Maonero akasiyana pane epic Khun Chang Khun Phaen
Khun Phaen nemwanakomana (noiAkame / Shutterstock.com)
Chero basa rekunyora rinogona kuverengwa nenzira dzakawanda. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune ane mukurumbira uye anoyemurwa epic muThai zvinyorwa zvetsika: Khun Chang Khun Phaen (zvino KCKP).
Vakanga vari vanyori vanofambira uye troubadours vaizviita muzvikamu mumisha nokuda kwekuseka uye kuchema vateereri. Nyaya yacho inogona kutanga kusvika kuma17e zana, yakapfuudzwa nemuromo uye yaigara ichiwedzerwa nemitsetse mitsva yerondedzero. Mukutanga kwe19e zana remakore, dare rehumambo rakaritarisira, rakagadzirisa maererano nemaitiro uye tsika dzenguva uye rakanyora nekunyora. Makore akapoteredza 1900 aive Prince Damrong akaburitsa chinyorwa chine mukurumbira chakadhindwa.
Ichi chinyorwa chave chakagadzirirwa kwekanguva asi chave kusvika parizvino mushure mekushandurwa kwakanaka kweiyo epic naRob V.
Pfupiso yenyaya yacho:
Chang, Phaen naWanthong vanokura pamwe chete muSuphanburi. Chang murume akashata, mupfupi, ane mhanza, ane muromo wakashata, asi akapfuma uye akabatana nemhuri yehumambo. Phaen, kune rumwe rutivi, murombo asi akanaka, akashinga, akanaka pamitambo yehondo nemashiripiti. Wanthong ndiye musikana akanaka kwazvo muSuphanburi. Anosangana naPhaen, uyo anga ari mutsva panguva iyoyo, panguva yeSongkran uye vanotanga nyaya yerudo. Chang anoedza kukunda Wanthong nemari yake asi rudo runokunda. Phaen anosiya temberi oroora Wanthong.
Mazuva mashoma gare gare, mambo anodana Phaen kuti atungamire mauto ekurwisa Chiang Mai. Chang anotora mukana wake. Anoparadzira runyerekupe rwekuti Phaen adonha uye, naamai vaWanthong nehupfumi hwake sevabatsiri, vanobudirira mukubata Wanthong asingadi. Wanthong anonakidzwa nehupenyu hwake hwakasununguka nemurume wake mutsva, ane hanya uye akatendeka.
Ipapo Phaen anodzoka kubva mukukunda kwake munhandare yehondo nemukadzi akanaka, Laothong, sezvipambwa. Anoenda kuSuphanburi uye anoti mukadzi wake wekutanga, Wanthong. Mushure mekupokana kwegodo pakati peLaothong naWanthong, Phaen anosiya, achisiya Wanthong naChang. Nekuda kwemhosva, mambo anotora Laothong.
Phaen anodzokera kuSuphanburi uye anoba Wanthong. Vanogara vari voga musango kwemakore akawanda. Kana Wanthong ava nepamuviri, vanosarudza kudzokera kuAyutthaya uko Phaen anotsamwisa mambo nekukumbira kudzoka kwaLaothong. Phaen anosungwa uko Wanthong anomuchengeta zvakanaka.
Asi Chang anobva abvuta Wanthong ndokuenda naye kumba kwake kwaanozvara mwanakomana waPhaen. Anopiwa zita rokuti Phlai Ngam uye anokura semufananidzo wekupfira wababa vake. Mumweya wegodo, Chang anoedza kumuuraya nekumusiya musango, izvo zvinokundikana, uye Phlai Ngam anodzokera kutemberi.
Makore anopfuura umo Phlai Ngam anotevera mumakwara ababa vake. Anokunda pahondo yehondo nerudo. Chang haasiye kurwira Wanthong. Anokumbira mambo kuti anyatsoona Wanthong semukadzi wake. Mambo anodaidza Wanthong kwaari uye anomuraira kuti asarudze pakati pevadikani vake vaviri. Wanthong anozeza, achitumidza Phaen serudo rwake rukuru uye Chang semudziviriri wake akatendeka uye muchengeti akanaka, ipapo mambo anoshatirwa ndokumutongera kuti agurwe musoro.
Wanthong inotorwa kunzvimbo yekuurayiwa. Mwanakomana wake Phlai Ngam anoita nhamburiko huru yokupfavisa mwoyo wamambo, mambo anokanganwira uye anoshandura mutongo wacho kuva mutorongo. Vatasvi vemabhiza vanomhanya, vachitungamirirwa naPhlai Ngam, vanobva vangobva pamuzinda. Sezvineiwo kunonoka, sezvo vari kure vanoona muurayi achisimudza bakatwa uye apo Phlai Ngam anosvika, inowira musoro waWanthong.
