'Nyika Yakarasika' uye Kutambudzwa kweKatorike muThailand (1941 - 1944)

Chechi yaSaint Anna Nong Saeng muNakhon Phanom

Mumakore a1940 kusvika muna 1944, nzanga yechiKaturike muThailand yakatambudzwa nokuda kwokuonekwa se'fifth column' mukurwisana neFrench Indochina.

Nyika Yakarasika yeSiam/Thailand

Muna 1893, ngarava yehondo yeFrance yakakwira rwizi Chao Phraya ndokunanga pfuti paSiamese Royal Palace. Nhaurirano dzakaitika ipapo pamusoro pekuda kwevaFrance kuwana hutongi pamusoro penzvimbo idzo Siam dzakaona sedzayo, dunhu riri kumadokero kweMekong rinenge padanho reLuang Prabang, uye akati wandei matunhu kuchamhembe kweCambodia. Pamwe pazano revapi vemazano vekunze, Mambo Chulalongkorn akachinja tack. Chiitiko ichi chakasiya kushungurudza kusingaperi muchiitiko cheThai chenhoroondo, asi panguva imwecheteyo Mambo Chulalongkorn akarumbidzwa nekuchengetedza runyararo uye kudzivirira kuwedzera kukoloni kweSiam.

Hondo ye1940-1941 kuti iwanezve nzvimbo dzakarasika

Kushungurudzika kwenzvimbo 'dzakarasika' kwakawedzera mukuziva kweThai uye kwakawedzera zvakanyanya panguva yehutungamiriri hweNationalist Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhraam (Phibun Songkhraam, 1938-1944). Akayemura fascist Italy neJapan.

Muna 1940, France yakakundwa zvakakomba neGermany. MaJapan akatora mukana weizvi, achida uye kuwana nzvimbo yemauto muFrench Indochina. Kuratidzira kweNationalist uye anti-French kwakaitika muBangkok, ukuwo hurumende yakawedzera rhetoric.

Kubva muna Gumiguru 1940, Thailand yakaita mhirizhonga nendege paLaos neCambodia. Vientiane, Phnom Penh, Sisophon neBattambang zvakabhombwa. MaFrench akarwisa zvakare zvibodzwa zveThai muNakhorn Phanom neKhorat. Pana January 5, 1941, uto reThailand rakatanga kurwisa Laos, uko vaFrance vakakurumidza kudzingwa, uye kuCambodia, uko vakawedzera kurwisa. Mushure memavhiki maviri, mauto emugungwa eThai akakundwa zvinonyadzisa muhondo yemugungwa pedyo neKoh Chang.

Muchidimbu kuburikidza nekuyananisa kwevaJapan, chibvumirano chehondo chakasainwa pachikepe chehondo cheJapan muna Ndira 31, 1941, ukuwo muna Chivabvu wegore iro Vichy France yakapa nzvimbo dzakapokana kuThailand muchibvumirano, asi chikamu chete cheiyo Thailand yakanga yakunda. Izvi zvakatungamira kumhemberero huru muThailand, umo maJapan nemaGerman vakapinda, uye yaive chikonzero chekuvakwa kwe 'Victory Monument'.

Muna 1947, Thailand yaifanira kudzosera idzi nharaunda dzakakundwa kuFrance pasi pekumanikidzwa nedzimwe nyika uye kuti ive chikamu chenharaunda dzepasirese.

Bishop Joseph Prathan Sridarunsil pamhemberero yekugadza munaNovember 10, 2018 muHua Hin.

Kutambudzwa kwesangano reKatorike

Gavhuna weNakhorn Phanom akanyora tsamba kuBazi Remukati menyika musi waChikunguru 31, 1942:

'Dunhu rinoshanda pamwe chete nehuwandu hwevanhuvaKatorike) kudzidzisa uye kudzidzisa kupfidza sevagari vemunyika vanoda nyika uye kuenderera mberi sevaBhudha vakanaka, vanopa zvipo. Tinoramba tichitevedzera mutemo wekubvisa chiKatorike kubva kuThailand. Avo vanodzokera kuchiBuddha havachateveri tsika dzeKaturike. Vanoda kurarama maererano nemitemo inoshanda.'

Pesvedzero yenharaunda yechiKristu muSiam/Thailand yaigara ichiperekedzwa nekusavimba kwevakuru. MaKristu aiwanzoramba kuita mabasa echibharo uye kubhadhara mitero uye aibva pauranda hwechikwereti, achitsigirwa nevamiriri vedzimwe nyika (kunyanya England neFrance) vaiva nekodzero dzedzimwe nyika. Dzimwe nguva izvi zvaitungamirira kumhirizhonga, zvakadai sokuurayiwa kwevatendeuki vaviri muna 1869 pamurayiro waMambo weLanna (Chiang Mai). Muna 1885, boka revaKatorike rakarwisa Wat Kaeng Mueang muNakorn Phanom ndokuparadza zviumbwa zvaBuddha nezvisaririra. Mushure mekuita kwakasimba kubva kuvakuru veSiamese, kubvunzana pakati pemapato kwakaguma nemhinduro.

