Iyo Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery

The Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery (Wikimedia)

Mune imwe post yapfuura, ndakatora nguva yekufunga nezveiyo nhoroondo makuva evaprotestant mubangkok. Nhasi ndinoda kukuendesa kune imwe yakaenzana inonakidza necropolis kuchamhembe, moyo Chiang Mai.

Uyu kumakuva iri munzira yekare kubva kuChiang Mai kuenda kuLamphun padyo neGymkhana Club. Uye izvi hazvisi masanga nekuti nyika iyo iyi Farangkirabhu yemitambo yakavambwa yaive yechipo chimwe chete chehumambo senzvimbo yemakuva. Musi waChikunguru 14, 1898, Mambo Chulalongkorn akapa 24 rai yenyika kuti igadzire makuva evatorwa. Panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, akapa mamwe 90 rai kuvaka nhandare dzemitambo. Sezvazvakanga zvakaita muBangkok, vatarisiri vemakuva vakaronzeswa kumumiririri weBritain. Sezviri kuitika muBangkok, hutungamiriri hwazvino hunoitwa nekomiti inoumbwa pasi rose iri pasi peBritish official supervision.

Kuvepo kwekuMadokero mune yaimbova humambo hweLanna ichokwadi chiitiko chazvino. Mumishinari wePurotesitendi wekuAmerica McGilvary aive mumwe wevakatanga kugara muChiang Mai muna 1867. Muna 1884, maBritish akavhura consulate ipapo nechinangwa chekuvhura kutengeswa kwe teak mudunhu iri. Vakawanda vemapiyona aya vakapiwa nzvimbo yokuzororera yokupedzisira panzvimbo ino.

Makuva acho pachawo aiva nenhoroondo inonakidza. Nharo dzepasi dzakada kurwiwa nevanhu veThai vakauya kuzogara ikoko zvisiri pamutemo uye makuva akaparadzwa panguva yeHondo Yenyika II nemasoja eThai akapinzwa muzvivakwa zvaidiwa zveGymkhana Club iri padyo. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero vamwe vevarume veiri boka revarwi vakapwiswa kuti ndarama yakanga yavigwa mumakuva. Apo nzanga yokune dzimwe nyika yakadzoka pashure pokutapwa kweJapan, vakaodzwa mwoyo kuwana guva rakashatiswa rine matombo emisoro akaputswa uye akaparadzwa. Hurumende yeThai yakamanikidzwa neAllies kudzorera nzvimbo iyi.

The Chiang Mai Foreign Cemetery (Wikimedia)

Wokutanga Farang iyo inotsanangurwa zvakanakisa pane ino saiti akarairwa panyika', aiva Major Edward Lainson weBritain. Guilding. Paakafa nechirwere chegomarara paZuva raValentine muna 1900 aine makore 45 ezera, akanga ava noupenyu hunoyevedza. Guilding, mumwe mushandi wechidiki ari pasi paLord Kitchener, akanga aita mushandirapamwe muSudan neEgypt, akanga aita basa remauto muIndia, uye akanga ari muturikiri padare reTsar muSt. Akange asvika muChiang Mai ari ega, achirwara uye aneta ari pabhiza rakaneta zvakaenzana kubva kumadokero kweChina muvhiki yekupedzisira yaNdira 1900, uye akakundwa pasati pave neanoziva kuti sei uye nei akanga aguma kuchamhembe kweSiam. Zvaigoneka chaizvo kuti akanga atumwa nazvo Kunze Hofisi kusora muhumambo hweChinese huri kuparara zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti anofanirwa kuziva kuti maRussia aiedza kusvika papi kuwedzera pesvedzero yavo mudunhu.

Hans Markward Jensen

Mumwe mupurisa anozorora pasi pedombo rebluestone rinoshamisa. Muchirimo cha1902, kaputeni weDanish Hans Markward Jensen, pamwe chete nemutengesi wetiki Louis Leonowens (mwanakomana waAna Leonowens), vakatungamira boka redunhu raivhima vapanduki veBurmese vakanga vauraya gavhuna wePhrae munaChikumi. Vakakwanisa kukunda vapanduki ava kuLampang uye Jensen akapfurwa akafa muna Gumiguru 14, 1902, panguva yekudzingirira vapanduki vakatiza pedyo nePhayao. Mambo Chulalongkorn aitenda akabhadhara guva rake uye akaita kuti amai vaJensen vabhadhare zviuru zvitatu zvemabhaht pamwedzi kusvika pakufa kwavo muna 1936.

