Vazhinji vakashanyira Nzvimbo dzeKilling neTuol Sleng Museum muguta guru reCambodia Phnom Penh vanosara vaine mibvunzo yakawanda isina mhinduro. Ndiani akanga ari Pol Pot ane mukurumbira wakashata uye zvinobvira sei kuti iye neshamwari dzake vakaburuka zvine tsitsi kudaro pashure pokuponda chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari veCambodia? Nhasi part 2.
Cambodia Tribunal
Dare iri rakavambwa kuti ritongere vatungamiri vehurumende yeKhmer Rouge (Pol Pot et al.). Dare redzimhosva idare reCambodian uko nyanzvi dzekunze dziripo dzakamirira United Nations. Vatongi vanoshandisa mutemo wepasi rese uye weCambodian. Sezvineiwo, zvakangosarudzwa kumisa dare redzimhosva muna 1997 uye musi waChikumi 3, 2006, makore anoda kusvika makumi matatu mushure memhosva dzaparwa, vatongi makumi maviri nevanomwe vakatoreswa mhiko, kusanganisira vatongi gumi vekune dzimwe nyika. Mutongi wechiDutch Amai Katinka Lahuis vaive mumwe wavo.
Dare iri harina chimiro chepasi rose asi chikamu chemutemo weCambodian. Hazvishamise kana tikafunga kuti panguva iyoyo Mutungamiriri weCambodia, Hun Sen, aimbova kadhi weKhmer Rouge uye aisazvida neimwe nzira.
Vanhu vashanu pakutanga vaipomerwa vaisanganisira Kaing Guek Ean (Duch), aimbova mutungamiriri wejeri reTuol Sleng muPnom Penh uye wechipiri weKhmer Rouge murume anokosha zvikuru mushure mePol Pot; Nuon Chea. Pol Pot akafa musi waApril 15, 1998 uye akasiya basa.
Kudzivirira
Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti kune magweta ane shungu nekudzivirira vanhu vakaipa vakaita saNuon Chea. Zvichida munhu akadaro ane manyawi makuru ekukwezva kutarisa kwenyika. Asi aive magweta echiDutch Victor Koppe naMichiel Plasman avo, pamwe chete nemumwe waaishanda naye wekuCambodia, vakadzivirira Nuon Chea.
Kudada kwehunyanzvi, kuda mukurumbira, kuwana mari yakawanda kana ... ndiani anoziva? Iwe unofanirwa kuve munhu akakosha kuti ukwanise kudzivirira munhu akadaro uyo ane chikamu chekupondwa kwevanhu vane mamirioni maviri uye hutongi hunoshamisa hwehugandanga mucommunism yepasi rose uye kubvisa zvese kumira kuti adaro, sezvakaitwa naKoppe. makore asingasviki gumi -kubva 2007 kusvika 2017- aita. VaKoppe havana kubvumirana zvachose nedare reKhmer uye vakatofunga kuti mutemo wenyika dzakawanda wakanyanya pamusoro pekodzero yetsika uye hauna kukwana pakutsvaga chokwadi. Sekureva kwake, zvapupu zvakakosha zvakanga zvisati zvanzwikwa uye simba rezvematongerwo enyika revatongi rakanga rakakura, akadaro muna 2017 mushure mekunge mutengi wake atongerwa kugara mujeri.
Hazvifanirwe kutarisira kuti gweta iri raitarisira kuregererwa nekuti zvino unofanirwa kufunga kuti haana kumboshanyira museum yeTuol Sleng kana 'nzvimbo dzekuuraya', akatarisa akasiyana echokwadi mafirimu akarekodhwa aripo kana akambotaura nevanhu vashoma. avo vakapukunyuka utsinye hwakawanda.
