Iyo yakanyangarika VOC imba yekuchengetera 'Amsterdam'
Pakhuis Amsterdam pamepu kubva kwakapoteredza 1753
Iyo Factorij kana nzvimbo yekutengesa yeVereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) muAyutthaya yakatokonzera kuti ingi yakawanda ifambe. Zvakawanda zvishoma zvakaburitswa nezve VOC yekuchengetera zvinhu muAmsterdam, kumaodzanyemba kweBangkok.
Nekudaro, kukosha kweiyo positi yekutengesa haifanire kurerutswa nekuti kwemakumi emakore yakabata chinzvimbo chakakosha mukati meVOC zvivakwa muSoutheast Asia. Kuvakwa kweichi nzvimbo diki yekutengeserana hakuna kungoratidza rombo rakanaka reVOC muSiam, asiwo kwakapupurira hunyengeri uye mercantilism yevatungamiriri veVOC.
Ngarava dzaitengeserana neAyutthaya dzaifanira kupfuura kunogara Bangkok paChao Phraya, munzira kuenda nekubva kugungwa, uko kwainge kwavakwa nhare pajecha hombe raishanda seimba inobhadharisa. Apa vaifanira kuratidza kwavaibva uye kuti vaiva nevanhu vangani, pfuti nezvinhu zvavaitengesa. Paimba yechipiri, mberi zvishoma, mutero, ungave mutero wekunze kana wekunze, waifanira kubhadharwa pazvinhu izvi.
Zvisinei, maDutch, akanga amanikidza maSiamese kuti ave neropafadzo, aifanira kubhadhara mitero sevamwe vose, pasinei nechinzvimbo chavo cheropafadzo, uye zvechokwadi havana kufarira izvozvo zvakanyanya. Nekuti iyi mitero yakadzvanya purofiti yeVOC uye nekudaro humwe hunyanzvi hwaifanira kuratidzwa. Nekunyepedzera kuti mwero wemvura weChao Phraya dzimwe nguva wakadzikira zvakanyanya mumwaka wakaoma zvekuti ngarava dzeDutch hadzina kukwanisa kusvika kuAyutthaya nekuda kwekudzika kwadzo, kana kunamira ipapo, VOC yakavaka imba yekuchengetera zvinhu kunosvika 1630, makiromita mashoma kubva kuBangkok kuPak Nam, muromo weChao Phraya munzvimbo yemazuva ano yerwizi rweSamut parwizi rwePranka parwizi rweSamut parwizi rwePranka parwizi rweSamut. zita rekuti Amsterdam rakapihwa. Nekuda kwechokwadi chakareruka chekuti nzvimbo yekutengeserana iyi yaive yakatarisana neyokutanga uye pamberi peimba yechipiri, VOC nehungwaru yakakwanisa kunzvenga huwandu hwakati wandei hwekuunza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika uye kutengeserana kwaigona kuitwa kunyangwe pakadzika kwemvura. Saka shiri mbiri nedombo rimwe.
Mukati menguva pfupi yenguva, iyi nyanzvi yezvehupfumi-yekugadzirisa yakaratidza kuva inobatsira. Pakutanga yakavakwa seimba huru yemapuranga pamatanda, chivako ichi chakanga chatowedzerwa muna 1634-1636 nechivako chefekitari yezvidhina. Sezvineiwo kana kuti kwete, asi mugore rimwe chetero VOC yakapa ruoko kuna mambo weSiamese Prasat Thong mukurwisa kwake anopandukira sultanate yekumaodzanyemba yePattani uye pamwe akaratidza kutenda kwake nekutsinzina…. Sezvineiwo, 1634 raive zvakare gore iro Logie, chivakwa chikuru chezvidhinha mufekitori yeVOC muAyutthaya, yakapedzwa uye zvinogoneka kuti mhizha nevavezi vaive vapinda muchirongwa ichi vakavakawo imba yekuchengetera zvinhu yeAmsterdam.
