Mubvunzo weKutonga Kwenyika - Hukama pakati peThailand neJapan pamberi peHondo Yenyika II

Mauto eJapan muBangkok

Bato remauto rakatenderedza Mutungamiriri weThailand, Marshal Phibun Songkhram, vanga vachengeta hukama hwepedyo uye hwakanakisa nevakuru veJapan kubva pakuvhota kwa1932. Zvinonzwisisika, nekuti vakagovana zvinoverengeka zvinofarirwa.

Ichi chinyorwa chaishamisa, nokuti kubvira pakutonga kwaMambo Chulalongkorn (1868-1910), Siam akacherechedza kusatora rutivi kwakasimba muhukama hwekunze. Uyu murangariro mutsva, unonangidzirwa pawirirano pakati pamarudzi maviri, wakatanga kusimbiswa nenzira inoshamisa muna 1933. Apo chirevo chokurwisana nedenho yeJapan muManchuria chakavhoterwa muChinzwano chaMarudzi, Siam yakanga iri nyika bedzi yomutezo kurega. Kufambira mberi kweJapan-Thai kwakawedzera kuoneka munguva iri pakati pa1933 na1938 apo hurumende yeSiamese, pasi pekumanikidzwa nemauto, yakaisa mari yakawanda muchirongwa chezvombo chakagadzirirwa kuvandudza mauto eSiamese. Mauto akawedzerwa kusvika 33 mauto evacheche uye, kuwedzera kune matatu matsva ezvombo zvehondo, akagamuchirawo chikamu chezvombo. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvitsva zvakauya zvakananga kubva kumafekitori ezvombo eJapan. Mamiriro echiJapan pakuwedzera kwemauto emugungwa eThai ainyanya kushamisa. Dzinosvika gumi nenhanhatu dzezvikepe zvehondo zveSiamese makumi maviri neina zvakakunguruka kubva panzira inotsvedza mumigwagwa yeJapan…

Kunyange zvazvo kutenga uku kwairatidza kufarira Japan zvakajeka, izvi hazvina kungoreva kuti hurumende yePhibun yakanyatsotsigira Japan. Thailand yakanga ichiri kuedza zvakasimba kuchengetedza mutemo wokusatora rutivi zvachose. Akatarisana nekutyisidzira kusingagumi kwehondo, Phibun akaedza zvisina kubudirira kuwana ruzivo rwechinangwa cheJapan kuThailand. Panguva imwe cheteyo, akatsvaga vimbiso kubva kuBritain neUnited States yerutsigiro rwemauto nemari kana kusarerekera kweThai kuchityorwa nechisimba cheJapan. Zvisinei, Bangkok yakanga isingavimbwe nemisasa yose iri miviri. Britain neUnited States dzakaona Thailand semubatanidzwa weJapan nekuda kwekurerekera kwaPhibun kwehutongi pamwe nekunyunyuta kweThailand nekusaziva nezvegakava remuganhu neFrench Indochina. Ipo Tokyo yakaisa mamakisi makuru emubvunzo pazvinhu zvinobuda pachena zvepro-Western muThai cabinet.

Japanese Chi Ro matangi muuto reThai

Muna Nyamavhuvhu 1939, mazuva mashoma Germany isati yapinda nechisimba muPoland, Paul Lépissier, mukuru weFrench charge d'affaires muBangkok, akabata Phibun nechikumbiro chekugumisa Chibvumirano CheKusarwisana nenyika yake. Danho rakakurudzirwa chaizvo nekufungirwa kweFrance kwemutungamiriri wehurumende weThailand, uyo akanga aramba kwenguva refu pfungwa yeMekong semuganhu wenyika. Hurumende yeThai yakanzwira tsitsi pachikumbiro ichi, asi yakatenda kuti chibvumirano chakafanana chinofanira kupedzwawo neGreat Britain, iyo yaigonawo kutorwa senyika yakavakidzana kuburikidza nemakoloni ayo. Nzira yakanyatsodzivirirwa yekuita kubva kune diplomatic maonero. Kukushamisika kweFrance neGreat Britain, Phibun akabva akumbirawo Japan kutafura yekutaurirana. Hurumende yeThai yakahwanda kuseri kwechirevo chisina kujeka nezve basa reJapan mudunhu kupembedza chirongwa ichi chisina kujairika.