Kure nemubhedha wedu
Kune vakawanda, Khmer Rouge neCambodia zvakanga zviri kure nepfungwa dzedu uye zvishoma zvaizivikanwa nezvadzo. MuHP/De Tijd, Ndira 9, 2004, Roelof Bouwman akatonyora nezve GML yapfuura yaPaul Rosenmöller (GroenLinks), uyo kubva 1976 kusvika 1982 aive nhengo yeGroup Marxist-Leninists (GML) uyo akatokwidza mari yemhondi. hutongi hwemakomunisiti hwePol Pot nevasonganiri. Iri bato raida kutevedzera Netherlands nechisimba mushure memuenzaniso weStalinist Russia, Maoist China uye Pol Pot's Cambodia. Idzi dzakanga dziri hurumende dzoudzvinyiriri dzakauraya vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni zana. Tsitsi dzaStalin naMao dzinogona kuwanikwawo pakati pemamwe mapato echiDutch. Semuyenzaniso, iyo SP yaipesvedzerwa nemhondi mbiri zhinji mumaXNUMX, asi iyo GML yaive yakati wandei. Zvakakosha kuti Pol Pot aigona kuvimba netsitsi dzaPaul Rosenmöller nevasonganiri. Roelof Bouwman anonyora zvinotevera pamusoro peizvi muchinyorwa Kuunganidza kwePol Pot:
Socialism, iyo GML yakadavira kuti, yaigona bedzi kugadzwa kupfurikidza nechimurenga chine zvombo. revolutionary mass violence. "Chatinoda ndechekutuka nyika yese yemabhunu," hutungamiriri hweGML hwakadaro muna 1978 mune meseji yeMay Day, iyo yakaverengwa pamusangano muAmsterdam's Brakke Grond nejaya rakavanza mubalaclava. "Inyika ino yatinoda uye yatichaparadza mukumukira kwechisimba."
Macommunist eKhmer panguva iyoyo akanga ari mubishi kushandisa pfungwa iyi muCambodia, uye saka hutongi hwaigona kuvimba nerutsigiro rusina magumo rweGML. Kutaura zvazviri, Rosenmöller nevamwe vake vanofanira kunge vaiva nebasa rehafu yezuva rokusimudzira Pol Pot. Akarumbidzwa mumagazini yeGML yepamwedzi Rode Morgen, mumapepa, mapepa uye pazviitiko, uye muunganidzwa wakatoitirwa hurumende yake. Iyo GML haina kungotenda kuti Khmer Rouge yaiuraya uye kutambudza pamwero usina kumboitika muCambodia. Sekureva kwaRode Morgen, ine chekuita nengano dzinotyisa, kuchera uye manyepo anoratidza. Mumaturakiti akawanda, GML nokudaro yakadana tsigiro yeDemocratic Kampuchea, seizvo Cambodia yakanga yava kudanwa pasi peKhmer Rouge: “hondo yevanhu veKampuchea ngairarame kwenguva refu. Raramai hurumende iri pamutemo yeDemocratic Kampuchea inotungamirwa naPol Pot. "
Iyi tsigiro isina magumo yePol Pot yakafarirwa neKhmer Rouge. Muna 1979, shamwari dzinodiwa dzeGML dzakagamuchira tsamba inodziya kubva kubazi rezvekunze reDemocratic Kampuchea. Rosenmöller nevamwe vake vakatendwa mutsamba iyi nekubatana kwavo kwechiuto nerutsigiro.
Paul Rosenmöller haawanzo kutarisana nezvakaitika kare nevatori venhau. Zvisinei, musi waChikunguru 19, 2004, Andries Knevel akazviita muchirongwa cheRadio 1 De morgenen. Knevel paakabvunza kana Rosenmöller asina kudemba GML yake yapfuura, aimbove mutungamiriri weGroenLinks akapindura seizvi: "Kudemba haisi iyo pfungwa inouya mumusoro." Saka unoona kuti vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika uye mamwe mapato ezvematongerwo enyika vanogona kuvhuvhuta nemhepo yezvinhu zvakawanda.
Ichokwadi chokuti pakanga pasina kunzwisisa zvishoma kana kusanzwisiswa kwehutsinye hwakaitwa nevatungamiri veKhmer Rouge inotopupurirwa nenyaya ichangobva kubuda mupepanhau rezuva nezuva Trouw raNovember 2016. mutungamiriri weKhmer Rouge' nyaya yegweta Koppe.
