Prince Prisdang Chumsai, kubva kumumiriri kuenda kunze
Nguva nenguva ndinosangana nemunhu mutsva munhoroondo yeSiamese. Munhu ane hupenyu hunonakidza uye hunonakidza sezvandaisagona kufungidzira pamberi penguva iyoyo. Prince Prisdang munhu akadaro.
Aive mutongi wehumambo asiwo aipikisa. Akapomerwa kupandukira mambo, mhosva dzezvemari uye dzepabonde, uye pakupedzisira akafa muurombo hwakaipisisa. Nehurombo, anga akakanganwa muSiam / Thailand pachake nekuda kwezvikonzero zvine chekuita nehukama hwake naMambo Chulalongkorn.
Aiva murume ane mutsa, akangwara, uye aikwanisa kutaura Chirungu zvakanaka. Zvese zvakasangana muhupenyu hwake: Thai nationalism, European imperialism, Buddhist universalism uye anti-imperialism mumatunhu akasiyana.
Mavambo uye dzidzo
Aive Amai Chao, muzukuru waMambo Rama III, gotwe pavana vasere uye akaberekerwa muBangkok muna 1851. Dzidzo yake yakatanga muSingapore uye gare gare sainjiniya paKing's College muLondon. kuti kwakanga kuchikosha zvikuru kuti mumwe munhu anobva ‘kunyika iri kure’ yakadaro akapedza mamakisi akanaka kudaro.
Akasarudza kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda nekambani yeBritish kwemakore mashomanana pamusoro pemabasa echiteshi, njanji uye mvura. Akafamba nenyika dzinoverengeka muEurope uye akashanyirawo Netherlands muna 1876 kuti ataure nezvemadhamu muZuiderzee.
Muna 1881 akadzokera kuBangkok. Akaperekedza Mambo Chulalongkorn pakushanya kumhenderekedzo yegungwa yokumabvazuva uye “akateerera pfungwa dzamambo pamusoro pezvamatongerwe enyika nezvimwe zvinhu,” sezvaakazonyora iye pachake mubhuku rake roupenyu. Pakupera kwegore iroro, mambo akamudzosera kuEurope senhumwa chaiyo kumuchato womuchinda muPrussia. Machinda anoverengeka nevamwe vanhu vakaenda naye nechikepe kuti vatange zvidzidzo muEngland naPrisdang somuperekedzi. Achipemberera, akashanyira mhuri dzinoverengeka dzehumambo muEurope.
Hupenyu hwake semumiriri
Mambo Chulalongkorn akagadza Prisdang muna 1882 semumiriri weSiamese kunyika dzese dzeEurope neUnited States, uko kwaimbove veEuropean chete vaiita senhume dzeSiam, dzimwe nguva vachimiririra zvido zvavo kwete zvido zveSiam. Aigara muLondon kwaakapa magwaro ake kuna Mambokadzi Victoria muna 1882. Akaenda kumaguta makuru akawanda eEurope, akataura nemadzimambo nemadzimambo, akatora rutivi mumapati, akapinda munziyo nemitambo yemitambo, uye akarovedzwa kutamba namabhiridha. Akapa zvipo zvakawanda uye ndiyo nguva ino apo nyaya dzematambudziko ake emari nezvikwereti dzakaparadzirwa. Akataurirana kuve nhengo yeInternational Post uye Telegraph Union uye akapedzisa zvimwe zvibvumirano. Bepanhau reHague rakashuma pa09-11-1883
Nhume yeSiamese, Prince Prisdang, inotarisirwa pano Mugovera unotevera kusaina chibvumirano chakapedzwa pakati peNetherlands neSiam, inodzora kutengeserana kwemidzimu.
Mumakore ekuma1884, Siam akanzwa kutyisidzirwa nemasimba ekoloni eEngland achitora Burma yose neFrance achiedza kuwana nzvimbo muLaos. Muna 7 mambo akakumbira Prisdang kuti atore hurongwa hwekudzivirira hukoloni. Pamwe chete nemamwe machinda mana nevakuru vanomwe, Prisdang akatumira mhinduro ine pfungwa huru yekugadzira bumbiro rine bumbiro remutemo panzvimbo pehumambo hwakakwana, kuenzana, rusununguko uye kubviswa kwetsika dzechinyakare. Mambo akapindura muna Chivabvu 1885 nekuramba kwakasimba uye akarangarira Prisdang kuSiam.
