Iyo - inenge - yakakanganwa nyaya yeSiam Expeditionary Force

Mbudzi 11 inoratidza kupera kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga munzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose. MuBangkok, izvi zvinogara zvichiitwa pa cenotaph kuBritish Embassy uko vanoyeukwa makumi maviri nevashanu vevashandi vesangano iri uye vakawa veSiamese-British vakabuda kunze kwenyika. Zvakare chibayiro che25 vagari vemuFrance muSiam vakafa panguva Hondo huru vanoremekedzwa gore negore kumumiriri weFrance.

Kubva 1922 izvi zvakaitikawo pane zvakavanzwa mugirini Siam War Memorial kumucheto kweSanam Luang. Iyi shrine chena ine madota emasoja gumi nemapfumbamwe eThai akashanda senhengo dze iyo Siam Expeditionary Force (SEF) vakarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Icho chokwadi chekuti Siam chakaita zvechiuto munguva yeHondo Huru chinoratidza kuti WWI yaive hondo yepasi rose munzira dzese.

Pakatanga hondo, mambo weSiamese Vajiravudh, aisazivikanwa nokuda kwekuzvivimba kwake, akatarisana nechisarudzo chakaoma. Wega ndiye aive mambo, wevake 12^e kusvika 22^e akadzidziswa muEngland uye aive anoremekedzwa colonel werejimeni Durham Light Infantry pro-British in orientation, asi huwandu hwevanhu vakakosha muhurumende yake, vainyanya kunetseka nezvekusimbisa chinzvimbo cheBritain mudunhu, vaive vashoma veAnglophile. Vamwe vanun'una vamambo, avo aimbova mukuru wevashandi Prince Paribatra - uyo akanga ari Gurukota reNavy kubvira 1910 - ndiye ainyanya kukosha, akaridza pachena kadhi reGermany. Aivapikisa aive munin'ina waMambo Francophile, Muchinda Chakrabongse, mukuru wemauto eSiamese ane mukurumbira nekuda kwekusafunga kwake, hawk yemvura yakachena yaifarira kunyoresa mauto eSiamese muhondo yeAllied. Sekuru vaVajiravudh, Muchinda Devawongse, akange akabata chigaro cheMunyori Wezvekune dzimwe nyika kubvira 1885, akaedza kuchengetedza humambo kubva mukukonana pasina kupikisa maBritish zvakanyanya. Mhedzisiro yekupokana kwese uku yaive yekuti Siam, kungofanana neChina, akasarudza zviri pamutemo kusarerekera.

Yakanga isiri kusvika Svondo, Chikunguru 22, 1917 apo Mambo Vajiravudh - akafuridzirwa zvakajeka nekubatanidzwa kweUnited States muhondo - akazivisa hondo paCentral Powers. Zvikepe zvipfumbamwe zveGerman zvakamiswa paChao Praya zvakabva zvatorwa ndokusungwa necheni. 296 German uye Austrian vagari Siam, kusanganisira 43 vakadzi uye 58 vana, vakanyangarika, vakamirira kuendeswa kuIndia, mumusasa wevasungwa umo Ferdinand Jacobus Domela Nieuwenhuis, ari pachena pro-German Dutch charge d'affaires muBangkok, akavachengeta.

Pasinei nokuti nhengo dzakawanda dzehurumende dzakanga dzaratidza kusava nechokwadi nemhaka yokudhura kwaiitwa, musi wa21 September, 1917, pakaitwa chikumbiro chokutangwa kwesangano. Siam Expeditionary Force. Izvi zvinomiririra nekuti mauto mashoma angave nemauto ekutakura, ezvokurapa nemauto emuchadenga aizoiswa pasi pekuraira kwaMajor General Phraya Bijai Janriddhi mukutsigira maAllies kumberi kweWestern. Janriddhi akanga ari mukuru mukuru wevatasvi vamabhiza akanga afunda muFrance kwamakore masere ndokuzogamuchira rovedzo youkuru muBelgium kwemamwe makore mana. Musasa weAllied wakaita zvekupokana nezvedanho reSiamese. Hapana ainyatsoda mauto asina ruzivo ayo, uyezve, ainyanya kudarika iyo yebattalion maererano nehuwandu. Kunyange varwiwo zvavo vakapindura nekuseka kuti vaSiamese vatore chikamu muhondo. Muzvipiri muhondo yeFlemish Corporal Jeroom Leuridan, semuenzaniso, akashamisika mudhayari rake kuti nzou dzeSiamese dzichakwanisa kubudirira mumatope eFlemish…