Maitiro enyaya yacho anowedzera kana zvishoma kurumbidza gweta rinotaura kuti kudzivirira kwaNuon Chea ndiyo nyaya yakanakisisa yaakamboshanda nayo. Mushure memakore mapfumbamwe eKhmer Rouge Tribunal, moto wakadzimwa. "Ndizvozvo. Ndichamira mushure meizvi. Hapazovi nechimwe chinhu chakanakisa. Ndodzokera kunobatsira munhu anobira mari here kana chimwe chinhu?" Zvechokwadi, kwemakore mapfumbamwe United Nations yakabhadhara Mr zvakanaka. Dagblad Trouw inongobvumira Koppe kutaura uye kuramba akanyarara nezvekuuraya kwakaitika muCambodia. Pepanhau rinoda kuva nechinangwa rinofanirawo kuratidza rumwe rutivi rwemari. Mutori wenhau anofuratira zvachose hutongi hwemagandanga uye kuponda kwemamiriyoni maviri evanhu vasina mhosva.
Sources:
- Book Brother Number One, a Political Biography yePol Pot yakanyorwa naDavid P. Chandler.
- HP/De Tijd, Roelof Bouwman.
- Dagblad Trouw, Ate Hoekstra.
- Nhoroondo network / internet
Joseph, kurumbidza kwangu kwechinyorwa ichi chakakura uye chinodzidzisa muzvikamu zviviri. Ini ndinogovera zvizere mhedziso yako nezve magweta echiDutch eKhmer Rouge. Mubvunzurudzo dzepaTV, magweta akarerutsa hutsinye hwaiitwa nehurumende kuvanhu uye nhamo yevakabatwa yaiita seyakarambwa. Uye Paul Rosenmoller anga asiri nhengo yeGML chete, asiwo nhengo yebhodhi muna 2 uye '1981, maererano neWikipedia. Panguva iyoyo, GML yakaramba kuurayiwa kwevanhu veCambodian uye Rosenmoller paakapiwa mukana naKnevel kuti ataure kuzvidemba pamusoro peizvi kana kuti aende kure, haana kutora mukana uyu, zvichida nokuti hukuru hwake hwakapinda munzira. . Iyeyu Paul Rosenmoller parizvino ndiSachigaro weSupervisory Board yeAFM (Financial Markets Authority). Handinzwisisike kuti murume uyu apihwa chigaro chakaoma kudai nekuona kwake.
Josefa,
Ndinotenda nechinyorwa uye ruzivo.
Magweta nemari…
Vanongotarisa pamari chete.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko hakuvabatsiri.
Inofanira kugara kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira.
Vanoda kuita mamwe matambudziko.
Kana vasisina zvekuita vanobva vatanga kutamba, high court then lower court.
Zvakanaka, kuva nekuchengetedza basa.
Tsika dzehunhu nemagweta hazvienderane.
Munguva yezororo redu takashanyira Killing Fields uye Tuol sleng museum. Takarwadziwa chaizvo kwemazuva mashoma nezvakaitika ikoko, handisi kunyatsonzwisisa kuti kune vanhu vakadai munyika uye zvakatoipisisa zvekuti vanogona kupukunyuka nazvo. Ko handiti vaive vambosungwa here uye nei paine vanhu vari kumubatsira?
Kana chiri chokwadi kuti kune mumwe munhu anosarudza nezverufu nehupenyu, MWARI kana BOUDA sei achibvumira izvi?
Pandinofunga nezvazvo saizvozvo, Pol Pot akasarudza upenyu norufu.
Zvinonyadzisa kuti vanhu vakadai vanobvumirwa kuzvarwa.