Mushumo uri muDutch Government Gazette 15-03-1888 unotaura chimwe chinhu pamusoro pemukurumbira wake nepesvedzero muEurope panguva iyoyo.
NeRoyal Decree ye2 Kurume 1888 no.2, Muchinda Prisdang, mumiriri wekupedzisira anoshamisa uye mushumiri mukuru weHumambo Hwake Mambo weSiam, akagadzwa Knight Grand Cross yeOrder yeNetherlands Shumba kuDare reDutch.
Shanda muSiam neMalaysia
Prisdang akatanga kushanda semutungamiriri wePost and Telegraph Service. Akazoshanda kune imwe kambani yeBritish muMalaysia kwenguva yakati.
Runyerekupe rwakaramba ruchitenderera pamusoro pezvinetso zvake zvemari. Anonziwo ane hukama naSri, chirikadzi yeshamwari yake, uyo akambokumbirwa naMambo Chulalongkorn kuti abatane nevakadzi vake asi akaramba. Prisdang agara achiramba kuti vakaita zvepabonde: aive shamwariwo zvake.
Panguva ino, Prisdang akataurawo achipokana nebarika, barika, nekuti izvi zvaizoita kuti hukama hwezvematongerwo enyika huve hwemunhu. Vazhinji vaifungira kuti akanga atengesa mambo. Muna Gumiguru 1896 akaenda kuIndia uye gare gare Ceylon uye akagadzwa semumongi
Monk muIndia neCeylon (Sri Lanka)
Musi wa5 Mbudzi, 1896, Prisdang akagadzwa semumongi aine zita remumongi Jinavaravamsa. Makore ese apfuura, Prisdang akaramba achichinjana matsamba naMambo Chulalongkorn uye kunyangwe mushure mekutanga uku akanyorera mambo.
Muna Kubvumbi 1897, Mambo akashanyira Ceylon parwendo rwake rwekutanga kuEurope. Vakaenda pamwechete kutemberi muguta rehumambo reKandy uko kwakachengetwa chisaririra cheBuddha: zino. Mambo vakakumbira kuti vambobata zino racho kwechinguva, iro rakarambwa ndokubva mambo abuda akatsamwa.
Mumakore akatevera, mumongi Jinavaravamsa akashanyira nzvimbo muNorth India uko matongo akaitika munzvimbo dzechiBuddha. Zvisaririra zvakawanda zvakapfuura kubva ruoko kuenda kune ruoko, kazhinji nekupokana uye kufungirana uko Jinavaravamsa akatarisanawo nemhosva yekuba.
Jinavaravamsa akatanga zvikoro zviviri zvemahara, chimwe chevasikana uye chimwe chevakomana, patemberi yake yakazotevera muCeylon. Akagamuchira vaenzi kubva kumativi ose enyika uye akagadza muGermany, Dutchman uye weAustralia semumongi.
Kudzokera kuSiam, hupenyu hwake hwehurombo semudzingwa uye kufa kwake
Mambo Chulalongkorn akafa muna 1910, 'akakwira kudenga' sezvinotaura mashoko epamutemo echiThai. Jintavaravamsa akamhanyira kuBangkok muna 1911 kuti aende kumariro. Ipapo zvakazoitika kuti dzaichimbova shamwari zhinji navakuru vakuru vakanga vamupandukira uye aitofanira kurega tsika yake. Pakazevezerwa kuti mambo havangamupfugamire, monk.
Zvino anonzi Prisdang zvakare, akararama hupenyu hunorwadza. Aingova nebasa renguva pfupi, semuenzaniso semuturikiri. Tsamba dzekukumbira kuna Mambo Vajirawuth, Rama VI, hadzina kupindurwa. Nhaka dzemari nedzimba dzakamupfuura, uye akagara kwenguva refu muigwa reimba mumugero umo iye akaisa zvinyorwa zvinotsoropodza zviremera.
Muna 1921 akagamuchira mubairo kubva kuJapan nokuda kwendebvu chena refu dzakaisvonaka.
Akafa muna 1935, makore matatu mushure mekuchinja kwerunyararo kwakaisa mambo pasi pebumbiro uye makore anoda kusvika makumi mashanu mushure mekunge Prisdang atozvikurudzira.