Jensen akanga asiri iye ega akabatwa nechisimba paiyi necropolis. Vanenge vana vakaurayiwa nemhondi vakavigwa panzvimbo ino. Evan Patrick Miller, makumi matatu nematatu, aive achishanda mukutengesa teak uye StationManager of the Iyo kambani Bombay Burma Trading Corporation. Akaurayirwa musango muna 1910 achidya mutende rake. Evelyn Guy Stuart Hartley akashandawo mukutengesa teak. Izvi zvakaratidza Mutungamiriri wechikwata of the Royal Air Force akapfurwa akafa nembavha kumba kwake kuSawankhalok muna 1956. Lillian Hamer akanga ari mumishinari kuAsia kubvira muna 1944. Kutanga muSouth China ne China Inland Mission uyezve nerudzi rwaLisu rweNorthern Thailand. Akapondwa nevasingazivi musango raMae Pahm muna 1959. Keith Holmes Tate, makumi matanhatu nemashanu, aive Freeman weGuta reLondon. Akapfurwa pamberi pechitoro chikuru mumoyo weChiang Mai muna 1998.

Daniel McGilvary

Mhedzisiro ine chisimba shoma yakachengeterwa mumishinari ambotaurwa, Daniel McGilvary, kunyangwe kuvepo kwake muSiam, kunyanya mumakore ekutanga, kwainetsa kutaura zvishoma. Kuedza kwake kwekutanga kuita chiKristu kuChamhembe kwakasangana nekupikiswa nemutongi wenzvimbo iyi Chao Kawilarot, uyo akaita kuti vaviri vevatanhatu vatendeuki vake vaurayiwe. Zvisinei nekutyisidzirwa uku, McGilvary nemukadzi wake Sphia Royce Bradley vakashingirira uye havana kungotanga zvinzvimbo zvemamishinari akati wandei munzvimbo dzeShan uye mudunhu reChinese Yunnan, asiwo zvikoro zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira Dara Academy muChiang Mai neChiang Rai Witthayakhom Chikoro.

Mukona yesaiti ino, Mambokadzi weBritish Victoria anotarisa pamusoro peiyi necropolis nekutarisa kwakasimba. Ichi chifananidzo chebhuronzi, chakaumbwa uye chakapihwa basa muEngland, chakatanga chakamira mubindu remumiriri weBritish paCharoen Prathet Road, kumahombekombe kwePing, kubva muna Zvita 1903. Apo mumiriri aifanira kuvhara magonhi ayo muna 1978 nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwebhajeti, Victoria akatamira kunzvimbo yazvino. Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti kwemakumi emakore chifananidzo ichi chainamatwa nevaThais serudzi rwemwarikadzi wekubereka ane maruva, makenduru nezvinonhuwira, kana vangoziva kuti vangani vana Victoria vakazvara muhupenyu hwake hwekubereka.

Mumwe wevaranda vaVictoria vakavimbika aive William Alfred Rae Wood, CIE, CMG. Akanga asati anyatsosvitsa makore gumi nemapfumbamwe paakagadzwa naMambokadzi muna Chikunguru 19 semuturikiri wemumiriri muBangkok. Pakati pemakore matanhatu negumi nemaviri akanga apinda chikoro chebhodhingi muBrussels kuti adzidze chiFrench. Akabva angopiwa mabasa akasiyana-siyana, sezvaaizonyora makumi emakore gare gare muzvinyorwa zvake: 'pazera ramakore gumi namasere ndakazviwana ndava kutarisana navafambisi vezvikepe vane utsinye vaibva mungarava, vaenzi vakadhakwa papati yebindu reAmbassador uye kutanga danga remijaho nemboro imwe chete'….Kwakanga kuri kutanga kwebasa rakareba muhurumende, zvichiguma nekugadzwa kwake seConsul General muChiang Mai muna 1921. Wood akasiya basa muna 1931, asi akapedza makore mashoma akatevera achidzidzisa Chirungu. Uyu aimbova mumiriri akapona kusungwa kwake nemaJapan mukati meHondo Yenyika II uye akafa mazuva maviri pamberi pe92 yake^Ste  zuva rekuzvarwa muna 1970 mudiwa wake Chiang Mai. HONDO Wood ndiye munyori weanowanzo kusekesa uye ane simba autobiographical '.Consul muParadhiso: Makore makumi matanhatu nemapfumbamwe muSiam ' uye kare muna 1926 maiva nerimwe remabhuku ekutanga emutauro wechiRungu anotaura nezveSiam, rake  Nhoroondo yeSiam rakabudiswa. Epitaph yake yakaverenga zviri nyore uye pamwe ichokwadi chaizvo 'Aida Thailand'