Mhuri yangu yakashanyirawo minda yekuuraya uye iyo Tuol sleng museum. Chakanyanyoorora akanga ari mutyairi wetekisi uyo akarasikirwa navapfumbamwe vevanun’una nehanzvadzi gumi muhurumende. Izvi hazvifaniri kutsoropodzwa uye sezvandinofunga, Paul Rosenmüller anofanira kubvunzwa pamusoro penguva iyi, nokuti zviri nyore kwazvo kufamba!
Vamwe vaive "vasiri munzira" zvachose vakapa mubairo zvese ...
Musi wa30 Ndira, 2003, Rosenmöller akave Knight muOrder yeOrange-Nassau !!.
Pakati paChikumi 2007, akave asina kuremekedzwa nekuti, semumiriri wekurwisa "tsika yekubata" uye mutemo wekuti hapana munhu anofanirwa kuwana mari yakawanda kupfuura mutungamiriri wehurumende, iye pachake anogamuchira mari yakawanda uye muripo kubva kumari yeruzhinji kupfuura muhoro. yemutungamiri wehurumende, mutungamiri wehurumende, izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti Balkenende tsika. Zvakazoitika kuti Rosenmöller akagamuchira mari inosvika mazana maviri ezviuru zvemaeuro kubva kumari yeruzhinji muna 2004 kubva kuIKON, iyo UWV nemashumiro maviri.
Kurwisa tsika dzemakaro….
Zvakanaka, ipapo iwe unogona kuzvibata iwe zvakanyanya ...
Hongu Pieter, senhengo yemhuri yakapfuma, baba vake vaive mutungamiriri uye mugoveri mukuru weV&D, Rosenmöller akapihwa mubairo wakakura webasa rake mushure mebasa rake rezvematongerwo enyika. Semuyenzaniso, De Telegraaf akataurawo muna 2005 kuti sachigaro wePAVEM, sangano rehurumende rinopa mazano pamusoro pekutora chikamu kwevakadzi vemarudzi, akagamuchira € 1 gore negore nokuda kwe 'basa' rezuva rimwe pavhiki. Mushure mekubudiswa uye mibvunzo muImba yeVamiririri, akadzorera mari ye € 70.000 ye € 2 yaakagamuchira. Kubva kumutsigiri uye muparidzi weMaoist mazano kune chinzvimbo chake chazvino semutariri wemisika yemari zvinoshamisa, shanduko yakazara. Zvinhu zvinogona kuchinja, Brederode anonzi akadaro. Asi handidi chaizvoizvo kutsausa ngwariro yakawandisa mukutambura kunotyisa uko vanhu vokuCambodia vaifanira kutsungirira. Ndosaka ndichida kusimbisa zvakare kuti Joseph Jongen akanyora chinyorwa chakanakisa.
Kubvumirana zvachose!
Kune akawanda emhando idzi dzenhamba muhurumende.
Zvakanaka, vane njere…. ita zvinhu zvakapusa!
Vachenjeri... chaizvoizvo vanhu vakapusa zvikuru, vanozvitsauranisa nekufunga zvakasiyana... Asi havagoni kuita chinhu chipi nechipi ivo vamene uye vamwe ndivo vanyajambwa vemufambiro wavo.
Ndinobvumirana zvachose kuti Joseph Jongen akanyora chinyorwa chakanaka.
Chokwadi chenhoroondo chinofanira kuchengetwa chichirarama.
Izvi zvinoshandawo kuRomania, Ceaușescu, 1967 kusvika 1989…. makore mashoma apfuura akagamuchirwa neruremekedzo rwose rwakakodzera nehurumende dzakasiyana-siyana dzeEurope.
Albania… kusvika 1991, nyaya imwechete.
Chinyorwa chakanaka kwazvo uye zvakanaka kuti mazita echiDutch anotaurwa, ayo anotaurira zvakare nhoroondo yavo isina kururama yevarume vasina kururama ava vachiri.
Ndinokutendai netsanangudzo iyi yakanaka yenhoroondo isingafaniri kukanganwa.
Murume akaipa sei iye Rosenmóler uye ava vatsigiri vadhiabhorosi: Victor Koppe naMichiel Plasman.