Pakutanga kwehondo munaNovember 1940 kuti vadzorere 'nzvimbo dzakarasika' kubva kuhurumende yeFrance yekoloni, hurumende yakazivisa mutemo wemauto uye vanhu vese veFrance vaifanira kubuda munyika. Uyezve, hurumende yePhibun yakamisa mutemo mutsva. Chikatorike chainzi dzidziso yevatorwa yaityisidzira kuparadza tsika dzechiThai uye yaive mubatsiri weimperiya yeFrance. Yaifanira kubviswa. Magavhuna ematunhu ari kumuganhu neFrench Laos neCambodia aifanira kuvhara machechi nezvikoro nekurambidza masevhisi. Izvi zvakaitika pamwero mukuru muSakon Nakhorn, Nong Khai uye Nakhon Phanom.

Bazi Rezvemukati menyika rakadzinga vaprista vose munyika. Kuvhiringika kwakamuka nekuti kwaivewo nevafundisi vazhinji vekuItaly uku Italy yaive mubatanidzwa weThailand.

Munzvimbo dzinoverengeka vagari vemo vakavhozhokera machechi ndokuparadza mukati. MuSakon Nakhorn mamongi akatorawo chikamu. Zvakatonyanya kuipa kwaiva kuurayiwa kwevaKaturike vanomwe nemapurisa muNakhorn Phanom nokuti vakaramba kurega kuparidza uye vakakurudzira vamwe kuti vasasiya kutenda kwavo. Vakazopomerwa mhosva yevasori. Pope akazozivisa vanhu vanomwe ava.

Bato rine mumvuri rinonzi 'Thai Ropa' rakaparadzira mashoko anopikisa maCatholic. Akadaidza Buddhism yakakosha pakuzivikanwa kweThai. MaKatorike aisazombove maThai chaiwo, kazhinji vaive vatorwa, vaida kuita nhapwa dzeThais uye vakagadzira 'fifth column'.

Saint Joseph Catholic Church iri kumahombekombe kweRwizi rweChao Phraya pedyo neAyutthaya

Munzvimbo dzakawanda muIsaan, asiwo muruwa rweChachoengsao, zviremera zvakaronga misangano uko vaKaturike vakarayirwa kusiya kutenda kwavo kweKaturike ndokudzokera kuchitendero chimwe chechokwadi cheThai, vachirangwa nokurasikirwa nebasa uye dzimwe tyisidziro. Mumwe mukuru weruwa akati, 'Vaya vanoda kuva vaBuddha zvakare vanogona kuramba vari pachigaro, vaya vanoda kuramba vari vaKaturike vanofanira kugara pasi.' Vanhu vese kunze kwevashoma vakagara pasi.

Kunyange pashure pehondo pakupera kwaJanuary 1941, kutambudzwa uye kutyisidzirwa kwakapfuurira. Yakazoguma muna 1944 apo zvakava pachena kuti Japan yakanga ichirasikirwa nehondo uye Prime Minister Phibun akarega (August 1, 1944) kuti atsause MaAllies.

Pashure pehondo

England yaiona Thailand senyika ine utsinye uye yaida mari nezvinhu (mupunga) mukubhadhara. America yaive yakapfava mukuongorora kwayo, uye yakanongedzera kusangano reFree Thai iro raipikisa maJapan. France yaida zvachose 'nzvimbo dzakarasika' kumashure.

Thailand yaive nechido chekujoinha nharaunda dzepasirese mushure mehondo. Pridi Phanomyong ane simba akakurudzira hukama hwakanaka neAmerica nemasimba eEurope, kusanganisira France, kunyangwe akaramba hukoloni uye akagadzira hukama nesangano rerusununguko reViet Minh.

Muna Gumiguru 1946, pakanga paine nhaurirano dzinotyisa muparamende yeThai pamusoro pekuda kweFrance kudzosa 'nzvimbo dzakarasika', iyo yakatsigirwa nemamwe masimba. Yaive sarudzo pakati pekukanda mapfumo pasi kana kurwa. Nehurombo, paramende yakazosarudza kudzoreredza nerunyararo. Manzwiro anorwadza pamusoro peizvi achiri kuoneka nanhasi, senge mumatambudziko akatenderedza temberi yePreah Vihear, inonzi neThailand neCambodia uye uko kurwa muna 2011 kwakasiya vanhu vakawanda vafa.

Uye aive Phibun chaizvo, iye akange akunda 'nzvimbo dzakarasika' muna 1941, akaita mhirizhonga muna Mbudzi 1947 ndokuzodzosera zviri pamutemo 'nzvimbo dzakarasika' kuFrance.

Vazhinji Thais vanodana iyo 'Victory Monument' chiyeuchidzo che 'Kunyadziswa uye Kunyadzisa'.

Main source:

Shane Strate, The Lost Territories, Thailand's History of National Humiliation, 2015 ISBN 978-0-8248-3891-1