Mambo Chulalongkorn (Rama V)
Mumakore okupedzisira ezana remakore rechi19, Siam, sokuzivikanwa kwayaiitwa panguva iyoyo, yakanga iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Ngozi yekuti nyika yaizotorwa nekudzorwa neGreat Britain kana France yaive isiri yekufungidzira. Kutenda muchidimbu kune diplomacy yeRussia, izvi zvakadzivirirwa, zvirinani ndiko kupedzisa kwaNatanaree Posrithong weMahidol University mubhuku resainzi rakanzi "hukama hweRussian-Siamese panguva yekutonga kwaMambo Chulalongkorn"
Mambo Chulalongkorn
Mambo weSiamese Chulalongkorn akashanyira Saint Petersburg muna 1897 uye akagamuchirwa semuenzi anoremekedzwa zvikuru naMambo weRussia Nicholas II. Vakanga vasangana makore mashoma apfuura muBangkok panguva yerwendo kuburikidza neAsia panguva iyoyo Tsarevich Nicholas. Mafungiro eTsar ekugamuchira vaenzi zvakanyanya kukanganisa zano reSiamese mukubata nekuwedzera kweEurope.
Kwakanga kuri kutanga kwehukama pakati penyika mbiri idzi uye Tsar akabva atumira mumiriri ane ruzivo ainzi Alexander Olarovski kuSiam. Akagadzwa wekutanga Charge d'Affaires uye Consul General weRussia muSiam.
Mukugadzwa uku kwemumiriri wekutanga weRussia muBangkok, Tsar yakati: "Kugadzwa uku kune chinangwa chekumisa hukama hwakasimba hwekudyidzana pakati peSiam neRussia mukuwedzera kuhama dzedu uye ushamwari hwedu hukuru."
Alexander Olarovsky
Basa rinokosha raAlexander Olarovski, uyo akanga atoita chiratidzo chake semumiriri weRussia muSan Francisco neNew York, raiva rekutakura dhiraivha yeBritain yekuwedzera muIndochina uye kuita semurevereri mukurwisana kweSiam neFrance.
Vagari veBritain vakanga vatotora India neBurma, uye vaFrance vakanga vachishanda muIndochina peninsula. Hondo yeFranco-Siamese ye1893 yakatoita kuti Siam asiyane neLaos achifarira France, zvekuti Siam yakashanduka kuita buffer state pakati peBritish nemaFrench, sekutaura. Kwaingoratidzika kuva nhau yenguva bedzi kuti nyika yaizotongwa noudzori hwoudzori. Nekudaro, Siam aive nechinhu chakakosha - akakudziridza hushamwari hwepamoyo pakati paMambo Chulalongkorn naTsar Nicholas II.
Tsar Nicholas II weRussia (Everett Collection / Shutterstock.com)
Russian Mission muBangkok
Vanhu vanopfuura mazana matatu vakapinda mhemberero yekuvhurwa kwemumiriri muBangkok, kusanganisira nhamba huru yevamiriri vekuEurope. Olarovski akaudza Tsar kuti Mambo akapa chivakwa chakanakisa muBangkok, padyo neGrand Palace.
Zvisinei, basa remumiriri weRussia rakanga riri kure nemhemberero. Chirevo chakavanzika cheRussia Foreign Ministry, iyo Olarovski akapiwa pakugadzwa kwake, inopa zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekunetseka kweRussia pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu muSiam. Chirevo ichi chaive nechinangwa chekugadzirira Olarovski kuti awane nzwisiso mukurwisana kweSiamese-Franco-Britain uye kusimbisa zvibodzwa zvikuru zvebasa rake idzva semumiriri mukuru wekutanga muBangkok.
Chibvumirano cheAnglo-French
Kunyangwe paine chibvumirano pakati peBritain neFrance chekuremekedza miganhu yeSiam, nyika mbiri idzi dzakaratidza kushomeka kwekuda kutevedzera. VaBritish vakawedzera simba ravo kuMalay Peninsula uye maFrance akatora Cambodia. Siam yakanga iri pakati pemasimba maviri aya, sokunge zvakadaro, uye pesvedzero yeRussia yakanga yakakosha mukuamisa.