Danny
Sei vachibvumira izvi??
Ndivanaani "ivo" uye ndiani akarega zvose izvi zvichienderera mberi kwenguva refu ?????
Pol Pot neshamwari dzake vaiva vaurayi uye zviito zvavo hazvigoni kururamiswa, chero chirango chakareruka.
Vatungamiri venyika vakabvumira hutsinye hwakadai panguva iyoyo vane mhosva yakaenzana - havasati vambotongwa, ndoda kuferefeta pasi rose, kwavhurwa.
Inoita kuti ndifunge...
Ndinowanzoshanyira Cambodia uye pese pandinosangana nehutsinye hweKhmer Rouge, pfungwa inodarika mumusoro mangu ndeyekuti: vanhu vangazviita sei izvi kuvanhu vavo? Uye siyana nazvo zvakare!
Iyo Tuol Sleng haisi imba inoshuva kubva kune yakanaka kana yeWalt Disney kugadzirwa ... Ichokwadi chinotyisa!
Izvo zvinogara zvichiramba zvakafumurwa munyaya yese yakapoteredza Pol Pot neKhmer Rouge irutsigiro rwaakawana pane imwe nguva kubva kuvanhu veCambodia. Muna 1970, Lon Nol paakaita coup yake, iyo Khmer Rouge yaive shoma, hwaro hwavo hwaive mumakomo kuchamhembe, padyo nemuganhu weLaotian uye yaive nevanhu vangangoita 5 kusvika 600 vane zvombo. Zvisineyi, huwori hukuru hwehurumende yeLon Nol uye kubhomba kwakanyanya kwevanhu vekuAmerica kwakakonzera kuvenga Lon Nol kukura, uye Pol Pot akatora mukana weizvi nekutanga hondo yevagari vemo kurwisa Lon Nol. Pakutanga akawana rutsigiro rushoma, asi izvozvo zvakachinja apo Mambo Sihanouk, uyo akapiwa hutiziro hwezvamatongerwe enyika muChina, akashanyira Pol Pot, iyo yakasvika pakuzivikanwa muCambodia uye ipapo vazhinji veCambodia vakatanga kufunga, kana Mambo wedu anodiwa akashanyira Pol Pot, ipapo Pol Pot haangambofi. ita zvakaipa sezvakataurwa naLon Nol. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, kutsigirwa kwePol Pot kwakakura zvikuru, kwete nekuda kwemafungiro aPol Pot, asi nokuti vaida kubvisa hurumende yeLon Nol. Nyaya yacho yakagadziriswa muna 1975, asi chakaitsiva chaive chakanyanya kuipa kupfuura hurumende yeLon Nol.
Nenzira, Mambo Sihanouk akazobvunzwa kuti sei akaenda kunoshanyira Pol Pot, akapindura kuti: Ndakamanikidzwa kuita kudaro nevandigere navo vekuChina. Vashoma vokuCambodia vanodavira izvozvo.
Musiyano uripo pakati pebumbiro redu remitemo neudzvanyiriri, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, munyika yedu munhu anongobatwa nemhosva kana zvichinge zvaonekwa kuti pane chaatadza. Pane mitemo yakanyatsojeka iyo humbowo hunofanira kutevedzera. Kana humbowo husinganyatsoenderana nemitemo iyoyo, hahuna maturo. Nemhaka yokuti hazvibviri kuti munhu wenhando anzwisise nyaya yose yepamutemo, une kodzero yegweta, iro richaongorora, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kana uchapupu huchienderana nemitemo. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinotungamirira kukuregererwa kwemumwe munhu uyo "munhu wose" anoziva kuti ane mhosva. Zvakadaro tinosarudza izvi mubumbiro remitemo. Isu tinotenda kuti chokwadi chekuti hapana akabatwa nemhosva zvisirizvo chinodarika chokwadi chekuti mumwe munhu haana mhosva. Mhosva yemhondi yaPutten naLucia de B inoratidza kuti zvinhu zvinogona kushata zvisingaite.Vakapedzisira vave negweta rakapinda munyaya iyi kuti ritsvage maburi eumboo, zvakabva zvabuda pachena kuti humbowo hwaive husipo chete. kuti vasungwa havangave vakapara mhosva.
