Iyo Salim mune zvematongerwo enyika yeThai, kuratidzwa
(1000 Mazwi / Shutterstock.com)
Thitinan Phongsudhirak akanyora op-ed muBangkok Post achitaura neboka revanhu vanonzi 'Salim'. Inotaura zvakawanda nezvezviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika muThailand mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura uye pfungwa dzinovatsigira.
Iyo Salim mune zvematongerwo enyika yeThai, kuratidzwa
Zvishoma zviitiko zvinotsanangura uye zvinotsigira zvematongerwo enyika zveThai kupfuura kusimuka nekudonha kweizvo zvino zvinozivikanwa zvinoshoreka sekuti Salim. Iro iboka revanhu rakafananidzwa nesalim, chikafu cheThai chine mavara-mavara matete noodles anopihwa mumukaka wekokonati nechando chakapwanyika. Pane imwe nguva inoyevedza munharaunda uye yezvematongerwo enyika, Salim abuda mufashoni, akaraswa parutivi munguva itsva yekuratidzira kuratidzira kwepro-democracy pasi pehutongi hutsva. Chii chinoitika kune uyu pro-chiuto royalist uye Nationalist Salim achataura zvakawanda nezveramangwana reThailand rezvematongerwo enyika.
Salim akatanga kuonekwa muna 2010 pakazogadzirwazve mahembe eyero. Vakanga vamboratidzira mumigwagwa yeBangkok kubva munaAugust 2005, vachigadzira nzira yehondo yekurwisana nehurumende yeThaksin Shinawatra munaSeptember 2006. Yellow yaiva ruvara rwakaonekwa naMambo Bhumibol Adulyadej Mukuru uyo akatonga kubva ku1946-2016. Zvaitendwa kuti kupfeka yero kwaizoratidza hunhu nezviito zvamambo ane mukurumbira pavari zvakare uye kuvaunzira rukudzo. Iri pachena mukufamba kweyero yaive chiremera chamambo wekupedzisira, icho chakauya kwete kubva kumavhoti evagari mudemokrasi, asi kubva kune vakavimbika vanotonga muThailand.
Rondedzero yezvematongerwo enyika yaSalim saka yakafemerwa uye yakatenderedza ichi chiremera chehutongi uye pfungwa yehunhu hwepamusoro, zvichitungamira kune hunhu nehunhu hutsvene-kupfuura-iwe. Yakashandurwa kuita zvematongerwo enyika, vaSalim vaitarisira pasi basa revamiriri vakasarudzwa nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika. Kwavari, vezvematongerwo enyika havasi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekungotora mukana uye vane uori, vanoratidzwa nekupopotedzana kwavo nguva dzose uye zvido zvavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, sarudzo hadzigone kuvimbwa uye kungotsungirirwa kana zvichidikanwa.
Kusatenda kuda kwakakurumbira uye pfungwa yehurumende yeruzhinji, Salim haana kumbohwina sarudzo kwavasina kumbonetsekana kuhwina rutsigiro rwakakura rwesarudzo, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda kuNorth neNortheast. Mota yavo huru, yeDemocratic Party, yakarasikirwa nemapato ese ekuvhota kumapato aThaksin kubvira 2001. Mushure mekurasikirwa, Salim akaona zvakakodzera kuti adzore zvakabuda musarudzo nechero nzira yaidiwa.
Zvese zvakatanga zviri pamutemo pasi pemubatanidzwa wePeople's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) muna Nyamavhuvhu 2005 apo Thaksin nenhengo dzebato rake vakaramba vachibvuta hutongi hweparamende uye vakaisa homwe dzavo nemitemo yehurumende yaifarira makambani avo akazvimirira. Mayellow shirts aizviona seane hunhu uye akarurama, vaya vanonzi khon dee kana kuti vanhu vakanaka. Vaipokana nevakasarudzwa 'vakaipa' vakasarudzwa vakaita nekuchengetedza zvivimbiso kune vavhoti vekumaruwa mune zvainzi 'populism', senge zvirongwa zvehutano zvakachipa zvepasi rose uye zvikwereti zvekumaruwa.
Yellow Shirts block Suvarnabhumi airport (Yese themes / Shutterstock.com)
Apo mhirizhonga yaSeptember 2006 uye bumbiro idzva richiri kutadza kumisa sarudzo ine simba yaThaksin musarudzo dzaDecember 2007, maYellow Shirts akadzokera mumigwagwa pakati pegore ra2008. Panguva ino vakamukira ndokugara muchivako chehurumende (kwavakadyara mupunga) uye gare gare Suvarnabhumi airport (kwavairidza badminton). Mufananidzo wamambo wekupedzisira waiwanzoshandiswa sechiratidzo chehembe dzeyero, namambokadzi aitonga achienda kumariro emuratidziri akapfeka yeyero panguva iyoyo. Kunyangwe vakazadzisa zvinangwa zvavo mushure mekuparadzwa nedare reConstitutional Court kwerimwe bato raitonga reboka reThaksin muna Zvita 2008, mayero akave akasviba uye akashata uye nemutengo wakakwira kuhupfumi hweThailand nezvematongerwo enyika zvekuti vakarasikirwa nekuvimbika.