Russian diplomacy
Pakutanga, maRussia aiva neukama hwakanaka neFrance, sekubatana kweFranco-Russian kwaivapo, asi maBritish, akabatanidzwa mu "Mutambo Mukuru" neRussia muAfghanistan, akaonekwa sechinhu chinotyisa cheOlarovski. Russia yaityirawo kuti Siam yaigona kuwira pasi pesimba reBritain nokuti vakuru vakuru vakawanda vokuThailand vakanga vadzidzira munyika iyoyo uye vaikoshesa zvavakanga vasangana nazvo kuBritain.
Mumiriri weRussia akapihwa mhosva yekupikisa "kuwedzera kweBritain muIndochina kuburikidza nemadhipatimendi," Posrithong akanyora. Pamusoro pezvo, Nicholas II aitarisira kuti Olarovski aizoshanda semurevereri kutaurirana zvibvumirano kuenzanisa chiyero chesimba pakati peFrance neBritain, pasina Siam kurasikirwa nehutongi hwayo.
Olarovski akashanda nesimba senhume yeTsar kuSiam kuchengetedza humambo hweshamwari yaNicholas II. Akashandisa hukama hwake hwakanaka nemaFrench kuvanyengetedza kuti vabve kuChanthaburi. Iyi purovhinzi inoganhurana neCambodia, asi yakanga yave pasi pehutongi hweFrance nekuda kweHondo yeFranco-Siamese.
"Pasina Olarovski, hukama hweFranco-Siamese hungadai hwakabuda ropa zvachose mushure me1893, asi Posrithong akanyora. “Nekuda kwekuedza kweMumiriri Mukuru weRussia, chiratidzo chidiki cherunyararo pakati peSiam neFrance chakazoonekwa mumakore mana. Kunyange zvazvo kuedza kwaOlarovski kwakabudirira zvikuru kudzivirira dzinza raChakri, haana kukwanisa kuunza rugare rusingagumi pakati penyika mbiri idzi.”
Britain
Munyori wacho anoti, “Mafambiro aOlarovski ane chokuita nezvematongerwo enyika akabatsira chaizvo kuti maBritish asabuda muSiam.” Akaramba aine ukama hwakanaka nevaBritish uye anotaurwa semuenzaniso wekubatsira kutanga Royal Bangkok Sports Club, pamwe chete nevamwe vekuBritain. Olarovski akagovana chishuwo chemabhiza nemaBritish uye aive munhu wekutanga kubereka mabhiza emijaho muThailand.
Umambo hweBritain naizvozvo hwakaremekedza muganhu pakati peBurma neSiam kwenguva refu, kutozosvikira Hondo Yenyika II, apo umambo hwacho hwakagarwa neJapan.
Uye chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki
Russia yakakwanisa kuchengeta hukama hunodziya neSiam kutozosvikira pakumukira kwa 1917. Siam, kufanana nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzaiva noukama hwakanaka nemhuri youmambo hweRussia, yakaramba kuziva vaBolshevik.
