Zvitangwena zviri muGuta reNgirozi
Thailand ine zvakawanda zvekupa zvese maererano nemasikirwo uye tsika. Asi kunewo akawanda zvitangwena kuseri kwematemberi ane zvidhori zvegoridhe zveBuddha uye padyo neparadhiso yekutenga. Nharaunda dzimwe nguva dzinofananidzirwa sechinokwezva vashanyi. Chakanyanyondibaya mwoyo kwaiva kusiyana kukuru zvikuru maererano nemari inotambirwa nemabasa pakati pevagari vemo kupfuura zvandaifunga. Vashoma chete ndivo vasingashandi uye varombo vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Sumo pfupi.
Muna 2003 kwaive nemusangano wevatungamiri venyika dzePacific muBangkok. Vakayambuka Chao Phraya nechikepe vakapfuura mureza vachivagamuchira neushamwari. Iyo banner yakanzi ndiyo hombe munhoroondo yenyika: 360 ne10 metres uye yakadhura 9 miriyoni baht. Nenzira iyi, iyo Tha Tien slum pamahombekombe erwizi yakanga yakavanzwa kubva pakuonekwa. Nharaunda iri kumaodzanyemba kweGrand Palace yakatyisidzirwa kakawanda nekudzingwa kuitira kuvandudza mufananidzo wevashanyi weBangkok.
Chii chinonzi slum?
Tsanangudzo inogona kusiyana asi kazhinji inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu. Pane kuwandirwa kwedzimba dzine dzimba dzinopfuura gumi neshanu parai (15 square metres) uye vagari vanosvika 1.600 paimba (kazhinji 6+), pane zvakavanzika zvishoma, dzimba hadzina kukwana uye nharaunda inowanzoregeredzwa nemarara mazhinji, hwema uye hunyoro . Iyi tsananguro ine chikamu chinozviisa pasi, ndosaka nhamba dzezvitangwena dzichigona kusiyana (dzimwe nguva dzakawanda).
flydragon / Shutterstock.com
Iyo 'slums' muBangkok
Iwo akapararira muBangkok yese asi aine kusungirirwa padyo nepakati uye zvimwe padivi penzvimbo. Dzimwe nharaunda idiki dzine dzimba gumi-10, dzimwe dzakakura seKhlong Toei ine vagari vangangosvika zviuru zana.
Kune marudzi maviri emagiredhi anoenderana nemaitiro akasiyana. Bangkok City Council inoti kune zvitangwena 1.700 muBangkok ine 1.700.000 vagari, nepo National Housing Association ichipa nhamba yakaderera ine 800 zvitangwe uye 1.000.000 vagari. Huwandu hwekupedzisira hwaizoreva kuti 20% yevagari vanogara munzvimbo ine zvitangwena. (Ndinotenderedza nhamba). Zvakare munzvimbo dzakabudirira dzakatenderedza Bangkok, dzakaita sePathum Thani, Samut Prakan naSamuth Sakhorn, chikamu chevagari vemuzvitangwena chiri pakati pegumi ne10%.
Kusara kweThailand
Munyika yese yeThailand, 1% yevagari vanogara muzvitangwena. Mune chinongedzo pazasi pane nyaya yakanaka nezve zvitangwena muChiang Mai iri padyo neiyo yakasvibiswa Mae Kha drainage chiteshi inomhanya pakati peguta rekare neRwizi rwePing. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri pamutemo, mahotera nemabhizimisi mazhinji anorasira mvura yawo tsvina mumugero unonhuwa uyu, vachipomera vagari vezvitangwena.
flydragon / Shutterstock.com
Ndivanaani vanogaramo?
Mashoko iwayo akandishamisa. Vanhu vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti vanhu vazhinji vekumaruwa vakatamira kuguta, varimi veIsaan vanogara muguta, vese varombo uye vasina kudzidza. Hazvina kudaro kwenguva yakareba. Vanopfuura makumi manomwe muzana ehuwandu hwezvitangwena vane vanhu vakazvarirwa nekukurira muBangkok.
Kunyangwe paavhareji huwandu hwevanhu munharaunda idzi hunowana mari shoma uye vasina kudzidza zvakanyanya, zvakadaro zvakasiyana-siyana uye pave paine kufambira mberi mumakumi emakore apfuura.