Kutema musoro (kwete Wanthong asi baba vaKhun Phaen) - (JaaoKun / Shutterstock.com)
Maonero echiThai emabhuku
Pakutanga, kukurukurwa kwemabhuku muThailand kwainyanya kutarisisa pachimiro, uye izvi zvichiri zvakadaro mumabhuku mazhinji nhasi. Kwakanga kuri kwesarudzo yemazwi, madingidziro, mutinhimira uye mutinhimira, nepo zvaisaonekwa sezvinodiwa kukurukura kana kutonga zviri mukati zvakadzama.
Izvo zvakachinja mumaXNUMX aive nemhirizhonga. Pamusoro pekukurukura nezvekuchinja kwemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika, pakabuda rimwe sangano rainzwa richikwezvwa zvakanyanya nezviri mumabhuku. Iyo epic KCKP haina kutiza izvozvo zvakare. Ndakaona zvichishamisa uye zvichidzidzisa kuverenga kuti vangani dzimwe nguva dzakasiyana kwazvo kududzirwa kweiyo epic yakaonekwa. Vari mubhuku rataurwa pasi apa. Ndichaataura muchidimbu uye ndichawedzera dudziro yangu.
Nzanga yeSiamese yaiziva (uye haina) nheyo
Ndiwo aive maonero aML Boonlua Debryasuvarn. Akanga ari mwana wemakumi matatu nemaviri wababa vanoremekedzwa uye mudzidzi wechikadzi wokutanga paChulalongkorn University, akabvira pashure pechimurenga cha1932. Akadzidza mabhuku, gare gare akadzidzisa nokunyora zvinyorwa nemabhuku. Chinyorwa chake cheKCKP chakaonekwa muna 1974. Mariri anoratidza kuti hapana munhu muepic ane hanya nemisimboti kana mitemo. Zviremera hazvina basa uye vapari vemhosva havawanzorangwa. Sezvineiwo, iye anopa mutongo wakaomarara wakafanana pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu munguva yake.
Phaen akaenderera mberi nerwendo rwake, mumakuva akawana mutumbi wemushakabvu ane pamuviri. Nemano ake, akadzora pfungwa dzake ndokubvisa mbereko mudumbu make. Akatora mwana aichema mumaoko ake ndokubhabhatidza mweya uyu seKuman Thong yake
Hukasha hwevatambi mune epic KCKP
Cholthira Satyawadhna akapedzawo kudzidza kubva kuChulalongkorn University aine dissertation yakabvumidzwa muna 1970 ine musoro unoti: 'Kushandiswa kweWestern Methods of Modern Literary Criticism to Thai Literature'. Kuongorora kwepfungwa kwaCholthirak kunobva pane zvinopesana neFreudian pfungwa dze 'chishuwo cherufu' uye 'chishuwo chehupenyu', kunyanya muhukama hwepabonde. Kubva ipapo anotsanangura hukasha uye kusiririsa maitiro aKhun Phaen uye masochistic maitiro aWanthong.
"Wakaguta iwe Wanthong, ndapotsa ndagura Khun Chang kuita zvidimbu, asi ndiWE uri kubiridzira pano. Die Wanthong!" Akatsika tsoka akavhomora bakatwa rake.
Iyo epic KCKP inomiririra tsika yechiBuddha mamiriro
Iyo epic KCKP yakaiswa mukutanga 19e zana rakagadziridzwa nedare reSiamese kune hunhu uye hunhu hwaidiwa nedare kumisa nekuparadzira. Warunee Osatharom akambonyora zvakanyanya nezvekodzero dzevanhu, chinzvimbo chevakadzi uye hukama pakati penyika nenharaunda. Muchinyorwa chakatenderedza 2010 anoratidza mashandisiro anoita dare kodhi yetsika kubva mumagwaro echiBhudha kumisikidza pfungwa yeBuddhist uye yehumambo. Khun Phaen murume 'akanaka' nekuti akavimbika kuna mambo uye Wanthong mukadzi akaipa nekuti anoregeredza zvishuwo zvamambo uye zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekarma anoripa nehupenyu hwake.