Kunyanguvezvo, zviuru zvavarume vaduku vakanyoresa savazvipiri vehondo, asi 1.284 20 pakupedzisira vakasarudzwa. Mushure mekupedza kudzidziswa kwavo kwekutanga, varume veSEF vakatanga 1918 June XNUMX muKo Sichang yeFrance nehondo. Sezvineiwo, iyo SEF inotumira kunze pasi pemureza mutsva, mureza mutsvuku-chena-bhuruu Thong Trairong, iyo yakatsiva mureza wekare nenzou chena pamashure matsvuku. Thailand inokwereta mureza wayo wazvino kuHondo Yenyika Yekutanga…

Mushure mekufamba kwegungwa kune chiitiko, mauto eSiamese akasvika muMarseille pakupera kwaChikunguru 1918. Vakabva vangogeza mvura yaitonhora nekuti vainge vasara nemazuva mashoma saka painge pasina kana mutambo wekugamuchira. Uyezve, vaFrance vakanga vavatora pakutanga - zvisizvo zvachose - kune zvishoma zvikepe zvevashandi vepamberi veVietnam ... Mauto eSiamese, avo vakakamurwa pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzidzira kudzidziswa kwepamberi, nokukurumidza vakaziva kuti pakanga pachine rukudzo ruduku rwemauto rwaifanira kuva. Iyo SEF yakanga yasvika muFrance mushure mekunge maAllies amisa kurwisa kukuru kwekupedzisira kweGerman uye kwakaputika mazuva mashoma Hondo yeAmiens isati yatanga, iyo yakaunza Allied 100-Day Final Offensive.

Apo zvitunha zvekutakura zvakatanga kushanda sechikamu chekutanga cheSEF padhuze neChalons muna Gumiguru, zvakabva zvava pachena kuti kutaurirana nemaFrench kunyanya kwakasiya zvakanyanya kudiwa. Izvi hazvina kungokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwevaturikiri, asiwo nemafungiro uye rusaruro rwevaFrench kune vavanoshamwaridzana navo vatsva, avo, mumaziso evakuru vakuru veFrance vainzwa kuti vari nani, vakanga vasina nani pane kutonhora muIndochina ... Makakatanwa akakurumidza kusimuka zvekuti hurumende yeSiamese yakafunga zvakadzama kubvisa SEF, asi izvi zvisati zvaitika musi wa 11 Mbudzi yakasainwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kureva kuti vaSiamese vaigona kuenda kumba nokukurumidza. SEF yaive chikamu chemauto aigara muRhineland kwemimwe mwedzi mitanhatu uye, mavhiki mashoma kusati kwasimuka kwekupedzisira kuBangkok, yakabvumidzwa kutora chikamu mumakwikwi makuru ekukunda muParis, London neBrussels muna Chikunguru 1919. Iyo yakawanda yeSEF yakadzoserwa kumusha munaGunyana 1919. Vakauya nezvitunha zvakapiswa zvevamwe vavo 19 vakanga vafira muEurope. Hapana nomumwe wavo akanga aurayiwa nemhaka yezviito zvehondo. Vakanga vaurayiwa kana kuti vakundwa nechirwere.

Kukanganisa kwemauto kwe Siam Expeditionary Force zvainge zvave zvishoma, asi hazvigone kutaurwa nezvematongerwe enyika akatevera kubva muchibvumirano ichi.Siam ndiyo yega nyika muSoutheast Asia yakazivisa hondo kuCentral Powers munguva yehondo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, yakawana mukurumbira uye mukurumbira pasi rose mushure mehondo uye yakasimbisa kutaura kwayo kune uchangamire. Nyika haina kungove nhengo yekutanga yeLeague of Nations - yakatangira United Nations - asi yakakwanisawo kumanikidza kudzokororwa uye kunyange kubviswa kwezvibvumirano izvo zvaikuvadza kubva kuUnited States nevavakidzani vayo vane simba vekoloni France (Indochina) neGreat Britain (Burma & Malaysia).

Musi waGumiguru 9, 2003, Yod Sangrungruan ane makore zana nemana akafa muPhitsanulok. Uyu aimbova makanika wemauto emuchadenga ndiye aive murwi wekupedzisira asara wemauto emuchadenga Siam Expeditionary Force. Neizvi, chapupu chekupedzisira kune gakava iro rave kuda kudzimwa kubva mundangariro dzeThailand dzakanyangarika.