Vazhinji vagari venzvimbo idzi vane basa, kazhinji mumabasa anobhadhara zvishoma uye chikamu chisina kurongeka, asi mumakore makumi maviri-20 apfuura vachiwedzera mumabasa ehunyanzvi. Ivo chikamu chakakosha chevanhu vanoshanda muBangkok.
Avhareji yemari uye mwero wedzidzo
Chikamu chiduku chevagari vemo havana mari uye vanotsigirwa nemhuri, shamwari uye nheyo dzakasiyana-siyana. Avhareji yemari inowanikwa muzvitangwena yakati wedzerei pane yekumaruwa, asi mari yacho yakati wandei. Vepakati nepakati vakapfuma vanomiririrwawo muzvitangwena. Mubvunzo unonakidza saka ndowokuti nei vanhu vane mari inonzwisisika vachiramba vachigara munzvimbo dzezvitangwena? Vanoratidza kuti vanozviita nekuti vanoda kugara pedyo nebasa ravo, kuva nedzimba dzakachipa uye pamusoro pezvose havadi kurasikirwa nekubatana.
Mufananidzo uyu unosimbiswa kana uchitarisa zvinhu zvevagari. Muna 2003 zvakaonekwa kuti munhu wese aive neTV, 65% yaive nemuchina wekuwachisa nenharembozha, ingangoita hafu yaive nesikuta uye 27% yemota, uye 15% vanogona kutenga humbozha hwemhepo inofefetera.
Mamiriro edzidzo aita nani zvakare: 10% havana kudzidza, 50% vakangopedza zvikoro zvepuraimari, 20% zvesekondari uye vari pasi pe10% vane dzidzo yekuyunivhesiti. (Zvinosuruvarisa kuti idzi ndidzo nhamba dzekupedzisira kubva muna 1993, mamiriro acho anenge aita nani zvakare).
Mamiriro avo ekurarama
Zvichave pachena kuti apa ndipo panowanikwa mabhodhoro mazhinji. Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vezvitangwena ndivo squatters, land squatters uye vanogona kudzingwa chero nguva. Nzvimbo iri munharaunda yeKhlong Toei ndeye Port Authority uye vanhu vanogara imomo zvisiri pamutemo. Muvambi weDuang Prateep Foundation anoti akatodzingwa katanhatu uye aifanira kutsvaga imwe nzvimbo yekugara nguva dzese. Boka guru rinorenda nzvimbo vobva vavaka imba yavo vamene kana kuti kuroja imba. Marendi anowanzo ari pakati pemazana mashanu nemazana mashanu baht pamwedzi, nepamusoro pe6 baht.
Dzimba dziri pedyo zvikuru pamwe chete, pane kushayikwa kukuru kwekuvanzika. Nepo muThailand imba ine avhareji yevanhu vanongopfuura vatatu, mudzimba dzezvitangwena vanhu vatanhatu. Mavakirwo edzimba dzacho ari nyore, kazhinji anogadzirwa nematanda ane denga remarata. Nzira dzakatetepa uye hadzina kuenzana.
Dzimba zhinji dzine magetsi nemvura. Kurasa mvura yetsvina pamwe ndiro dambudziko guru. Kune cesspits, asi yakawanda yacho inongoyerera ichipinda munzvimbo, iyo saka yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya uye inonhuwa. Zvishoma zvinoitwa pamusoro pekuyerera kwemvura inonaya, izvo zvinoita kuti ivhu rinyorove uye dzimwe nguva rinongoita sedhamu. Tsvina inotutirawo.
Vakuru vemadhorobha vanowanzozeza kuvandudza nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nekuti vanoda kuti vagari vezvitangwena vabve.
Chii chakaitwa nezvazvo?
