Bangkok iri kutsvedza ichivharika
Pakutanga svondo rino, Algemeen Dagblad yakaburitsa chinyorwa chakawanda nezveIndonesia, inoda kuvaka guta idzva paBorneo ye30 bhiriyoni euros. Guta idzva reIndonesia richange riri mudunhu reEast Kalimantan muchikamu cheIndonesia chechitsuwa cheBorneo.
Kusvibiswa uye njodzi yemafashama inoda kusiiwa kweJakarta seguta guru, akadaro Mutungamiri Joko Widodo. Kufamba kunofanirwa kutanga muna 2024. Mutungamiri anoda kufambisa guta guru nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Traffic muJakarta inogara yakatsvikinyidzana, kusvibiswa kwemhepo idambudziko guru uye kunogara kune mafashamo. Kufamba uku kuchadhura zvinoshamisa 466 trillion rupiah.
Unogona kuverenga chinyorwa chose pa https://www.ad.nl/buitenland/indonesie-wil-voor-30-miljard-euro-nieuwe-hoofdstad-op-borneo-bouwen~a3e9eb50
Tairendi
Urongwa hweIndonesia hunotaridzika hwakanaka, kunyange zvazvo mamwe (!) makwinya achafanirwa kubviswa. Inogonawo kupa Thailand pfungwa yekusarudza guta idzva, mushure mezvose, Bangkok iri kusangana nematambudziko akafanana neJakarta. Mufungo weizvi hausi mutsva, nekuti muna 2012 ndakanyora chinyorwa cheiyi blog pasi pezita "Roi Et, guta idzva reThailand"
Kutaura chokwadi, handina kumboverenga zvakawanda nezvazvo kubva ipapo, asi ichiri pfungwa inofadza. Ndakafunga kuti zvingava zvakanaka kudzokorora chinyorwa kubva muna 2012 zvizere!
ROI-ET: ITSVA CAPITAL YETHAILAND?
Chirevo chinoshamisira mumapepanhau svondo rapfuura, neThe Nation iri kutungamira, nezvechikumbiro chekuti vatame kubva kuguta guru reThailand kuenda kunzvimbo iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweThailand. Dr. Art-Ong Jumsai da Ayudhua, aimbova musayendisiti kuNASA, akataura pamusangano wekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga uye remangwana reBangkok, iro raanoti riri kuramba richinyura gore rega rega nekuda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kukwira kwemakungwa.
Vakataura nezvekuwedzera kwekunaya kwemvura pagore pamwe nekukwira kwemvura mumadhamu mumadhamu muna 2010 na2011 uye vakati zviri kuitika muna 2012 nemakore anotevera zvinongounza tarisiro yakaipa zvikuru, pamwe nemhedzisiro yose. Sekureva kwake, zviremera zvinofanirwa kuita zvakaringana kuti zvibvise mvura yakawandisa mugungwa nenzira kwayo.
Asi kukurudzira kufambisa guta kune imwe nzvimbo isarudzo. Unique munyika ungati, asi ndizvo zvazviri chaizvo? Aiwa, munhau yose, misoro yenyika yakachinja nzvimbo kane mazana. VaIjipita vekare, vaRoma neChinese vakazviita nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemarudzi ese. Munhoroondo ichangopfuura, misoro yakachinjawo nzvimbo kazhinji, funga nezveBrasilia muBrazil, Bonn akaenda kuBerlin, Malaysia akatamisa chikamu chikuru chehurumende kuSri Jayawardena Kotte, guta guru reLaotian rakachinja kubva kuLuang Prabang kuenda kuVientiane, guta guru reIndonesia raive. yakachinjirwa kuJakarta mushure meYogyakarta uye rondedzero inogona kupedzwa zviri nyore nemimwe mienzaniso yakawanda. Mimwe misoro inosarudzwa nekuti iri nyore kudzivirira kana yapinda kana hondo. Mamwe anosarudzwa uye/kana akavakwa munzvimbo dzakanga dzisina budiriro kuitira kuti hupfumi hwenyika husimukire. Kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuchinja capital, funga nezvesarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika munyika umo kune "kurwa" kwekukudzwa kweguta. Ndosaka Washington yakasarudzwa seguta guru muUnited States uye kwete Sydney kana Melbourne, asi Canberra muAustralia.
