(Mat Hahnewald / Shutterstock.com)
Kathoey, ladyboys, drag queens, ngochani uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine hukama nevakadzi, zvinowanzonzi LGBT, vanoita basa rakatanhamara, rerudo uye rinenge rakakura mukuonekwa kwekunze kwechiitiko cheThai. Vhara maziso ako uye uwedzere mufananidzo we kathoey. Ipapo google 'kathoey muThailand' uye iwe uchaona kuti vese vakanaka, vadiki uye vanofara. Anenge nguva dzose angave asina kupfekedzwa zvishoma kana kupfeka zvinoshamisira uye hembe dzakanaka. Mabvazuva sechiroto chekunze uye chinonyangadza.
Asi izvi ndezvechokwadi here? Kusahadzika uku kwakanditungamira kuti ndiongorore chiitiko ichi zvakadzama, ndichitarisa zvakanyanya pane chokwadi nemafungiro anobva munharaunda yeThai pachayo. Nei basa iroro richioneka zvakadaro? Zvakadini nekushivirira kwechirevo kwevaThais mune izvi? Ini ndinobva ndanyanya kutaura nezve kathoey phenomenon, asi tora mamwe mativi emigwagwa pano neapo.
Ko kathoey zvinorevei?
Zvepabonde ndezvekuti munhu ari kukwezvwa nemunhu pabonde sei, ukuwo kuti munhukadzi ari pamusoro pekuti munhu anozvitaridza sei. Transgender vanhu saka vanogona kuve vakasiyana zvakanyanya mune yavo yepabonde, sevanhu vecisgender.
Izwi rekuti กะเทย kathoey rinobva kuKhmer uye rinoreva intersex (kana hermaphrodite: kuva nehunhu hwese pabonde kusvika pamwero mukuru kana mudiki) uye ngochani. Muchirevo cheThai, chirevo chakazoenda zvakanyanya kune varume vaipfeka uye kuzvibata zvechikadzi pasina mutongo wakanyatsojeka pamusoro pehunhu hwavo hwemurume kana bonde. Kubva pakati pezana ramakore rapfuura, kathoey munharaunda yeThai yakasvika pakureva 'transgender', uye kunyanya murume-ku-mukadzi transgender, pamwe pasi pesimba repfungwa dzekuMadokero. Rimwe izwi rechiThai nderekuti: สาวประเภทสอง sao praphet song, chaizvoizvo 'vakadzi verudzi rwechipiri'. Izwi rinowanzo shandiswa iro rinongo kanganisa zvakanyanya: ตุ๊ด, 'toot' ine mutsindo wepamusoro, pamwe kubva mufirimu 'Tootsie'.
Mukutaura kwezuva nezuva, zvisinei, varume avo, nokuda kwechikonzero chipi nechipi, vanozvibata nenzira yechikadzi vanowanzoratidzirwa mumeso omuoni sejovial, kana kuti zvimwe zvinogumbura kana kuti zvinozvidza, sakathoey. Vamwe kathoey vakagamuchira izwi iri asi vazhinji vanofarira kunzi chimwe chinhu.
(Sergey Colonel / Shutterstock.com)
Vangani kathoey vari munharaunda yeThai?
Nekuti kathoey inoonekwa zvakanyanya munharaunda yeThai inowanzo fungirwa kuti kune akawanda, zvakanyanya kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika. Izvozvo hazvina kudaro. Kana iwe ukatora tsananguro yakakura kwazvo yetransgender, inenge 0.3% munharaunda dzese pasirese. Huwandu hwevanhu vanochinjika vari kuita basa rekupa vanhukadzi ishoma, asi hauna kusiyana zvakanyanya pakati penyika.
Pfungwa yekuti kune akawanda kathoey munharaunda yeThai yakakurudzira kutsvagisa kwakawanda muchikonzero chayo. Tinoziva kuti muSiam yekare, toti pamberi pa1930, vashanyi vokuMadokero vakawana zvakaoma kusiyanisa varume nevakadzi. Vaiwanzova nechimiro chakafanana, bvudzi, zvipfeko uye maitiro. Izvozvo zvakashanduka muna 1940 apo pfungwa dzekuMadokero pamusoro pemupfekero wevakadzi nevarume nemaitiro dzakaunzwa, dzimwe nguva kuburikidza nemutemo. Isu tinoziva zvakare kuti muna 19e zana remakore uye mamwe mabasa evakadzi gare gare akazadzikiswa nevarume. Asi mubvunzo ndewekuti nyaya idzi dzaive dzechokwadi dzechiitiko chekathoey.