Kwakabva: Nyika neRussia Behind The Headlines webhusaiti muchikamu
Mushure mokunge humambo hwakasiyana-siyana nevatongi vauya zvakanyanya uye pasi pevasere vevane simba zvikuru (Chakri dzinza) mukati mezana remakore rechi19, Siam yakatanga. Vakaronga kwaienda miganhu, izvo zvaive zvisina kujeka kusvika panguva iyoyo nekuti kwaive kuungana kwenzvimbo dzesimba. MaRungu nemaFrench aive achishanda mudunhu iri uye hazvishamise kuti Siam yakanzwa kutyisidzirwa kana kuti nzvimbo dzaitendwa neBangkok kuti dziri pasi pesimba ravo dzaizotorwa. Funga nezvevaFrench vakakwidza Rwizi Chao Praya nezvikepe zvehondo muna 1893 kuisa simba paSiam. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Laos, pakati pevamwe, yakauya pasi pehutongi hweFrance uye Siam aifanira kusiya zvirevo izvi:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco-Siamese_War
http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/1961/JSS_058_2h_Jeshurun_AngloFrenchDeclarationJanuary1896.pdf
Panguva imwecheteyo, maChirungu neFrench akange atobvumirana muchibvumirano (1896) kuchengetedza Siam sechivharo. Nyika dzakasiyana dzekuMadokero dzakange dzakagadzira hukama hwakanaka hwekutengeserana neSiam, zvakare chimwe chinhu chaive chisinganyanyi kubatsira kutora nyika. Nguva yekoloni yakasvikawo pakupera kwekutanga kwezana ramakore. MaRussia pasina mubvunzo angave ari cog mune zvese izvi, asi ini handinyatso kuwana fungidziro yekuti yaive pesvedzero yakakosha? Ehe izvo hazviite kuti isanyanya kunakidza, ese madiki zvidimbu zvidimbu pamwechete zvinoumba nhoroondo kana izvo zvatinoziva nezvazvo.
Ndakashandisa nemaune izwi rekuti "joint" mumusoro kuti ndiwedzere kukosha kwesimba reRussia.
Nyaya inofadza zvikuru Gringo.
Muchiitiko ichi, zviri nani shamwari yakanaka pane shamwari iri kure!
Yakanaka uye inonakidza nyaya yeGringo. Asi mubvunzo unoramba uripo: haaizove akaitwa nani? Ipapo maThais angadai akave nebudiriro yakakura kuburikidza neruzivo rweChirungu ne/kana French uye angadai akabudirira zvakanyanya. Zvakanaka, Thailand ine runako rwayo…asi zvakare nezvakawanda zvinokanganisa. Iyo chaiyo "ziva sei" uye indasitiri inogara ichi "import": Toyota, Suzuki, Nissan, uye mamwe akawanda akawanda matavi eindasitiri angadai asina kumbovapo pasina kuisirwa kubva kunze ... Mutauro nemaarufabheti ingano nekuti haugone kuwana. ivo mune imwe nyika ipi zvayo…chiregai kutengeserana kunobudirira.
Dzimwe nyika dzakatorwa muSoutheast Asia dzakabudirira here?
Semuenzaniso Philippines, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Vietnam, etc….
Chii chinobatsira mumwe munhu kana akadzorwa / kutorwa?
Rufu, kuparadza uye kushandiswa ……….
Iwe haungobvunza chete mubvunzo wekuti colonization ingadai isina kuve nani, iwe unoipindurawo zvakanaka kusvika padanho rebudiriro nebudiriro. Zvinoita sekuti hausati wamboshanyira nyika dzakatenderedza mudunhu dzakadzorwa.
Chokwadi, Jan? Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam neBurma dzakadzorwa uye dzakakura zvakanyanya? Kwete, Thailand ndiyo yakanyanya kuvandudzwa pane idzi nyika 5.
Nezve maindasitiri: indasitiri hombe yekurima uye kushanya zvakave zvakamisikidzwa neThais pachavo (30-40 muzana yemari yenyika).
Zvakanaka Jan, ndidzo nyika dzakapoteredza. avo vaichimbova koloni, vava nani zvikuru?
Saka iwe unoona Russia haifanirwe kugara ichifananidzirwa sebheya hombe rinotyisa. Sokunge vese vanonzi nyika dzakachena kubva kuMadokero (kusanganisira Netherlands neBelgium) vaigara vachizvibata zvakatsvinda kare…
Zvinonakidza kuti nhoroondo inogona sei kutora shanduko yakasiyana zvachose munguva pfupi pfupi (2017: maitiro kubva kuT - zvichienzaniswa na2022 izvozvi)…
Uye kunyanya kupusa kwatingaite uye kufuratira zviratidzo zvakajeka zvehasha nemhirizhonga yehondo…
Bere guru rinotyisa, rakafananidzirwa pamusoro sehug-hug, rakanga ratokunda Crimea manu militari muna 2014: takatarisa uye takabvumira, hafu zvakadaro. Ukraine yakaneta nesu.