Kunyange hazvo zvakanyanya kutariswa dambudziko reurombo mumaruwa, pave paine zvirongwa zvakawanda mumakumi emakore achangopfuura ekugadzirisa dambudziko rezvitangwena. Zvivako zvemafurati zvakachipa uye zvinotsigirwa zvakavakwa. Ikoko kwaiwanzova kukundikana: vakanga vachiri kudhura zvikuru, kure zvikuru nebasa uye vasina mhoteredzo yenzanga inofadza. Vanhu vazhinji vakairenda kune vamwe vodzokera kudzimba dzavo dzezvitangwena vaine imwe mari. Kudzingwa kwezvitangwena kwakaitikawo, kazhinji kwekunakisa Bangkok. Vagari vacho vakawana muripo wemari asi vakadzokera kunogara mune imwe nzvimbo ine zvitangwena. Zvakaitika zvishoma kuti vagari vakabatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvakatemerwa kubva kumusoro. Kazhinji vanoramba.
Zvinowanzoitikawo kuti varidzi vanodzima chibvumirano chepasi nemba kuitira kuti vatengese ivhu. Izvi zvinounza mari yakawanda, kunyanya munzvimbo dzepakati peBangkok.
flydragon / Shutterstock.com
ramangwana
Hurongwa hwekugariswa patsva hunoenderera mberi. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende inoda kutenga varidzi veminda uye kutengesa ivhu nemutengo wekutengesa kune vagari avo, maererano neruzivo, vanozoisa mari yakawanda munzvimbo yekugara iri nani. Nekudaro, varidzi veminda vanogona kuwana mutengo wakakwira zvakanyanya pamusika wakajairwa.
Vanhu vazhinji vanowanzotenda kuti haisi kunyanya dambudziko reimba asi dambudziko rehurombo huzhinji nekuwedzera kwekuregeredza kwemaune kwemabasa ehurumende nehurumende.
Muna 1958 46% yedzimba dzose dzaive muzvitangwena, zvino yangodarika 6%. Zvichida chikonzero chokuva netariro?
Nzvimbo huru:
https://www.slideshare.net/xingledout/the-eyesore-in-the-city-of-angels-slums-in-bangkok
Kufamba nemuKhlong Toei slum (5 maminetsi): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abEyvtXRJyI
Rwendo rupfupi rwechitima runonakidza kuburikidza neKhlong Toei netsanangudzo yakakodzera. Kutarisa! (7 maminitsi): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLKAImfBjsI
Nezve zvitangwena muChiang Mai: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/
Nezve Prateep Ungsongtham nehwaro hwake hweDuang Prateep, hwavepo kwemakore makumi mana, uye hwakamisikidza mapurojekiti mazhinji, kunyanya edzidzo, munzvimbo yeKhlong Toei. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prateep_Ungsongtham_Hata
Bangkok Post: www.bangkokpost.com/print/317726/
Chipenga chakanaka Tony. Nhamba dzinokatyamadza pakutanga, asi paunofunga nezvazvo, hazvishamisi zvachose. Ndosaka zvakanaka kusaenda nemudumbu, asi zvakare kuve pachena nezve izvo tsvakiridzo, mishumo, nezvimwe. Kana iwe wakavhurika kwazviri, unogona kuchinjisa pfungwa dzako kune chokwadi.
Kana dziri zvitangwena, tinoona zvishoma uye zvishoma. Sezvo mari, magariro uye mamiriro ehupfumi emugari achivandudza, izvo zvakawandisa (marata eimba) zvichave zvishoma uye zvishoma. Nehurombo, Thailand ndiyo nyika ine hukuru hwekusaenzana kwemari, saka zvichatora nguva kuti 'wese' Thai ave nedenga rakanaka pamusoro wake, mari yakanaka uye haafanire kurarama zuva nezuva. Kugariswa patsva haisi mhinduro, asi chero bedzi vanhu vane tsvina vakapfuma vari pamusoro vanosarudza kuvhara matambudziko chaiwo...
Zvinobatsira here vagari vanga vachibvuta minda kwezvizvarwa zvemabasa avo? Ivo zvino vava kuziva kubva pakuberekwa kuti vanogona kugara ikoko nenyasha dzomumwe munhu uye kuti rimwe zuva vachatofanira kubuda imomo.
Chero usina kudzidza basa riripo uye haufanirwe kuita mwana ane 18, asi hongu, muraini imomo makanaka saka mungatizirei.
Musoro wemujecha umo tsitsi dzisina kufanira.
Tsitsi uye kunzwisisa hazvina kumbova zvisina kukodzera. Semukuru wenyanzvi ndakabatsira vaimbove vakuru veSS. Wakandiudza kuti ndaifanira kuvarega vachifa?