Ini ndinofunga mutsauko mukuzivikanwa kwevakadzi uye hunhu hwepabonde hauna kusiyana zvakanyanya kutenderera pasirese. Nekudaro, kutaura kwavo kwetsika uye chero kudzvinyirirwa, kushivirira kana kugamuchirwa nekufamba kwenguva kwakasiyana zvakanyanya.
Iyo kathoey munharaunda yeThai. Dhigirii yekushivirira uye kugamuchirwa
Zvakanaka kutaura kuti kushivirira, uye chiyero chekushivirira, kwekathoey uye mamwe maitiro ezvepabonde akanyanya kukwirira muThailand, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nenyika dzakapoteredza.
Asi handizvo zvoga. Kushivirira kunoreva kushivirira chimwe chinhu chausingatenderi kana kuti chinogumbura. 'Ndinoshivirira ruzha rwemuvakidzani wangu, zvinogumbura asi hapana chandinoita nezvazvo, zvisinei'. Kana vaThai vakabvunzwa kuti vanonzwa sei nezve kathoey, 'zvinosetsa' zvinotanga, zvichiteverwa ne'zvinoshamisa' uye boka diki rinovadaidza kuti 'zvinosemesa'. Vanogara vachirova.
Kugamuchirwa, kugamuchirwa uye kurapwa kwakaenzana chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose, uye ndicho chiri kushaikwa muThailand, kunyangwe pakave nekuvandudzwa mumakumi emakore apfuura. Mienzaniso yakati wandei.
Hukama: Mazana masere kathoey akapa maonero avo muna 2012. 15% yakanga isingachagamuchirwi mumhuri uye yakarambwa, 8% yakagamuchirwa. 13% vakanga vasingachabvumirwi kugara pamba. 14% vakasangana nekutuka uye 2.5% mhirizhonga yemuviri. 3.3% vakabatwa chibharo neshamwari. Kunze kwedenderedzwa remhuri, nhamba idzi dzakapetwa kaviri kana katatu.
Basa rechiuto: Kusvika muna 2006, katoey akaregererwa panguva yekuongororwa kwevakanyoreswa nekuda kwe'chirwere chepfungwa chakakomba', kubva ipapo chirevo chave chiri 'chirwere chisingarapike mukati memazuva makumi matatu'. Zita rakadaro rinogona kutambudza munhu kweupenyu hwose. Munguva yekunyoreswa, pane dzimwe nguva mamiriro ezvinhu apo zviitiko zvepabonde zvekathoey kana ngochani dzinofanirwa kusekwa erotically nevanyoreri.
Muna 2006, Samart 'Namwan' Meecharoen akamhan'arira Bazi rezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika nekuti fomu rake reSor Dor 43, iro raimubvumidza kubuda muchiuto, raiti airwara ne'chirwere chepfungwa chisingaperi'. Muna 2011, dare rakapa mutongo ndokutaura kuti mashoko iwayo 'zvaive zvisiri pamutemo uye zvisiri pamutemo'.
(Sorbis/Shutterstock.com)
Dzidzo: Vadzidzi nevadzidzi vane humwe hunhu hwevakadzi vanowanzosangana nekusekwa. Vadzidzisi dzimwe nguva vanoshora boka iri. Zvikoro zvakawanda nemakoreji zvinoda kathoey kupfeka yunifomu yechirume kunyangwe ivo vachitoziva sevakadzi.
Mamiriro ebasa: Zvichida apa ndipo panomuka matambudziko makuru. Nezvishoma zvishoma, kathoey haakwanise kuwana basa muchikamu chepamutemo. Pane maonero mune dzidzo kuti havasi muenzaniso wakanaka. Vazhinji saka vanoshanda muchikamu chisina kurongeka, zvakanyanya muindasitiri yevaraidzo uye sevashandi vepabonde. Muchipfambi (zvisiri pamutemo muThailand) mapurisa anowanzo tarisa kune vakadzi vakomana.
