloi anoshanyira imba yevabereki aine kumwe kusemesa nekuda kwemaitiro emunin'ina wake Chit uye kunyadziswa kwaanofanira kutsungirira kubva kune hanzvadzi yake yakakura Un, uyo anoramba achimuyeuchidza kuti anongova mwanasikana wemia. isu.

Chit akapindwa muropa neopium, inowanikwa pachena panguva iyoyo. Anobata hosha yehure, yainzi 'hosha yemukadzi' panguva iyoyo

Rudo newanano

Choi ane mukoma, Nueng. Phloi, ane makore gumi nematanhatu okukura, naNueng vanodanana, vanoreurura rudo rwavo, kwete nemashoko asi nemasaini uye nezvitarisiko, uye vanovimbisana kumirirana. Nueng anoenda semurwi weNakhon Sawan. Pashure penguva yakati, hanzvadzi Choi anogamuchira tsamba kubva kuna Nueng umo anonyora kuti akanga asangana nomumwe mukadzi mukusurukirwa kwake uye achamuroora. Ane mwedzi miviri pamuviri. Choi anogovera tsamba naPhloi. Choi akatsamwa zvikuru asi Phloi anoti mushure mekuvhunduka kwekutanga:

“Usatsamwa, Choi. Zvakanakisa zvikuru kwaari. Uye hapana nyadzi pakuroora mutengesi wemupunga necurry. Munyika muno mune kutambura kwakakwana uye hatifaniri kuitawo kuti mazviri.'

Pasina nguva refu, Phloi anogamuchira chikumbiro chekuroora kuburikidza nababa vake kubva kune anokudzwa uye akapfuma (baba vake vaive muteresi) murume anonzi Preem, asina kumbosangana naye. Anozvigamuchira voroorana. Apo Phloi naPrem vari voga pamwe chete kekutanga pausiku hwavo hwokutanga hwemuchato, Prem anoti kuna Phloi anotya zvikuru:

“Gara pasi, Phloi. Ndiudze, wakamboshanyira temberi ye'Footprint yeBuddha' muSaraburi?'

Adventures yevana vake

Mushure menguva yakati, Phloi anoona kuti murume wake, Prem, atova nemwanakomana kubva kuukama hwekare waanotora pasina dambudziko uye anoda semwanakomana wake. Ndiyo On. Akazova nevamwe vanakomana vaviri, An naOt, uye, chishuwo chake chikuru, pakupedzisira mwanasikana, Praphai.

On aida kuva musoja kubvira achiri mudiki, uye anoenda kuMilitary Academy. Pakusimbirira kwababa Prem, An naOt vanoenda kuEurope uko An achadzidza muParis uye Ot muLondon. Mwanasikana Praphai anozvinyudza muhupenyu hwehusiku hweBangkok kune kutya kwaamai vake, avo, zvisinei, vanomurega aite nzira yake.

An anodzokera kuThailand aine mazano matsva uyezve mukadzi wechiFrench, Maem Lucille, uyo, zvakanyanya kumunyara, anombundira amai Phloi uye anovatsvoda pamatama ese pamusangano wekutanga. Asi Phloi anodzidza kukoshesa muroora wake. Kunyange zvazvo Lucille achiita zvose zvaanogona kuti awirirane nenzanga yeThai, saka anodzidza mutauro wacho, anodzokera kunyika yake kwapera makore akati kuti. Gare gare, Mae Phloi anoona kuti mwanakomana An atova kudanana nemukadzi 'wedzinza rezasi' uye vane vana vaviri pamwechete.

An anonyara neizvi, asi Phloi anosimbirira kuti vese vanogara munharaunda yemhuri yake.

Kukrit Pramoj - walterricsy / Shutterstock.com

Zvematongerwo enyika

An anotanga kushanda semushandi wehurumende akakosha uye anopinda muboka rinogadzirira shanduko yeSiamese yaChikumi 9, 1932, uko humambo hwakakwana hunoshandurwa kuita bumbiro remutemo. Phloi anoshamiswa kuziva kuti mwanakomana wake akabatanidzwa. Kuna Phloi, humambo hune uye hucharamba huchitora nzvimbo yepakati mumoyo make.

An haanyatsonzwisisa mukoma wake, musoja On. Anomuti 'plus royaliste que le roi'.

Phloi inounzwa kune imwe pfungwa: kaanmeuang, zvematongerwo enyika, uye haafari nazvo. Mwanakomana wake wehumambo Akarwa panguva yekumukira kweBorowadej (1933) vachipokana nehurumende itsva. Hurumende inokunda uye On anotongerwa rufu, asi mushure mekuregererwa kwemutongo iye anozosunungurwa uye akabatana nemonasticism. On uye An, kumativi akasiyana ezvematongerwo enyika, anoyananisa. An, anonyanya kupindira mune zvematongerwo enyika, anoti:

“Kune vanhu vakawanda vane hunyanzvi uye vakanaka muSiam. The system, the patronage, ndiro dambudziko'.