Iyo airport yeRoi Et ichiri yakanaka uye yakanyarara
Sarudzo yeBangkok muna 1792 yaive imwe yemhando yekutanga. Thonburi yaimbova guta guru reAyutthaya kumahombekombe ekumadokero, zvine hunyanzvi pamuromo weRwizi rweChao Phraya. Zvinyorwa zveDutch zvakaratidza kuti ngarava dzaiuya dzeAyutthaya dzakatariswa kutakura zvinhu uye dzakafanirwa kuendesa pfuti panguva yekugara kwavo muSiam. Mambo Rama I akatamisa guta guru kubhangi rekumabvazuva nekuti zvaive nyore kudzivirira pakurwiswa kwaigona kubva kuchamhembe.
Chikonzero ichocho hachichashandi munguva ino yemazuva ano uye nezvinetso zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvinofanira kutarisirwa, haisi pfungwa yakaipa zvakadaro kufambisa guta guru. Kurudziro yaDr. Art-Ong kutamisa guta guru reThailand saka hapana musiyano pasi rese. Kana munhu akafunga kudaro, nekuti zvinotarisirwa kuti Bangkok ichanyura mumvura nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, munhu anofanira kufunga nezvenzvimbo iri munzvimbo yakakwirira, kumwe kumatunhu gumi nematanhatu ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva.
Ndakasarudza Roi-Et chete pakati peIsaan. Haasi mudzimai wangu chete anobva ikoko, asi hapazovi nekukakavadzana pakati, semuenzaniso, Khon Kaen neUbon Thani kana mamwe mapurovhinzi makuru. Kufamba kwakadaro kunogona kutora nguva yakareba, Dr. Art-Ong inotaura nezvemakore makumi maviri, asi ichave yakanaka kuNortheast nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi. Pakupedzisira chimwe chinhu chakasimba chaizoitwa pamusoro pehurombo uye basa munzvimbo iyoyo. Funga nezvese zvinoda kuitwa, migwagwa mitsva, njanji itsva, airport, zvivakwa zvehurumende, dzimba uye zvikoro, nezvimwe.
Asi hongu, iyi iThailand, saka iwe unozvitaura, zvicharamba zviri zviroto here kana kuti zvichaitika?
Zvakava pachena kwandiri kuti Bangkok ikozvino iguta rinogona kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya maererano nekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Yakazarawo uye zvimwe zvirambidzo zvinotaurwa muchikamu chesumo hazviiti kuti zvive nani. Ine mvumo yangu, nekuti isaan inofanirwa kupfuura yainowana. Vanhu vanobatsirwa nazvo uye kufarira kunofanirwa kupihwa kune izvozvo. Zvisinei, inofanira kunge yakapararira kwenguva yakareba, nokuti inodhura chimwe chinhu. Saka maakaunzi eThailand anotanga kushandira mufananidzo wemubhadharo-mubhadharo uye woupa kuvanhu uye mapato anobatanidzwa.
Uye haufungi here kuti 'vakazara' uye 'kusvibiswa kwemhepo' zvinongofamba?
Kwete, nekuti kufambisa guta guru muzita kuri nyore. Anogona nhasi. Hurumende haifanire kugara muguta guru. Uye kufambisa mabasa ese ehupfumi eBangkok, mumaonero angu, hazvigoneke uye kuzviuraya kwehupfumi.
Nyanzvi dzezvehupfumi dzakawanda dzinogutsikana kuti CITIES inotamba (uye inoramba ichitamba) basa rakakosha zvikuru muhupfumi kupfuura nyika sezvavakaita makore angangoita mazana mashanu apfuura. Economically, London, New York, Tokyo, Frankfurt, Amsterdam inonyanya kukosha kupfuura nzvimbo dzakavapoteredza.
Ndinobvumirana nemi mose, asi kufambisa guta guru muzita chete hakugadzirise matambudziko eBangkok, kunyangwe hurumende yaizogara muguta idzva. Ndinofanirawo kuona kana inoshanda muIndonesia. Zvakanakisa, unowana dhorobha rehurumende rakarara seOttawa kana Canberra kana dhorobha rehurumende sePutrajaya.
Kufambisa capital hausi mubvunzo wepfungwa yakanaka, asi yekukosha kwakanyanya.
Haugoni kutonga uri muguta rine mafashamo.
Ndingapa zano here kuti guta idzva harifanire kunge riri kuchamhembe kupfuura pakati peThailand, munzvimbo inonaya mvura zhinji?
Ipapo isu tinopa chikonzero chekuti kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweThailand hakuna mvura yakakwana kumamirioni avanhu iyo guta idzva richakwezva.
Uye sezvo kuchamhembe kweThailand kwakakwira kupfuura pakati peThailand, mvura yese inodiwa yaizodhonzwa, iyo inodhura simba rakawanda.
Ukuwo, ini pamwe ndinenge ndaenda panguva yandinosvika, saka unozvinetserei.