Tingave takapusa sei nekuvaka mapaipi panguva imwe chete uye kuita kuti Europe itsamire zvachose paPutin gasi?
Isu takakanganwawo kwemakore kuti muna 1939 Stalin akagumisa chibvumirano chekusava nechisimba naHitler, kuti Hitler akabva apinda muPoland uye - maererano nechibvumirano - akapa hafu yenharaunda yePoland kuna Stalin. Uye ndikatarisa apo Hitler akatungamirira mamiriyoni akati kuti emaJuda echiPolish kuAuschwitz ndokuvarova negasi.
Isu hatizvizivi.
Handiwane fungidziro yekuti T anoona Russia sebheya rine hunhu hwakanaka. Russia, nedzimwe nyika dzese kusanganisira isu mu "civilized West" vanoita mukuzvida kusanganisira hutsinye nehondo. Zvinhu zvinowanzooma, uye nyika dzinowanzobatsirana chete kana dzichifunga kuti dzichazvibatsira dzimene kana kudzivirira kukanganisa kuzvido zvadzo.
Kubva pakuona kweRussia, chirevo cheCrimea chine musoro (chaive chavo, chakakosha kune chiteshi chengarava chengarava nezvimwewo), asi kubva kuUkraine maonero, zvine musoro kwavari kuti "nyika iyi yanga iri yedu kwemakore ikozvino. saka Russia ndiyo inotyisa / annexator” .
Apa ndipo panopinda diplomacy uye kubvunzana nenyika dzechitatu. Zvido zvipi zvichafa uye ndezvipi zvichakunda? Semuenzaniso, chigunwe mupayi yeRussia uye zvido zvayo uye hukama hwakanaka zvakabatsira Siam.
Nezve 1939, maRussia akatanga kuedza kupedzisa chibvumirano neFrance neUK kuti, kana pakaitika hutsinye munharaunda neGermany, vaizomisa Germany pamwe chete. MaFrench anogona kuunzwa kune izvozvo, asi UK yakatumira nemaune nhume isina mvumo kuMoscow kuti izvi zvishaye basa. Vaida kuti Germany ienderere mberi nekuwedzera kwayo kumabvazuva uye nokudaro iregererwe kumadokero. Imwezve mukana waive wekuti, macommunist anovengwa uye ane ngozi aizorohwa zvakakomba. Chete apo Russia yaisakwanisa kuita chibvumirano neimwe nyika yeEurope ndipo pavakazogara pasi neGermany senzira yekupedzisira. Russia yakanga isati yagadzirira hondo (iyo yakanga yava pedyo). Zvadaro chibvumirano nemuvengi. Poland yakaonekwa seimwe buffer, iyo Wehrmacht yaifanira kuchengetwa kure nemuganho weRussia kureba uye nekurebesa kwazvaigona. Ndicho chikonzero chibvumirano cheMolotov-Ribbentrop.
Mhedziso: zvinhu kazhinji hazvisi zvitema uye zvichena kwete muzana ramakore rechi 19, 20 kana zana rino.
(NB: hongu, kupinda kweRussia gore rino, kune mhosva uye kwakashata, pane zvishoma zvekukakavara pamusoro pazvo)
Chinyorwa chinonakidza kwazvo. Zvinoramba zvichinakidza kuverenga kuti mumazuva iwayo pasina ndege, vanhu vakakosha vakaita saMambo weThailand vaifamba seizvi.