Zvinoshamisa kuvapo kweaichimbova mufundisi weRoma wechiDutch panzvimbo iyi yePurotesitendi inotaura pachena. Kunyangwe, paakanga achiri muprista wedhiocese yeGroningen-Leeuwarden, Leo Alting von Geusaua aive mutsigiri akasimba weecumenism uye nhaurirano mukati mechechi. Mushure mekuparadzana neRoma, akazova anthropologist uye purofesa muUnited States. Muna 1977 akagara navaAkha ndokutanga kuvafunda ndokudzivirira fariro dzavo kupi nokupi kwaaigona. Muvambi wacho Mountain People's Culture and Development Project akafa muChiang Rai muna 2002.

Dombo reguva rine mitauro miviri yechiThai-Chirungu yakanyorwa 'Mukurangarira Clifford Johnson Kubvumbi, 17; 1912 - Mbudzi, 2, 1970 Mutorwa Aitida.'. Nekudaro, Clifford Johnson haana kuvigwa pano. Akanga ava nemakore anopfuura 30 ari mumishinari kuThailand Asia Inland Mission uye kwete muChaing Mai chete aive nemumwe nemaoko ake Mudzidzi Hostel yeVana Vedzinza kubva pasi, asiwo kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka zvemunharaunda nguva dzose kunoisa nzira huru mudengu. Izvi zvakamukunda kwete shamwari chete asiwo vavengi vakati wandei. Nguva pfupi mushure mekurega basa muna 1970, akave a  Palm Gardens Retirement Nharaunda akapondwa muAshmore, Southern California pakukumbirwa nevakuru vezvinodhaka veThai-Burmese. Nezve hupenyu hwake hunonakidza hwakaonekwa muna 2009 'Iye Chakavanzika Retiree: Zvinodhaka uye Rufu' naRupert Nelson.

Ndinoda kupedzisa rwendo urwu nemumwe munhu wandinoziva pachangu. Richard Willoughby Wood MC's headstone ane epitaph '.Ngano yeAsia' uye idzo hadzisi nhema nekuti aive nengano pakati pevakabuda muChiang Mai. Akaberekwa muna 1916 muLondon. Baba vake vaive maneja wekare Iyo kambani Bombay Burma Trading Corporation muChiang Mai neBangkok, apo amai vake vakanga vari mukoti mukuru muBangkok inopepetwa neBritish Home Nursing. Muna 1937 akatevera tsoka dzababa vake ndokutanga kushandira muBurma Iyo kambani Bombay Burma Trading Corporation Makore maviri gare gare akagadzwa semutungamiriri wechipiri mu Burma Rifles. Munguva yehondo, akakwanisa kunzvenga maJapan ndokuva mukuru wehungwaru paChindwin pamberi kusvika Kisimusi 1944 paakapotsa afa netyphus. Pakupera kwekurwisana, Wood akange akwira pachinzvimbo chevakuru uye akataurwa kakawanda pamirairo yezuva remauto. Nekuda kwehunhu hwake hwekushinga kumberi, akapihwa mubairo wechipiri wepamusoro-soro, we Military Cross (MC). Mushure mekusununguka kweBurma, akatamira kuThailand kwaakazova nhare yenharaunda yekunze mushure mekusiya basa.

RW Wood aive munyori we De Mortuis: Nyaya yeChiang Mai Kunze Century, pepa rebepa rinotengeswa nanhasi richifarira kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo iyi yakasarudzika nenzira dzinopfuura imwe.