Ini handina hungwaru asi ndinofunga kuti Hua Hin nenzvimbo yakatenderedza haingave iri zano rakashata, mamiriro ekunze imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisa muThailand uye pamwe neAsia, ndakanzwa izvi kubva kune mumwe Monk anga ave kwese kwese muThailand. Akandiudza kuti ndosaka Mhuri yehumambo yakavaka dzimba dzayo dzakatenderedza Hua Hin, zvese zvakadzikama kusvika parizvino, kupisa, mvura, dutu, nezvimwewo uye iri pakati peThailand. Chokwadi ini handifanire kudaro Ndinozviona zvakare, hhhhhh, Kubva kwandiri zvinogona kugara zvakanaka uye zvakanyarara uye ndinogona kutenderera kutenderera kwangu kwezuva nezuva ndakasununguka.
Ndiani achadzidza kubva kuBrasilia, iyo yakavakwa mumakore mana mushure mekuvimbiswa kwaJuscelino Kubitschek, uye Indonesia ine mugadziri anotungamira saOscar Niemeyer? Chinangwa chekuwedzera Brunei munguva yakareba here? Kufambisa guta guru hakuzodzikisi kumanikidza kuJakarta neBangkok senzvimbo dzehupfumi.
Thailand inogona kungodzosera yaimbova guta guru Ayutaya.
Zvechokwadi ipapo tsitsi huru kune iyi nharaunda yakanaka.
Kusiyana neJakarta, iri pachitsuwa chekumadokero kweIndonesia, Bangkok iri pakati peThailand. Iyo nzvimbo yakatsanangurwa muIndonesia saka yakanyanya kunyanya kuwanikwa, chiri chimwe chezvikonzero zvesarudzo. Kana kureba kwevhu iri dambudziko muBangkok, izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa zviri nyore nekungofambisa nzvimbo yacho makiromita makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana kumabvazuva. Ipapo iwe watova pamusoro pe30 metres pakureba. Ona iyo mepu yepamusoro yenzvimbo yakatenderedza Bangkok, kana ukadzvanya pane imwe nzvimbo iyo kukwirira kucharatidzwa: https://nl-nl.topographic-map.com/maps/rgo9/Bangkok/
Anodiwa Jan
Sumatra, iyo inenge 1.5 yakakura kudarika Java, iri mberi zvakanyanya kumadokero.
Nzvimbo yakarongwa muBorneo iri kuchamhembe kweBorneo. Saka padyo nePhilippine pane yaizove iri pakati peIndonesia.
Izvo zvinofuratirwa kuti West Irian yaya kana yaimbova Dutch New Guinea.
.
Pakati panofanira kuva Celebes. Iine zvirinani mukana wechiteshi uye yakakura dhizaini.
Wadiwa Rori,
Chokwadi, Sumatra iri kumadokero. Panyaya yereshiyo yeNorth-South, zvisinei, nzvimbo itsva (pakati peSamarinda neBalikpapan) iri pa 2 madhigirii kumaodzanyemba latitude, nepo nzvimbo yekuchamhembe iri pa 6 madhigirii kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, uye nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba iri pagumi madhigirii kumaodzanyemba. Saka mune izvozvo, nzvimbo yacho yakanyatsonaka pakati: zvose 10 madhigirii kubva kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba! Mureshiyo yeEast-West, nzvimbo inofanirwa kunge iri 8 madhigirii ekumabvazuva (iri 5, nepo 118 iri pakati pakati pe123 ne104). Ipapo iyo yekumabvazuva maCelebes anouya mumufananidzo, asi mutsauko hauna kunyanya kukura. Zvakare, iyo mepu yedemographic inoratidza kuti huwandu hwehuwandu hwenyika hunonyatso kurerekera kumadokero.
Izvo zvinoregeredzwa pano kuti zvive nyore ndezvekuti vanhu vakatove nehurongwa hwakadaro muMyanmar. Izvi zvakundikana 100%. Uyezve, kumaodzanyemba kweMadrid, kune taundi rezvipoko rine munda usinawo chinhu.
Chinofuratirwa kurasikirwa kwekukosha kwekudyara kwese muJakarta. Vanhu vanofanira kuendawo. Tiri kutaura nezve 10 mamiriyoni evanhu. Kufungidzira mutengo pamunhu pa100.000 euros. Saka kubva pakufunga kwemutengo chishuwo, asi kana icho chiri chechokwadi ndechimwewo.
Zviri nani kuparadzira mamwe mabasa ehurumende nemakambani.
Funga nezvaSurabaya, Semarand. Kana kupararira zviwi. naMedhani, naBandung, naMakasar, naKaimana
inonzwisisa zvakanyanya.