Pitaya Wong-anuson ane makore makumi matatu nematatu akanyimwa kukwidziridzwa kukambani inogadzira mishonga nekuti vatungamiri vaityira kuti semukadzi ane pasipoti yakanyorwa kuti "murume" semurume wake, aisazokwanisa kufamba kune dzimwe nyika.
Sipo opera: Mumitambo yemazuva ese uye inotariswa zvakanyanya paterevhizheni, kathoey anogara achiitwa kanenge nguva dzose anoita basa semadambe epwere asingafanirwe kutorwa zvakanyanya.
Nezveutano: Hapana kana rimwe rematambudziko ane chekuita nekuzivikanwa kwevakadzi kana kupihwa patsva kwevakadzi, sekuraira kwepfungwa, kurapwa kwehomoni uye kuvhiyiwa, zvinodzoserwa mumatanho matatu ehutano eThailand.
Maonero echiBuddha: MuBuddhism, kuzivikanwa kwepabonde uye zvaunofarira hazvifanirwe kuve nebasa nekuti zvinonetsa zvepanyika zvinofanirwa kusiiwa. Zvisinei, tsika yacho yakasiyana. Mumagwaro ekare echiBhudha, transgender vanhu vanongoonekwa chete apo mukadzi anochinja kuita murume kuti avhenekerwe. Zvakare mumitemo ye227 yechirango chemongi, iyo vinaya, kusiyana kwevarume nevakadzi kune basa rinokosha. Chikoro chepfungwa cheBuddha chakajairika chinotsanangura zvimwe zviitiko zvevatano se "kutsauka" kunopupurira karma yakaipa inowanikwa muzviito zvepabonde zvisina kururama muhupenyu hwekare.
Muna Chivabvu 2013, Sorrawee "Jazz" Nattee akagadzwa semumongi akazara sezvinongoitwa nevarume chete muThailand. Izvo zvaive zvakakosha nekuti Jazz akange apedza nguva zhinji yehupenyu hwake semukadzi. Pamusoro pezvo, akahwina 2009 Miss Tiffany Universal Transgender Election inoitika gore negore muPattaya. Jazz yakanga yambogamuchira mazamu asi pasina imwe transgender operation.
Mushure mekutangwa kwake semumongi paLiab Tembere muSongkhla, Jazz, yave kuenda nezita remamongi raPra Maha Viriyo Bhikku, akataura kuti akapinda mumakwikwi aMiss Tiffany panguva iyoyo nekusimbirira kwevabereki vake uye kuti akange ave kuda kuwana. kufanira kwavari. Akanga adzidza Dhamma kwemakore akawanda uye zvino aida kuramba ari mumongi kweupenyu hwake hwose.
Abbot yetemberi yakaratidza kuti mushure mekubviswa kwakakodzera kwemazamu anodyarwa, Jazz yakanga yava 100 muzana yevarume, zvose mupfungwa uye mumuviri.
(Sergey Colonel / Shutterstock.com)
Gender reassignment operation
Mazuva ano, kune 2-3 mabasa ekugadzirisa vanhukadzi pazuva muThailand akapararira pamusoro pezvipatara zvitanhatu. Asi ngatitarisei zvakare kuti vanhu ivavo vanopatsanurwa sei nenyika uye gore.
1984-1990 Thai 95% mutorwa 5%
2001-2005 Thai 50% mutorwa 50%
2010-2012 Thai 10% mutorwa 90%
Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mari dzese dzekurapa dzine chekuita nevakadzi hadzidzoserwe mukati meatatu ehutano hweThai system.
Gender reassignment maoparesheni anodhura, kunyangwe zvakachipa zvakanyanya pane kunze kwenyika. Kuvhiya mazamu kunodhura pakati pe120 ne000 baht uye kuvhiyiwa kwesikarudzi pakati pe180.000 ne250.000 baht. Vazhinji kathoey vanoshuma kushanda muindasitiri yezvepabonde vachitarisira kuwana mari yakakwana yekuvhiya.
Vamwe vanhu muThailand vanowana mari yakanaka kubva pane izvi, asi vanhu veThai trans vakasiiwa zvachose.