Nguva yese iyi, Ot anochengeta amai vake vari pamwe nenzira yake ine ushamwari. Hurukuro zhinji dziri pamusoro pekusiyana pakati peEurope neThailand.

Ot anoti: 'Chikonzero chehunhu hwakanaka chakafanana pasi rose, amai. Wakandidzidzisa izvozvo'.

Pashure pokunge asimbirira zvakanyanya, kunyanya kubva kumukoma wake mukuru uye anoshingaira An, uyo anodana Ot ane dofo, ndipo paanowana basa kuMaodzanyemba. Ikoko anobatwa nemarariya isingaperi anofa nayo.

Murume wake Prem

Apo Prem anoti kurei zvishoma, kurukurirano inotevera inomuka pakati pake naPhloi.

Phloi: 'Kana pane chimwe chinhu chaungada kuva nacho, Khun Prem, kana chimwe chinhu chaungada kuita, chero chinhu chinokupa mufaro uye chinoita kuti ufare, chingoita, ini handipikisa. Ndinorevesa. Zvese zvaunoda kuita...

Prem: "Unorevei, Mae Phloi?"

"Zvakanaka, kana iwe uchida kuti mumwe munhu akuchengete ..."

"Haa ndozvandafunga. Unoreva murongo here, mia noi?"

Prem anoramba kuseka kupihwa, zvingapfupisa hupenyu hwake ... anodaro.

Kuchinja kwetsika

Panguva ino, hondo isati yatanga, Prime Minister Phibun anozivisa mitsva yetsika. Kutsenga bhero kunorambidzwa, varume nevakadzi vanofanira kupfeka hembe, vakadzi vanotanga kupfeka masiketi ekuMadokero uye varume vanosungirwa kutsvoda vakadzi vavo kana vachienda kubasa.

NdiChoi uyo, nenzira yake inovaraidza, anonzvenga uye anoseka zvinotemerwa zvetsika. Anotenga betel ari ega pamusika, anopfeka tirauzi pasi pesiketi yake ofambisa imbwa yake neheti yakanaka mumusoro. Bhasikoro iri kuita kutanga kwayo muThailand uye vanhu vakapfuma vari kurigamuchira sechido chekutandara.

Amai Phloi vane murume anofunga nezvemwanasikana wavo Praphai, murume wechidiki, akanaka wevakuru. Asi kune kusemeswa kwemhuri yese, anosarudza hupfumi hweChinese muzvinabhizimisi Sewi, uyo anobatanidzwa muhondo nevaJapan. Mushure memuchato wemuchato, Sewi anotakura mwenga wake Praphai mumba mavo nenzira yeEurope.

Imwe hanzvadzi yaPhloi inonzi Cheui inozevezera munzeve yemurume wake kuti, "Ko sei musina kunditakura muchipinda neni mumba patakagara tose?" Murume wake anopindura achiseka kuti: 'Nemhaka yokuti ndakanga ndisati ndaziva tsika iyoyo! Kana muchida, ndichakukwidzai nemasitepisi manheru ano kuti muvaraidze shamwari dzedu nevavakidzani!'

Kusakwana kusinganzvengeki uye kusakwana kwehupenyu hwose

Prem murume waPhloi anofa mushure mekudonha kubva pabhiza. Phloi haanyarare uye anorwara.

Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri inotanga. MaAllies anobhomba nharaunda yekugara yePhloi, mhuri yake nevashandi kakawanda. Phloi anotamira kumba kwababa vake.

MunaSeptember 1945, Mambo Ananda anodzokera kuThailand kwenguva pfupi, uye Phloi naChoi vanofara vanomuona achipfuura paRachadamnoen. Phloi anonzwa zviri nani.

Musi weSvondo, June 9, 1946, njodzi yakarova: Mambo Ananda akanga afa muimba yamambo mushure mekuputika kwepfuti pahuma yake (iyo yekupedzisira haina kutaurwa mubhuku). Phloi akasuruvara zvikuru: 'Nei Ananda aifanira kufa? Nei mwanakomana wangu Ot akafa?' Anofunga: 'Ndinonzwisisa zvishoma…ndaneta…Ndakararama pasi pemadzimambo mana. Nguva yakareba… yakwana. ”…

Mukati memasikati eSvondo iyoyo, Chikumi 9, apo mvura muKhlong Bang Luang yaiyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, mwoyo waPhloi wakamira uye mufaro wake wechinguvana uye kusuwa muupenyu huno zvakaguma. 

Kukrit Pramoj, Four Reigns, Silkworm Books, 1981

Mamwe mashoko

Kugadzira sipo 'Kutonga Kwechina' (maminitsi maviri): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pr7P-N5Nic0

Nezvinyorwa zveChirungu, ekutanga episodhi 8 nezve Mae Phloi achiri mudiki uye achiri kuyaruka

1/ 1-2-3-4 (inenge 9 maminetsi imwe neimwe)

2/1-2-3-4

Ese zvikamu makumi mana nerimwe, muThai