Tinorevei nekufambisa guta guru? Kuti chigaro chehurumende chichabviswa? Ndizvo chete here?
MuNetherlands, hurumende haina chigaro chayo muguta guru, saka hausi mutemo kuti hurumende inewo hofisi yayo muguta guru; ndiko kuti, hushumiri hwose. Maminisitiri eThai nechigaro cheparamende zvino anofanira kutamiswa kunze kweBangkok here? Pane chimwe chinhu chinofanira kutaurwa kune izvi kubva pakuona kwekuparadzira basa. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kuita tekinoroji, zvinokwanisika kugovera hushumiri kuguta guru rega rega nekusimbisa mabasa ehupfumi munharaunda. MuPhuket iyo Ministry of Tourism, muBuriram kana Udonthani yekurima nezvimwe nezvimwe.
Ini ndinotenda zvakasimba kuti moyo wehupfumi, Bangkok, uchave wakaoma kwazvo kufamba nekuti haifanirwe kuita chete nechigaro chehurumende asiwo nezvivakwa, kuvapo kwevashandi vanonyatsokwanisa, chigaro chebhangi, nhandare yendege yepasi rose, dzimba dzakakwana. uye zvimwe zvivakwa (zvitoro, mitambo yemitambo, mamiziyamu, mayunivhesiti) etc.
Ini handisi kuzviona zvichiitika chero nguva munguva pfupi iri kutevera, nekuti nehurongwa hwekutonga kwemvura hunoshanda zvakanaka, Bangkok inogonawo kugara yakaoma.Kana Bangkok ikakurawo kusvika makiromita makumi matatu kumabvazuva nekumadokero, vanogona kuenderera mberi.
Ndinewo pfungwa kuna Isaan; mepu minda yese yekurima ine urombo uye kuchera madhamu emvura ipapo akasanganiswa nemasango ekutanga anotema. Nekuda kwekutonga kwemvura, madhamu anogona kushanda semvura yekudiridza munguva yakaoma.
Kuziva izvi zvose kunogadzira basa rakawanda (inofungidzirwa kuti nzvimbo yakadai seBelgium yakasvibiswa munzvimbo ino) uye nekuda kwemasango iwayo, nyika dzekuMadokero uye mari yekudyara yakagadzirira kubhadhara. Mukuwedzera, kukwereta mari hakusi kudhura zvakanyanya
Zviri pachena kuti Thailand inofanirwa kuwedzera kuchengetedza kwayo mvura, zvakare maererano nemadhamu ari kuvaka China uye kuwedzera kwemvura iyo China iri kubvisa munzizi.
Asi sezviri pachena kuchengetedza mvura kubva mumvura inonaya muThailand haisi yekutanga.
Kuedza kutsvaga guta idzva muThailand hachisi chinhu chitsva. Muna 1942-44 panguva yekugara kweJapan, Mutungamiriri Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram akaedza kumisa guta idzva kuPhetchabun, 100 km kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwePhitsanulok. Akawana Bangkok ari panjodzi yekurwiswa nevavengi.
Migwagwa mitsva yakavakwa, temberi huru yakavakwa uye zvirongwa zvezvivako zvehurumende zvakagadzirirwa. Zvirongwa zvacho zvakakanganiswa nehurwere nekushaikwa kwemari. Muna 1944 Prime Minister Phibunsongkhram akasiya basa uye chirongwa ichi chakakanganikwa nanhasi.
Wese munhu iye zvino ari kuwira pamusoro peBrazil nekuda kwemoto wemasango mazhinji, asi iwe unofunga kuti chii chinofanira kuparadzwa muBorneo nekuda kwechirongwa chemukurumbira chakadaro uye kukura kwehupfumi.
Uye sango rimwe chetero rinonaya mvura muBorneo riri kutatarika seAmazon uye ndiro mapapu echipiri epasi!
Hapana chinoparadzwa! Zvirinani, ndicho chivimbiso chemutungamiri wenyika uyo aratidza kuti guta idzva richavakwa uko kusina sango remvura, hakuna orangutan uye hakuna steppe. Tinogona kufungidzira kuti chii chiripo….
Asi kunze kwekupokana uku, Jakarta iri kunyura muzasi sezvakaita Bangkok saka ivo vanofanirwa kudaro. Iye zvino kana mumakore makumi mashanu. Pasi panonyura, mvura yegungwa inokwira. Vhiki rino, zvitsuwa zvidiki zvidiki muPacific, asiwo Timor-Leste, zvakasangana kuti vakurukure zvakavamirira mukufamba kwenguva. Uye izvozvo hazvikufadzi.