Ndoda funga nezvemhinduro.
Pane kupatsanurwa kwemasimba nemafungiro.
Sachiremba unoedza kubvisa dambudziko remunhu uye semumiriri wemitemo unogona kubvisa nzanga yevakuru veSS vane mhosva zvachose, sezvakaitika kuNetherlands kusvika pakupera kwaKurume 1952.
Handina kukwanisa kurarama nepfungwa (uye ndosaka ndisiri nyanzvi yehutano hwehutano) kuti vanhu vakadaro vanofanira kuregererwa (verenga: vakabatsirwa) nokuda kwekutambura kwavakaita vamwe uye izvo zvinoramba zvichirangarirwa gore negore.
Ipapo bhiriji rinogona kuvakwa pakarepo, sekunge murume akadaro weSS akapinda netsaona mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai uye kuti izvi zvinoshandawo kune vagari venzvimbo ine slum uye wobva wazviwana iwe uri munjodzi.
Mhinduro ndeyokuti vagari vanofanira kuziva kuti haisi pfuma yavo nokudaro vasanyunyute kana muridzi achida ivhu. Munopa vagari chigunwe chekushandisa ivhu, asi vanotora maoko maviri kana washandisa kodzero dzako.
Sezvatsanangurwa, vazhinji vavo vane basa rakajairika uye pane mukana wekusiya nharaunda. Apartments kubva pa3000-5000 baht ndeyerendi, asi vanosarudza kugara pavanenge vari kuti vawane mari yasara.
Chero bedzi vashandi vanobva kuLaos, Cambodia neMyanmar vachigara mufurati muBangkok, mukuona kwangu mhinduro yacho inofanira kunyatsotsvakwa mumafungiro evagari vezvitangwena ivavo.
Uye ini ndinonzwisisa mafungiro aya: Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakatarwa, mune zvivakwa zvinongodiwa, kune hukama hwakasimba hwemagariro uye ine chimwe chinhu chinotonhorera, chimwe chinhu chakaita semigove yaidiwa nemaDutch kupedza chirimo, saka enda, unotsiva marata. ine matenga ebhitumini uye inotaridzika zvakanaka kwemakore anotevera.
Takadzidza Duang Prateep. Zvinoitwa nemukadzi uyu nenheyo dzake zvinoshamisa. Kwete kutaura, asi nenzira inoshanda mazuva ese.
nzira yekuedza kubatsira vanhu vari muzvitangwena.Nyaya iri nyore yokuti Foundation yake yakatobudisa vanachiremba vakawanda vakapedza zvidzidzo uye vamwe vakadzidza nezvimwe kubva kuvana vainzi vakanga vasina kana (zviri pamutemo) “kuvako” hazvitendeseki. Asi kune zvimwe zvakawanda.
Saka zita rake ndiPrateep Ungsongtham ane dzimwe nguva Hata' kumashure kwake nekuti akaroora muJapan. Ona Wikipedia link iri pamusoro.
Zvakanaka kwazvo kwauri kuti uise iye nenheyo yake munzvimbo inotaridzika zvakare. Vashoma 'vakajairwa' vanhu vakanaka vekuThai vanoremekedzwa, kukudzwa kwakanyanya kunoenda kune 'vanhu vepamusoro'.
Nyora chimwe chinhu nezvake, hwaro hwake uye zviitiko zvako! Izvozvo zvakakosha zvikuru kuziva!
Ndakaverenga chinyorwa ichi nekukasira, saka pamwe chine mhinduro kumubvunzo wangu, asi kunewo kirasi yepakati nehupfumi munzvimbo idzodzo?
Saka 7Eleven, zvitoro zvechikafu, masaja parlors, nezvimwe…?
Chokwadi, Pat. Vanhu vanenge 100.000 7 vanogara imomo. Mamiriro ekugara anosiyana, haasi ese ari mashacks, kune zvakare (akasakara kwazvo) zvivakwa zvemafurati, kune temberi, chiteshi chemapurisa, 11-XNUMX, zvikoro, zvitoro zvakawanda zvekudya, musika mukuru une mukurumbira, dhorobha. horo, chiteshi che metro. Iguta. Handizive nezvemasaja parlors...