Iyo yero yakabva yatanga kukwezva mamwe mavara kunze kwekutsvuka, iyo muna 2009-10 yaingove yakarambidzwa pro-Thaksin street varatidziri vaifananidzwa ne "mapenzi nyati". Pane imwe nguva mamwe mavara akapinda mukurwisana, zvose zvinopesana neruvara rutsvuku. Iwo mavara eyellow ekare akava Salim mutsva. Zvimwe chetezvo, ivo vakaumba humambo uye vashoma vanochengetedza muThailand yakakura vavhoti.
VaSalimu vanoshora zvikuru uye kuvenga vezvematongerwo enyika vakasarudzwa vanonzi vane huori, asi vanogarisana zvakanaka nevakuru vemauto vanoita zvimwe chetezvo. VaSalims vange vachitsigira kutorwa kwemasimba muna 2006 na 2014 nekuti kutora masimba ndiyo chete nzira yekukunda kunze kwebumbiro remitemo sezvo vakaramba vachikundwa musarudzo. Kusarudza vanogadzwa kune vamiriri vakasarudzwa, Salim akakumbira hurumende yakagadzwa nehumambo panguva dzakakosha pamakumi maviri emakore apfuura.
Hongu, sematare havanetseki pakurambidza mapato anopikisa anosarudzwa nevavhoti. Yekupedzisira yaive Future Forward Party (FFP) muna Kukadzi gore rapfuura. Sezvavakamboshora Thaksin, maSalim ave kuita zvimwe chete kuna Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit, aimbova mutungamiri weFFP yakadzingwa. Zvakangofanana nekuramba kwavakaita maReds, vaSalim zvino vanoti sangano rekuratidzira rinotungamirwa nevadzidzi richangotanga harina ruzivo rwe "nhoroondo yeThai" uye "rakapunzika" nesocial media. Sezvineiwo, vaSarimu havadaidzi vanopikisa zvizvarwa zvidiki "mafuza" nekuti vazhinji vavo vana vavo.
Nepo maSalim achiwanzo dzidza, maguta uye cosmopolitan, vanogonawo kubva kuzasi kwedanho remagariro nehupfumi. Mutsetse wakakosha wekupatsanura ndiwo unofungidzirwa sosi yemutemo uye simba rezvematongerwo enyika. Kuna Salim, masimba ehunhu muumambo ari pamusoro pechinzvimbo chakasarudzwa mudemokrasi. Vashoma havana kodzero dzekutonga pasi pehutongi hweruzhinji; vashoma ndivo vane kodzero yekutonga.
Muna 2013-14, maSalim aifanira kutora mumigwagwa zvakare kuisa hwaro hwekupidigura imwe hurumende yakasarudzwa naThaksin, panguva ino ichitungamirwa nehanzvadzi yake Yingluck Shinawatra. Sezvakaitwa nePAD yellows muna 2008, Salim pasi pePeople's Democratic Reform Committee (PDC) yakatsvaira hurumende inotungamirwa nePheu Thai, yakaramba kuparara kweparamende, ikadzivirira kuvhota mune mamwe matunhu uye yakakurudzira mauto kuti apindire. Muna Chivabvu 2014, iyo Salim yakarasikirwa nekukwezva uye kukwezva, asi yakawana simba nemabasa ehurumende.
Hutongi husina tariro hwejunta hwakabva hwabvisa chimiro cheSalimu. Parizvino vashoma vanenge vave kuda kunzi Salim. Kunyangwe Sondhi Limthongkul, anofanotungamira PAD uye yero piyona muna 2005, akaramba achiti haasi Salim, achizvireva kuPCC. Pane imwe nguva mukati mechikamu chekupedzisira chekutonga kwapfuura apo Sarimu aisakwanisa kuita chakaipa uye aikunda pese pavaienda mumigwagwa. Izvi hazvisisiri izvo.
Ndichiri kutaura zvinopesana, iyo Salim hainyore kune iyo yakanaka yekuenzana. Vanofanira kuva netsika dzakanaka kuti vatonge pamusoro pezororo rakaderera. Izvo hazvifungidzike kwavari kuti vanhu vekumaruwa uye vanochenesa mumigwagwa muBangkok nevamwe vasingaverengeki vasina rombo rakanaka vasina madhigirii ekuyunivhesiti kana mari vanofanira kuverengerwa pasarudzo yakaenzana navo.
Asi mafambiro eThailand ari kushanduka. Pasina kwainobva hunhu hwehurumende yapfuura, maSalimu ave kutsika-tsika pasi. Hupenyu hwavo hwapera. Mwero wekuti Sarimu anoramba simba risingazaruke renhoroondo mune zvematongerwo enyika eThai acharatidza kuti kurwadziwa uye kusuwa kwakawanda sei Thailand ichasangana mumwedzi iri kuuya.
Batanidza kune chinyorwa muBangkok Post: www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2037159/the-salim-phenomenon-in-thai-politics
Translation Tino Kuis