Mhedziso
Munharaunda yeThai, kathoey nedzimwe nyaya dzakawanda dzine chekuita nevanhukadzi zvinotenderwa zvakanaka. Asi kugamuchirwa chaiko kuchiri kure uye rusarura ruchiri kutekeshera. Mutemo uri nani chinhu chinodiwa.
Pazasi pane chinongedzo kune yangu huru sosi. Nyaya refu uye ine udzamu asi inonakidza uye inodzidzisa nyaya.
Kune vaverengi vanonyanya kuona vhidhiyo iyi:
Ndatenda nechikamu chinojekesa, Tino. Kugamuchirwa kuchiri kure uye saka kathoey anoratidza panguva yemichato nemapati - kuti awane kuruma kwemupunga - acharamba aripo kwechinguva.
Uye vanhu vese ivavo mumitambo yekathoey vose vakadzi vakanaka uye aifanira kushanda zvishoma kuti adzidzise zvidimbu zvakasiyana.
Kathoey kana chero munhu akachinja zvakafanana kwandiri.
Chinhu chimwe chete chandisingafarire ndechekuti hunhu hwakakura hwekuwedzeredza, hwausingaone mune chero mukadzi.
Asi hongu, chero bedzi vachinzwa kufara zvakare.
LOUISE
Habari chii, Louise
Ndiro dambudziko. Kune mamwe akawanda kathoey (murume-ku-mukadzi trans vanhu) vakura, vasisina kunaka uye vasingakwanisi kuita. Vanoiswa kure.
Yakanakisa pfupiso. Zvakanaka kuti zvinosimbiswa kuti mamiriro eboka iri haana kana kumbonaka sezvaimbotaurwa. Izvo zvinosara zvakanaka chaizvo zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda.
Tino, mashoko okuti “katheuj” kana kuti “katheui” haaizoswedera pedyo nemataurirwo emashoko evaverengi vechiDutch here? "Kathoey" inoita seyakakodzera mataurirwo echiRungu.
Nemataurirwo echokwadi evaverengi vechiDutch:
กะเทย [kà-theuy] toni yakaderera, inzwi repakati.
สาวประเภทสอง [sǎaw prà-phêet sǒng] kukwira, kuderera, kusimuka.
ตุ๊ต [tóet] yakakwirira
(Ndakatomutsiura Tino ne email 😉 555 )
Uye hongu: mumutsara mumwe ichokwadi muThailand kuti kugamuchirwa kwechokwadi uye kuenzana kuchiri kure, asi zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda, nerufaro haisi gehena pasi pano kune vanhu ava muThailand. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvinhu zvichava nani. Semuyenzaniso, Registered Partnership bill is move in the right direction, but a 'marriage status version light' haisati yafanana nenzvimbo yakaenzana yevakaroorana hetero. Uye kugamuchirwa kunogonawo kufamba nhanho nhanho kuenda kugamuchirwa uye kuremekedzwa.
Phew, Rob, ndi ตุ๊ด uye kwete ตุ๊ต Ah zvakanaka, ndiani ane hanya, mataurirwo akafanana. Handifunge kuti vazhinji veThais vanozivawo.
Zvakanaka, Kees, usaite kuti nditange kunyora. Unoziva here kuti “kao” zvinorevei? Kathoey inongova inofananidzira foni inomiririra. Asi wataura chokwadi, ndingadai ndakazvitaura zviri nani. Zvakaipa Rob V. haasi paruoko.
Kathoey. A-isina-aspirated -k-, an aspirated -t- (inomiririrwa na-th-), pfupi -a- uye yakareba mute-e- ruzha, semuna 'de' asi kwenguva refu. Ehe, toni yakaderera, toni yepakati.
Ndinoda kuwedzera, zvisinei, kuti vazhinji vanoona izwi rekuti 'kathoey' sekuzvidza, kuzvidza.
Chinyorwa chakanaka kwazvo kubva kuna Tino. Inobatsira kudzokorora kusarura uye mifananidzo yakazvigadzira. Zvichida ipfungwa yekugadzira nhevedzano yezvakajairika kusarura kana kusanzwisisana nezve Thai?
Matenga akanaka, Evert-Jan, ichave nhevedzano refu kwazvo! Pfungwa yakanaka. Pamwe ndichazviita.