"Phlai Kaeo ishamwari yako kubva kuhupenyu hwekare. Hapana zana rezviuru zvevamwe varume vangakunda mwoyo wako. Ndiri kunetseka kuti kana uchitozivawo kumuchengeta. Haufanire kuita zvikanganiso zvinogona kushatirisa mumwe wako. Ramba wakagadzikana pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu, muratidze kuzvininipisa uye kumuteerera. Usaita godo uye usakonzera dambudziko. Kana mumwe munhu akakanganisa, tangai mataurirana nezvazvo. Usarwe nekupopota. Dai waropafadzwa nemufaro usingaperi. Chiuya manje, murume wako akakumirira”. Nemashoko iwayo Phim akapinda mumba memuroora. Sezvinokodzera mukadzi akanaka, Phim akagwadama patsoka dzashe wake, tenzi nomurume wake.
Guta, musha uye sango ndizvo zvinosarudzirwa zvinhu zvekuzivikanwa uye (yemahara) kuda
David Atherton akanyora thesis yekutanga yekune dzimwe nyika paKCKP muna 2006. Mukuita kudaro, anoratidza kuti maonero, maitiro uye kuzivikanwa kwevanhu vari muepic zvinogona kusiyana sei zvichienderana nekwavanogara. Muguta vanosungwa zvakanyanya nemitemo inosunga inoshanda imomo, nepo zvisinganyanyi kuitika mumusha nemumba. Musango umo Phaen naWantong vanopedza mwedzi yakawanda, vanogona pakupedzisira kuve ivo pachavo. Zvinenge zvese zviratidziro zverudo zveKCKP zvinotsanangurwa kubva muzviitiko zvechisikigo: kunaya kwemvura, kuvhuvhuta nehasha kwemhepo, kutinhira nemheni, uyezve runyararo nekunyarara.
Pane imwe nguva mukati mesango, vaviri vacho vakanakidzwa nehunhu hunoyemurika. Zvishoma nezvishoma rudo rwake kuna Khun Phaen rwakadzoka uye vakaita rudo pasi pemuti muhombe webhani.
Phaen anopandukira uye kurwira simba
Ngano zhinji dzechinyakare kubva kuThailand dzinoshandura chokwadi chiripo uye nezvinotendwa. The Rice Goddess akasimba kupfuura Buddha, Sri Thanonchai ane njere kupfuura Mambo uye saka mune ino epic. Munhuwo zvake wevanhu, Khun Phaen, anopikisa munzira dzakawanda simba nehupfumi hweboka rinotonga ravanaro kubva pachinzvimbo chavo. Khun Phaen anopikisa simba rake rega uye ruzivo. Hushasha hwaakazvigona. Chris Baker naPasuk Pongpaichit vanozvienzanisa nengano yaRobin Hood. Wantong haatongerwe rufu nekuda kwekuva mukadzi akaipa, asi nekuzvidza pachena simba ramambo. Nyaya dzakawanda dzakakurumbira dzemazuva ekare dziri pamusoro peizvi. Simba ramambo uye simba rinopikisa revanhu. Vateereri vanofanira kunge vakaifarira.
Phra Wai akakurumidza kuenda kumuzinda, uye akashandisa mantras kuisa mambo mune yakanaka pfungwa. "Chii chauyisa pano? Vakatouraya mai vako here?” vakabvunza mambo
Wanthong mukadzi anopandukira uye akazvimiririra, mukadzi wekutanga?
Mupiro wangu ndeuyu. Anenge ese anotsanangura pane epic KCKP anoratidza Wantong semukadzi akaipa. Anoda varume vaviri, ane chido chakasimba, ane manzwiro uye haambodimburi mazwi ake. Kuramba kutevedzera tsika dzechivanhu dzemafambiro evakadzi, anozvisarudzira ega oenda nenzira yake. Haatombozviisa pasi pamambo uye anofanira kuripa nokudimbura musoro. Izvi zvinomuita mukadzi wechimanjemanje mune dzimwe nzira, pamwe tinofanira kumudaidza kuti anorwira vanhukadzi nyangwe zvazvo zviri zvekuratidzira. Zvinogoneka kuti mumazana ese aya epic akaitwa mumisha nemataundi, Wantong aiyemurwa nevakawanda, pachivande uye kunyanya nevakadzi.
Amai vakaenda kuna Wanthong, “Sechirikadzi unova pfuma yamambo. Ingogamuchira ruoko rwaKhun Chang. Chinhu chimwe chete chakashata paari musoro wake, asi munhu akapfuma uye anogona kukuchengeta zvakanaka”. Wanthong anopindura achiti, "Unongoona mari yake, kunyangwe iri imbwa kana nguruve uchiri kundipa. Ndinongova nemakore gumi nematanhatu uye ndatova varume vaviri?!"