Pakhuis A'dam (nr.5) pamepu yechiDutch
Midziyo yaichengeterwa mudura reAmsterdam yakapihwa naSiam kuVOC kuti iendeswe kunze kwenyika, yakaita serata, mupunga, mafuta, huni, matehwe emhembwe, nyanga dzenzou nematehwe emwaranzi. Iwo ekupedzisira aishandiswa semhando yemapepa ejecha kukwenenzvera munzvimbo dzinopisa dzehuni dzakaoma. Asi imba yekuchengetera zvinhu yeAmsterdam yakaisawo zvinhu kunze kwenyika zvakaita semachira, makushe nerineni. Nguva pfupi chivako chezvidhinha chapera, nzvimbo dzekugara dzevashandi veVOC dzakavakwawo padyo uye nzvimbo yese yakasimbiswa nekusimbiswa kuitira kuchengetedza zvinhu. Paive neimba hombe yaishandiswa sedzimba dzechikwata chemauto, chaive varume vangangosvika makumi maviri, uye maererano nezvinyorwa zvishoma zvasara nezvenzvimbo iyi, paivewo neshopu yevapfuri nevekuveza panzvimbo yaichengeterwa zvinhu. Iyi positi yekutengesa, kusiyana neimba huru muAyutthaya, haina kupa inoyevedza yekugara nharaunda. Uchapupu hwakasiyana-siyana hwemazuva ano hunoratidza kuti nzvimbo iyi yeVOC yaive munzvimbo ine machakwi yakanga yakazara, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mapute eumhutu, ukuwo kuvepo kukuru kwemakarwe emvura yemunyu, achishuvira chikafu chinonaka cheDutch, aigara akahwanda ...
Mushure mekudonha uye kuparadzwa kwakazotevera kweAyutthaya muna 1767 kwakagumisa kamwe kamwe kumabasa ekutengesa eVOC muSiam, imba yekuchengetera zvinhu yeAmsterdam yakaparara uye yakamedzwa nesango remangrove raipinda. Kusvika mukupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, mamwe matraverogues achiri kutaura nezve matongo ari panzvimbo ino, ayo, maererano nevanyori ava, aigarotsanangurwa nevaSiamese se'Dutch Foolishness'.
Muna Kubvumbi 1987, akati wandei einjiniya eShell akatumwa neSiam Society uye achitungamirwa naHJ Krijnen akaongorora, akayera uye akaronga masara eimba yekuchengetera zvinhu yeAmsterdam. Zvimedu zvishoma zvemadziro nenheyo ndizvo zvakasara. Zvingangove zvakakonzerwa neiyo hesitori kuti chikwangwani chine zvinyorwa zvinotevera chakaiswa pakufamba uku:
'New Amsterdam Guta yaive imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzenhoroondo yaive paTambon Klong Bang Pla Kod, Phra Samut Chedi mudunhu. MuRuwa rweSamut Prakan mumazuva iwayo varume vakawanda vechiDutch vakauya kuzotengeserana neThailand. Varume vechiDutch ava vakanga vane tsika dzakanaka uye vane ushamwari mukuita bhizinesi ravo nevanhu vekuThai. Vamwe vavo vakapa hurumende basa rakanaka. Ivo nokudaro vakapihwa imwe nzvimbo kubhanga rekumadokero kweBang Pla Kod Canal kuti ishandiswe kuchengetedza nekugara. Nzvimbo iyi yaitaridzika zvakanaka zvekuti yaizivikanwa pakati pevarume vechiDutch vaigara ikoko seNew Amsterdam kana Holland Buildings. Gare gare, hukama hwehukama hwakatanga kudzikira kusvika pakupera kweAyutthaya Period uye ndizvo zvakaitawo kukosha kweNew Amsterdam. Nguva yakasimbisawo kuderera kwemahombekombe erwizi kwaive neHolland Buildings. Vakaparadzwa nemafungu. Ndosaka zvisaririra zvenzvimbo dzakadaro zvisingaonekwi nhasi.'
Ndatenda negwaro guru iri. Izvi zvaisazivikanwawo kwandiri uye chikamu chinodzidzisa zvakanyanya.