Inowanikwawo muThai Buddhism, ingoona zvidhori zveBuddha uko Buddha anoratidzwa nemazamu.
Unoreva here Buddha Anoseka, Ruudje? Nemazamu iwayo nedumbu hombe? Uyu aive mumongi weZen, dambe anonakidza, kwete Buddha.
Chinyorwa chakanaka Tino, ndatenda.
Makore mashoma apfuura ndakaverenga bhuku rinonzi “Ladyboys” rakanyorwa naSusan Aldous naPornchai Sereemongkonpol. Bhuku iroro rinojekesawo kuti kuberekwa ‘mumuviri usina kururama’ kwave kuchirwadza vanhu vanobvunzurudzwa mariri. Yakanyanya kukurudzirwa kune chero munhu anoda nzwisiso.
Ndinoda kuzivawo kuti, maererano nemikana yebasa, ndinogaroona ma ladyboys achishanda kuseri kwekaunda paFoodmart pedyo neni uye handizivi kuti vari kutsvinyirwa. Uye Baan uye Beyond (Pattaya) anoshandisa akawanda toms, kunyanya mumadhipatimendi ehunyanzvi. Ko makambani iwayo akaronga kugamuchirwa kwakati pakati pavashandi here?
Hongu, ndizvozvo, maryse. Ndakaverenga kuti toms, tomboys anowanzo shanda mumabasa ehunyanzvi mumafekitari nekumwewo. Izvo zvinokumbirwa zvakananga uye zvinogamuchirwa nekuda kwechinangwa ichi.
Zvakanaka, Maryse. Ndakangotarisa bhuku riya 'Ladyboys' ndikawana nyaya yemumwe wevanyori Susan Aldous. Ndinoda nyaya dzemhando idzi.
https://www.smh.com.au/world/light-relief-from-the-lady-known-as-angel-20081116-gdt32m.html
Handigoni kuramba. Tatsvaga zvishoma. Wongororo yebhuku iri Ladyboys:
https://dawnabroadbackup.wordpress.com/2011/08/01/book-review-ladyboys-the-secret-world-of-thailands-third-gender/
Mashoko
Hupenyu kunze kwezviratidziro zveThailand Ladyboys, zvisinei, hazvina kunaka uye nekufara sezvazvinoratidzika.
Mazhinji emhuri huru anoona ladyboys sezvinyadzi, karma yakaipa. Sosaiti haibatsiriwo. Vana, kunyanya, vanogona kuva nehasha kune vanhu "vanoratidzika" vakasiyana. Uye kunyangwe kana yave nguva yekuwana basa, mumwe mushandirwi anongoramba chikumbiro nekuda kwechimiro chavo saLadyboys.
Kure nezvinoita sezviri pamusoro, nzanga yeThailand ichiri kure nekugamuchira ladybNdingakurudzira bhuku rino kune chero munhu anoda kuona maLadyboys eThailand kupfuura bhizinesi revaraidzo, uye avo vanotarisa kurudziro yekufamba muhupenyu.
Ndatenda Tino, chinyorwa chakanaka. Ndakanga ndisina kuuya kwandiri kuti ndimutarise painternet uye zvino ndafara kuziva zvakawanda nezvake. Mukadzi akakosha!
Kathoey kana Ladyboy sezvavanoda kuzvidaidza ivo nebasa ravo. Nekudaro, ini ndoziva vazhinji vane mabasa epamutemo muno muBangkok mumayunivhesiti. Uye kunyange ane mutoro zvikuru mabasa epamutemo. Avo vandave ndichiziva kweanoda kusvika makore gumi. Uye haana kumboshanda muhupenyu hwehusiku. Munhu wese ane hupenyu hwake hongu and I respect that very much.
Zvisinei, ndinofunga kuti musikana/mukomana akanaka. Ndakaenda kuThailand kakawanda uye ndakaona akawanda akanaka uye akashata Katoy. Kazhinji mutambo wemeso.
Ndave muhukama hwechingochani nemurume wekuThai kweanoda kusvika makore maviri ikozvino. Hapana dambudziko mumhuri yake uye nharaunda. Sezvineiwo, kufamba makabatana maoko mumigwagwa yeBangkok hakuna kumbobvira kwaita chitarisiko chakatsveyama.