Muna May-June 1940, apo uto reGermany rakaita kuti France ipfugame, mutsigiri weGermany Japan yakaona mukana wokudzora Indochina yeFrance. Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvisungo neBangkok zvakasimbiswa. Muna June 1940, vamiriri veJapan neThai muTokyo vakanga vasvika chibvumirano cheChibvumirano Choushamwari chaisazosainwa kutozosvikira December 23, 1940 muBangkok.

Nekudaro, pamwe panguva imwe chete uye mukutarisira kungangoita kurwisa kweJapan, hurumende isati yatanga yeThai yakanga yaita zvikumbiro zvakati wandei kuBritish kuti vabatsirwe. Musi waNyamavhuvhu 31, 1940, panguva iyo Hondo yeBritain yakanga yava kumagumo ayo anoshamisa, hurumende dzeBritain neThai dzakasaina zviri pamutemo chibvumirano cheAnglo-Thai Non-Aggression Pact muBangkok. Nekudaro, maBritish aizokurumidza kupokana maitiro ekanzuru yeThai kazhinji uye Prime Minister Phibun kunyanya.

Phibun anoshongedza mutyairi weThai akapfura ndege yeFrance

Mauto eJapan aive achishanda muSoutheast Asia kubva mukupera kwezhizha ra1940. Nemvumo yehurumende yeFrench Vichy, mauto aMambo Hirohito akabvumirwa kuramba ari muNorth Vietnam uye zvichida kunyange kushanda munharaunda yose yeIndochina. Asingapedzi mukana, Phibun Songkhram akange atotora mukana wekupinda nechisimba kweGerman muFrance uye kwakazotevera kutorwa kweFrance mukupera kwezhizha rimwechete ra1940 kusvika. Manu militari kubatanidza zvakare maturakiti makuru enzvimbo yekumabvazuva kweMekong, iyo Siam akanga agamuchidza maFrench asingadi pakupera kwezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe semubairo wekutaurirana kwepfuti kweFrench muHondo Yekutanga yeFranco-Siamese (1895). Uye zvakare Japan yakauya pamberi apo yakanga iri mungarava yehondo yeJapan Natori kuti musi wa31 Ndira, 1941, chibvumirano chehondo chakapedzwa muSaigon Bay pakati peVichy France neThailand… Chibvumirano chekupedzisira cherunyararo pakati pemapato maviri chakasainwa musi wa9 Chivabvu, 1941 mu… Tokyo.

Ichi chiito chakakomba zvirokwazvo hachina kugamuchirwa zvakanaka muMadokero. Vanhu vekuAmerica vainyanya kuona chiitiko ichi sechiito chehasha vachifarira Japan. Mutungamiri Roosevelt vakatotaura, pasina kutsvinya, kuti kana Japan ikarwisa Thailand hapana aizoziva kana maJapan asina kukokwa kuti adaro neimwe nzira yakavanzika pakati peTokyo neBangkok…. Ndosaka akasimbirira kuti hapana nyika imwe yekuMadokero inofanirwa kupa vimbiso yekuchengetedza hutongi hweThai. Musi waGumiguru 9, 1940, vachitya kurwisana kweIndochina kuri kuwedzera, maAmerica akanga atovhara hurongwa hweThai hwemabhomba gumi, nepo Bangkok yakanga yatobhadhara ndege idzi. Sezvineiwo, US yaizotyisidzira kudzima pombi yemafuta mwedzi mishoma gare gare mukupindura kurudziro yeJapan paThailand. Mushure mezvose, kwaingova nevaviri vakanyanya kugovera peturu muThailand: British/Dutch Royal Dutch Shell uye American Standard Vacuum Oil Company.