Ndatenda Lung Jan
Chiremba anovhiya anoshandiswa neVOC, Gijsbert Heeck, akashanyira Ayutthaya pakupera kwa1655 uye anotsanangurawo imba yekuchengetera yeAmsterdam nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa.
... Guta reAmsterdam rakashongedzwa neimba huru, yakasimba uye yakasimba yemapuranga packhouse yemapango anorema anorema uye mapuranga akabatanidzwa pamwechete, akafukidzwa nematiles, kureba kwemunhu mumwe nehafu yepasi, akasimudzwa pamatanda akawanda, kuitira kuti wicker uye kumwe kuoma kwaive, doaer zviri nani mune souden (kutarisana nekunyorova kunorova kubva pazasi, matanda anowanzo kuratidzwa pano) ngarava dzekare dzagara dzichitumirwa kuno kuti dzigadzirise uye dzigadzirise zvachose, nekuti zvinogona kuitwa pano nemari shoma (sekuBatavia)…'
Mafashamo akanga atowanda panguva iyoyo uye aibatsira uye aidiwa:
'….Ivhu rakanyura zvachose pamusoro pemachakwi ese akadzikira, achiyerera (kamwe pagore) kwemwedzi inoverengeka (nekuda kwemvura ine simba inosunda kubva kumusoro), kuitira kuti munhu agone kufamba pamusoro penyika, pasina iyo ikozvino, iyo aizoramba asingabereki uye asingabereki, sejira reNairi muIjipiti...'
Ndatenda nekuwedzera Tino…!
Chimwe chidimbu chakanaka John! Asi kana ndikave neushingi hwekuendesa chikumbiro: Ini pachangu ndinoda kuverenga zvishoma nezve vanhuwo zvavo.
Ini ndinogona kukurudzira bhuku kana iwe uchida kutarisa iyo nguva yeVOC.
Mufambi muSiam mugore ra1655, ndima kubva kuGijsbert Heeck's diary.
Boka rakagadzira bhuku iri rinosanganisira Han ten Brummelhuis, munyori we 'Merchant, Courtier and Diplomat', bhuku pamusoro pekubatana pakati peNetherlands neThailand, iyo yakapiwa kuHukuru hwake pachiitiko chekuzvarwa kwake kwemakumi matanhatu muna 60. (ISBN 1987-90352-1202 De Tijdstroom bhuku rine Lochem yakawanda, ruzivo).
Nyanzvi dzakaita saDhiravat na Pombejra (mudzidzisi paChulalongkorn University), Remco Raben (mubatsiri purofesa kuUtrecht), Barend Jan Terwiel (munyori wenhoroondo uye nyanzvi yeThailand) naHenk Zoomers (muzivisi wepadunhu rino repasi) vakabatsirawo.
Iri bhuku rakaitwa kuti rigoneke muchidimbu nemupiro kubva kuPrince Bernhard Culture Fund.
Muparidzi
ISBN 978-974-9511-35-02, Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai.
Zvakanaka kuti utaure bhuku iri, Erik. Mashoko ari pamusoro apa anobva mubhuku iroro. Imwe yeakanakisa tsananguro yeAyutthaya uye rwendo ikoko.
Anodiwa Lung Jan,
Chidimbu chakanaka uye chakanaka, iyo 'Trippenhuis' yaivewo nechikamu chikuru chekuita neizvi.
Kufanana nekutengesa zvombo.
Pachokwadi,
Erwin
Masara pamuromo weBang Pla Kot chiteshi akamepurwa nevamwe mainjiniya eShell muna 1987 aive aya eThai Khongkraphan Fort kubva muzana ramakore re19 uye kwete Pakhuis Amsterdam. Ndakaita tsvakurudzo pamusoro peizvi uye ndakanyorawo chinyorwa pamusoro peizvi kune Siam Society muna 2014. Vaya vanofarira vanogona kutora chinyorwa pano:
https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/JSS_102_0g_Dumon_AmsterdamTheVOCWarehouse.pdf
Zvakanakisisa,
Mea culpa… Saka ndakatsauswa nechinyorwa chakaburitswa naElisabeth Bleyerveld-van 't Hooft mupepanhau reSiam Society muna 1987… Sezvineiwo, kuchine vaFarang vanokatyamadza uye vanoda kuziva vanofamba nzendo dzekubatanidza madots nekuyambuka ma t. kugadzira. Ndatenda neizvozvo… Uye nerombo rakanaka kuti Siam Society ndeyechokwadi zvakakwana kuti igadzirise pachayo. Mafungiro ayo zvinosuruvarisa kuti haasi nguva dzose 'maitiro akajairika' muThai nhoroondo ...