Sezvineiwo, chisungo chimwe chetecho chekupa humbowo chinoshanda kumatare edzimhosva akadai seari muCambodia. Zvikasadaro, vanhu vaizobatwa nemhosva nekuda kwehudzvinyiriri hwakazara, uye ndizvo chaizvo zvatinopomera vapari vemhosva. Kunyange kana “munhu wose” achizviziva, umboo hunodiwa. Uye magweta anodiwa anotarisa humbowo mukuda kwevanopomerwa. Nekuti chete pahwaro hwehumbowo hwakazara munhu anogona kutongerwa mhosva mubumbiro remitemo.
Kungove pachena: handingakwanise, kunze kwekuti handisi gweta, kudzivirira mumwe munhu wandinonyatsogutsikana kuti ndiye akapara mhosva. Uye ndinofungawo mari inochajwa nemagweta kweawa yebasa yakakwira zvinonyadzisa. Kudaidza dare redzimhosva nyaya yake yakanyanya kupusa, asi ndinogona kufungidzira kuti kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi zvinonyanya kunakidza pane kudzivirira mbavha. Asi zvinoenda kure kure kupomera gweta nezverumwe rudzi rwekuregerera zviito zvevatengi vake. Munhu upi noupi anombofanira kubata nokupomerwa kusina chikonzero anogona kukarira kuti ane gweta rakazvipira chose chose kumhaka yacho. (Uye kunyanya kutarisira kuti anogona kuzvipa). Chokwadi chinowanzo kuoma kunzwisisa kupfuura zvatingaona, sezviri pachena kubva mukutaura kuti Trouw anongoratidzira rumwe rutivi rwemari uye naizvozvo hachisi chinangwa. Chinyorwa chinotaurwa nezvacho ndecheKoppe, kwete nezvenguva yeKhmer Rouge. Tsvaga Khmer Rouge uye iwe uchawana mazana ezvinyorwa muTrouw zvinoratidzira zvese zvakaipa, kusanganisira imwe yeKoppe. Kudzivirira vachuchisi kutora chinyorwa chakadaro sehumbowo uye nekukanganwa zviri nyore mazana evamwe, unoda gweta.
(Ndakamboita mumiriri wadhiabhori)
Pfungwa haisi, sezvaunonyora, kupomera magweta erumwe rudzi rwekutendera zviito zvevatengi vake, kana kushora (yepasirese) mhosva mutemo. Ndiwo mafungiro uye zvirevo zvemagweta muDutch press uye panguva yekuona TV zvakanditsamwisa. Vatengi vavo vaingorondedzerwa sevarume vakuru vanonzwisa urombo uye nhamo yakaipisisa yevakabatwa nayo yakanga isingatarisirwi. Unogona uye unofanira kutarisira kuti gweta riyere mashoko aro pamberi pevanhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ini ndinowana hunhu hwako hwe 'hukashama', uyo Koppe anodana Tribunal chinhu chakanakisa muhupenyu hwake, zvakanyanya kuratidzwa zvisina kusimba. Zvinorwadza zvikuru uye zvinokuvadza zvisina kufanira kuhama dzasara zvinoswedera pedyo. Mukuwedzera, ndinotenda kuti haugone kuenzanisa iyi Tribunal nedare redzimhosva, semuenzaniso, kuNetherlands, umo pangave nekupomerwa kusina mhosva.
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvaunogona kutaura zvinopesana nevezvemitemo, kazhinji ndizvozvo. Nekudaro, pasina basa remutemo wakaona kure makumbo kubva pasi pekodzero yekuzvidzivirira. Vanopikisa izvi vakatosvika kure kuhurumende dzakaita seKhmer Rouge. Funga usati wasvetuka ... haufanirwe kunge uine njere pane izvozvo. Kungova pakati pevanhu zvakakwana.