Zvichakadaro, Imperial Grand Headquarters muTokyo yakasarudza musi waChikunguru 2, 1941 kuti ifambire mberi yakananga kuSouth Vietnam nechinangwa chekuvaka mabhesi akati wandei ipapo angave anobatsira mukurwisa kukuru kwakarongwa kutanga kwaZvita mudunhu. Pamusangano mumwe chete iwoyo, zvakanzi zvakare kurwisa Thailand kupedzisa izvo zvakatsanangurwa se "Kushamwaridzana kweBritish muBangkok'. Panguva iyoyo, Japan yakabatanidzwa muhondo yekutengeserana neGreat Britain pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwerabha yeThai nemarata. Asi chirongwa chekupinda muThailand chakabva chasangana nekupikiswa kwemukati uye chakazomiswa.

Kunyange zvazvo maJapan akanga ava kushanda munenge yose yeIndochina, uye akasimbisa zvikuru mauto avo munharaunda, kusawirirana kwakasimuka. Kwakanga kusati kuri muBangkok bedzi umo rangariro yakakomba yakanga yava kupiwa kukurwisa kweJapan muSoutheast Asia. Pana Nyamavhuvhu 6, 1941, Munyori weHurumende yeU.S. Cordell Hull akazivisa kuti chiito cheJapan chokurwisa Thailand chaizorangarirwa neWashington setyisidziro kuchengeteko yeU.S. Chirevo chine makushe chairatidza kusavimbana uko Washington ichiri kuratidza kuBangkok. Zuva rimwe chetero, Anthony Eden, Munyori Wekune dzimwe nyika weBritain, akajekesa nemashoko akasimba zvikuru kuti kurwisa kweJapan kuThailand kwaizova nemigumisiro yakaipa. Asi maBritish, akapera simba neHondo yeBritain uye mabhomba asingaperi eBlitz uye, uyezve, vakave nekunetseka kukuru kurongazve mauto avo mushure meDunkirk, vaive nezvakawanda zvekurasikirwa muFar East kupfuura Yankees. Burma neMalaysia, nyika mbiri dzakavakidzana neThailand, dzaive makoroni eBritish, tisingarevi nezvekoroni yakakosha yeSingapore… Winston Churchill akapika kuhurumende yeThai kuti yaizomira paiitika hutsinye hweJapan, asi rubatsiro rwechokwadi rwakatadza. iye, kunze kwekutumirwa kwemutoro wemabhomba epfuti uye mashoma mahowitzers, haatombopa.

Kutozosvikira pakati paNovember 1941, Imperial Headquarters muTokyo yakanga ichiri nepfungwa yokuti zvaizova zvakakwana kungokumbira Bangkok mvumo yokubvumira mauto eJapan achienda kuBurma neMalaysia kupfuura norusununguko. MaJapan aitarisira muchivande kuti maBritish aizomisa mauto ekudzivirira muThailand izvi zvisati zvaitika. Kuvapo kwemauto eBritish uku kwaizopa Tokyo chikonzero chekupinda muThailand. Asi maBritish haana kuwira mumusungo uyu wakanyanya kujeka. Winston Churchill, avhiringidzwa nemishumo yake yehungwaru yekupinda nechisimba kweJapan, akafunga kuti zvinobatsira kudzvanya Roosevelt zvakare, panguva ino zvine simba, kuti atsigirwe. Akaita izvi muna Zvita 7, 1941, maawa mashoma kurwiswa kweJapan paPearl Harbor…

Musi waZvita 8, 1941, nekuda kwekusiyana kwenguva pamwe chete nekurwiswa kwePearl Harbor, Imperial Japanese Army yakapinda Thailand panguva imwe chete munzvimbo pfumbamwe: nepanyika paBattambang muCambodia, nendege paDong Muang airport muBangkok, uye negungwa. ine nzvimbo nomwe dzeamphibious pakati peHua Hin nePattani paGulf Coast yeThailand. Pasina nguva maawa mashoma mushure mekupinda nechisimba kweJapan, hurumende yeThai - kunyangwe ichirwa kunotyisa munzvimbo - yakafunga kuisa maoko ayo pasi, ichiziva kuti hapana rubatsiro rweBritish ruchauya uye ichitenda kuti kuwedzera kuramba kune nhamba yakasimba uye yakashongedzerwa maJapan. kuzviuraya. Zvimwe zvacho inhoroondo…