Tamara loos, munyori webhuku riri pazasi, akataura kuti:
Kuvimbika kwezvematongerwo enyika kwaPrisdang - vese vakavimbika vehumambo uye vanotsoropodza absolutism - kune zvakafanana muThailand yemazuva ano, uko vagari vanonetsekana kuwana nzira yekuratidza maitiro akashata ekuda nyika pasi pehutongi hwehumambo hwakaoma zvakaenzana.'
Zita rake Thai izita พระ วรวงศ์ เธอ เธอ เธอ เธอ เธอพระองค์เจ้า เธอพระองค์เจ้า
Sources:
Tamara Loos, Mabhonzo akatenderedza Mutsipa Wangu, Hupenyu nekutapwa kwemuchinda Provocateur, Ithaca, NY neLondon, 2016.
('Mabhonzo akatenderedza mutsipa wangu' chirevo cheThai uye chinoreva 'mbudzi yembudzi')
Ongororo mbiri dzebhuku rino ine mhedziso yakawanda:
https://www.bangkokpost.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/1312659/ambassador-provocateur-outcast
https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2016/10/historians-new-book-tells-story-notorious-thai-prince
Vhidhiyo pfupi muChirungu nezvehupenyu hwake, kunyanya nezvechitsuwa chidiki kubva kumahombekombe eSri Lanka kwaigara Prisdang:
Chivharo chebhuku raTamara Loos chinoratidza kuti Prince Prisdang akamboonekwa sei pamutambo: akapfeka jasi rechiSiamese uye yunifomu yehondo yeBritish.
Maita basa Tino nenyaya yeupenyu yemwana wamambo wandisingazive.
Mambo Chulalongkorn akagadza Prisdang muna 1882 semumiriri weSiamese kunyika dzese dzeEurope neUnited States, uko kwaimbove veEuropean chete vaiita senhume dzeSiam, dzimwe nguva vachimiririra zvido zvavo kwete zvido zveSiam.
Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, kwaitova nenhume kare nekudzoka muna 1604. Chii chakaipa?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Thailand
Hongu Chris, pakanga paine vamiriri venguva pfupi veSiamese kuenda kuEurope kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 17, yekutanga kuenda kuNetherlands muna 1608: ona pano:
https://www.thailandblog.nl/achtergrond/het-eerste-bezoek-van-een-siamese-delegatie-aan-europa/
Uye gare gare zvakare kuFrance.
Ndingadai ndataura zviri nani '…yekutanga embassy yeSiamese yechigarire….
Saka kwete veEurope chete, kana kuti havasati vambove veEurope, asi ndinofunga zvizvarwa zveThai ..
Quote: 'Pamwechete nemamwe machinda mana nevakuru ve7, Prisdang akatumira mhinduro ine pfungwa huru yekugadzira bumbiro rine bumbiro remitemo panzvimbo yehumambo hwakakwana, kuenzana, rusununguko uye kubviswa kwetsika dzechinyakare.'
Izvi zvinotevera zvirevo zvizere zvePrince Prisdang nevamwe ivavo. Yazvino kwazvo panguva iyoyo, 1885:
Pane mhinduro imwe chete: nyika inofanira kutora bumbiro remitemo.
Bumbiro reBumbiro riri kutaurwa harirevi kuti pari zvino, kugadzwa rimwe chete
Paramende. Asi zvine chekuita nematanho anotevera:
1. Panofanira kuva neshanduko kubva pahumambo kuenda kuhumambo hwebumbiro remitemo.
2. Dziviriro nehutungamiri hwenyika hunofanira kunge huri mumaoko emakurukota anoumba dare remakurukota pamwe chete, uye mutemo wakajeka wekutsivana unofanira kuziviswa.
3. Huwori hwose hunofanira kupedzwa, uye kuti pave nechokwadi ichi, mihoro yevakuru vakuru vehurumende inofanira kuitwa yakakwana. [Iyi pfungwa inofanirwa kutariswa nekumashure kwaSiam pamberi pechirongwa chekuvandudza chaMambo Chulalongkorn].
4. Kugutsikana kwepasi rose kunofanirwa kusangana nekuona kuenzana pamberi pemutemo, kusanganisira hurongwa hwemitero.
5. Tsika dzechinyakare dzinofanira kubviswa, zvisinei kuti dzave dzekare.
6. Rusununguko rwekufunga, rusununguko rwekutaura uye rusununguko rwenhau
vimbiswa.
7. Kugadzwa uye kudzingwa mubasa rehurumende kunotongwa nemutemo wakanyatsotsanangurwa.