Uye izvo zvinondiunza kune yekupedzisira kucherechedzwa. Karewo, kwaiva nemaonero akawanda aipikisana. Ini ndinofunga kuti ngano idzi dzaiwanzova nechinangwa chekuisa boka rinotonga uye tsika nehunhu huripo mune imwe mwenje wakasiyana kuburikidza nemaitiro evanonyanya kutaurwa munyaya, pasina kupokana kuti vateereri vafare. Ndiko kusaka vaive nemukurumbira
Zviwanikwa nezvimwe
- Zvidzidzo zvishanu paKhun Chang Khun Phaen, The Many Faces of a Thai Literary Classic, rakapepetwa naChris Baker naPasuk Phongpaichit, Silkworm Books, 2017 - ISBN 978-616-215-131-6
- The Tale of Khun Chang Khun Phaen, Siam's Great Folk Epic yeRudo neHondo, Silkworm Books, 2010 - ISBN 978-616-215-052-4
- Pfupiso yeKCKP naRob V:
www.thailandblog.nl/cultuur/khun-chang-khun-phaen-thailands-most-famous-legende-part-1/
www.thailandblog.nl/cultuur/khun-chang-khun-phaen-thailands-most-famous-legende-part-2/
www.thailandblog.nl/cultuur/khun-chang-khun-phaen-thailands-most-famous-legende-part-3/
www.thailandblog.nl/cultuur/khun-chang-khun-phaen-thailands-most-famous-legende-part-4/
www.thailandblog.nl/cultuur/khun-chang-khun-phaen-thailands-most-famous-legende-part-5-slot/
Chikamu changu chepakutanga nezve:
- KCKP ine rumwe ruzivo: www.thailandblog.nl/cultuur/khun-chang-khun-phaen-het-most-famous-epos-thaise-literatuur/
- Nezve Sri Thanonchai akangwara kupfuura mambo: www.thailandblog.nl/cultuur/sri-thanonchai-iaanse-tijl-uilenspiegel/
Kare, nharaunda yacho yainyanya kutevedzera matriarchal, saka hukama hwemhuri hwaipfuura naamai kwete kuna baba. Pane imwe nguva yakarerekera kunharaunda yemadzitateguru, asi haudzime zvimiro zvakadaro 1-2-3. Hakushamisi kuti simba rakadaro rechikadzi uye kuonga kwave kuripo. Wanthong anogona kunge aive 'asina kururama' maererano nemaonero eveboka repamusoro pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi19 uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20 nekusaziva nzvimbo yake, asi zvirokwazvo achange arumbidzwawo nemamwe mapoka. Mukadzi akanaka, asina kuwira pamuromo wake uye haatenderi machubhu kutengeswa nemaremoni. Mukadzi wekudanana naye.
Iwe unozvionawo muhuwandu hwevamwe vakadzi kubva kune iyi saga, asiwo munyaya dzekare kubva kare (kupfuura zana remakore rapfuura), kuti vakadzi vaiziva kubata zvinhu uye havana kutora basa reprudish kana kuzviisa pasi. Tora semuenzaniso vakadzi vanotamba nerudo pachena, izvo zvinonyatsobva kuhupenyu chaihwo. Saka hongu, iniwo ndinofunga kuti mumazuva evatauri venyaya vaifamba, vaoni vazhinji vakateerera epic iyi nemvumo uye nekunakidzwa. 🙂
Vakadzi vachiri nesimba kupfuura varume muThailand.
Varume ndivo sabhuku, vakadzi ndivo sabhuku.
Tino, ndatenda netsanangudzo iyi! Uye neshoko rakanonoka rekutenda kubva kwandiri kuna Rob V nekubatsira kwake.
Kune anofarira yekuwedzera ongororo, pamwe neGoogling zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa online:
1. Chris Baker naPasuk Phongpaich vane:
— “Basa reKhun Chang Khun Phaen,” Journal of the Siam Society 2009 Vol. 97
(zvimwe zvinopindirana nekuongorora kwavo muKCKP)
2. Gritiya Rattanakantadilok nedzidziso yake (Chikumi 2016):
- "Kushandura Iyo Tale yeKhun Chang Khun Phaen: inomiririra tsika, murume kana mukadzi uye Buddhism"
(Pachiri Chitsauko 2.2 chinobata nezviri mukati: kugadzira zvipoko nekuchenesa ngano kuburikidza na“Siwalai” uye zvakare maererano nekuzivikanwa kwemunhukadzi).