Hazvina kufanira Mea Culpa, Jan. Iniwo ndinodzidza kubva muzvinyorwa zvako uye izvi dzimwe nguva zvinondikurudzira kuti ndiwedzere tsvagiridzo. Ndinoda kuziva chirevo chezvinyorwa (kana zvinyorwa) zvinobatanidza Singhanagari neSongkhla muNagarakretagama (muchikamu chako chapfuura). Rwendo rwangu rwebhasikoro kumaodzanyemba kweThailand munaKurume rwakavhiringidzwa nemhirizhonga yeCovid uye zvinosuruvarisa kuti handina kukwanisa kushanyira Singora. Ndichiri kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro penyaya iyi, sezvo ndichitarisira kuita rwendo urwu gore rinouya. Ini ndinogamuchira chero ruzivo rwekuwedzera pre-17th century mune yako.
https://www.routeyou.com/en-th/route/view/6889398/cycle-route/singora-bicycle-track
Zvakanakisisa,
Ndakanyora chinyorwa ichi kupfuura gore rapfuura. Handikwanise kuyeuka imwe, mbiri, nhatu dzandakashandisa kare uye, nekuda kwekorona, ndanga ndiri padiki makiromita gumi kubva kuraibhurari yangu yebasa kwemwedzi zvino, uko kwete mabhuku angu chete asiwo manotsi angu ari…
Zvinoshamisa kuverenga uye zvichiri kukosha nhasi kuti nyika diki seNetherlands inogara ichisundira miganhu kuti iwane zvakanyanya kubva mairi.
Kune vamwe, kubhadhara mutero kunonyadzisa, asi kana VAT uye mitero yemitero ichiri kubhadharwa, saka hurongwa hwekuendesa VAT huri nani kudarika yekare yeThai system, asi hongu inoita kuti vanhu varambe vachishanda uye vanoona pano ruoko rusingawanzonzwisisiki. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakavanzika kunofukidzwa zvakanyanya nemakambani anobata nemasangano ehurumende.
Kufarira kwangu munguva ino yeVOC kwawedzera kusvika kumari yangu nemanotsi muunganidzwa, asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti ndakwanisa kuwana coin rimwe chete kusvika pari zvino, rinova 1 yakanaka yemhangura kubva 1.
Kana vaverengi-vaunganidzi uye/kana vaverengi venguva dzose vane chimwe chinhu chakadai uye zvichida vasingachazivi zvokuita nazvo, ndinogona kuratidza kufarira kuzvitenga kana kuchinjana, sezvo ndinewo makopi anobva kunyika dzakawanda.
Ini pachangu ndiri kuBelgium (W-Vlaanderen), saka kuonana pano kunogona kuve nyore.
Mudzimai wangu wechiThai parizvino achiri nemhuri kuBkk, uye achabatana neni pano mwedzi unouya.
Saka anowanikwa pane saiti yekuonana.
Inenge hafu ya2022 tichabva tose zvakare kuThailand.
Kune mameseji ega munokwanisa kundibata pa"[email inodzivirirwa]", uye kune vari kuEurope ndinogona kusvikirwa nenharembozha dzinoti +32472663762 kana pa whatsapp panhamba imwe chete.
Ndatenda pamberi kune vese vanogona kundibatsira kumberi, kunyangwe nemazano akasimba.
Kwaziwai uye pamwe tichakuona munguva pfupi muThailand, Jean-Luc.