Mubvunzo wekuti colonization inoita kuti zvinhu zvive nani unopokana zvakanyanya. Zvamazvirokwazvo zvaive zvakanakira kuti munyika zhinji dzaive nemakoloni mhuri dzinotungamira dzakatsiviwa zvachose kana kuti muchidimbu uye dzimwe nguva dzakaparadzwa zvachose. Izvi kazhinji kazhinji pamutengo wevanyajambwa vakawanda. Thailand yakaponeswa pachiitiko ichocho. Mubvunzo, hongu, ndewekuti yaive yakakosha purofiti. Kupindura mubvunzo uyu, ini ndichashandisa mhinduro Taipei Mayor Ko Wen-je akapa kune Foreign Policy:
"Hong Kong iri nani pane mainland China nekuti yakatorwa nemaBritish? Ko pesvedzero yekuMadokero inoita kuti nyika dzeAsia ive nani? Izvi zvingaite senge doro rekubiridzira kunze kwenyika, asi svondo rapfuura Foreign Policy yakataura kuti meya weTaipei, Ko Wen-je, akataura izvi:
"Kumatunhu mana anotaura chiChinese - Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong uye mainland China - iyo nguva yakareba yekoloni, nzvimbo inoenderera mberi. Zvinotonyadzisa. Singapore iri nani pane Hong Kong, Hong Kong iri nani pane Taiwan, Taiwan iri nani pane mainland. Ndiri kutaura maererano netsika. Ndakaenda kuVietnam nekumainland China. Kunyange zvazvo vaVietnam vachiita sevarombo, vanogara vachimira pamberi pemarambi matsvuku uye vachifamba pamberi pezvakasvibirira. Kunyangwe hazvo GDP yeChina yakakwira kupfuura yeVietnam, mukandibvunza nezve tsika, tsika yeVietnamese yakakwira.
Mukutaura ichi, Ko haasi kutaura neBeijing asi nevanhu veTaipei. Ari kuratidza simba nekuita tsika nemagariro - uye kuratidza kuti haatyi kuzviita kuti aonekwe nedhiragoni mhiri kwerwizi. "
NB, Tese tinoziva mafambiro akaita zvinhu neRussia.
Zvakanaka, asi isu hatizokanganwe pawn yedu yeBelgian mune iyi nyaya, tichadaro? Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns akaita basa rakatokura kuThailand, akawana chigaro chehondo apo maFrance akarwisa Thailand uye ngarava dzeThai dzakaparadzwa zvakanyanya, akanyora pamwe bumbiro reThai ndokutungamira boka rakaita basa iri raMambo Rama V.
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Rolin-Jaequemyns
Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns munhu anenge asingazivikanwe kune vazhinji veBelgian uye zvechokwadi kwete maBelgians, asi akaita basa rakakosha munhoroondo yemazuva ano yeThailand / Siam. Hans Markvard Jensen zvakare munhu akadaro akakanganwa.
Ndakakanganwa kuwedzera kuti akaita basa rakakura kwazvo nepesvedzero yake nemaFrench, saka kwete chete mauto ehondo akadzivirira kupindira kweFrance uye kukonzeresa colonization.
France yakanga yatora Indochina uye yakatora nzvimbo iri kumabvazuva kweMekong uye yaida kuita kuti Siam ive yekudzivirira. Zvikepe zviviri zvehondo zvakatumirwa kuBangkok uye moto kubva kuSiamese Navy wakadzoserwa. Nhaurirano dzakatevera Chiitiko chePakna che13 Chikunguru 1893 dzakatariswa zvakanyanya nemasimba makuru uye maSiamese ainyatsoziva kuti kukanganisa kupi zvako kwaigona kuuraya rusununguko rwavo.[6]
Rolin-Jaequemyns aiziva kuti Siam yaingove nemukana kana yaigona kupa vagari vayo chokwadi chepamutemo uye mararamiro akakwana uye masimba ekoloni aive nechengetedzo yakakwana yekumisa hukama. Mushure menguva yeshuttle diplomacy, achivimba netiweki yake yeInstitut de Droit International, akatyora chibvumirano.
Nyaya yeRussia mune izvi haizivikanwe kwandiri