Kudzikiswa kwerusununguko rwedzidzo muThailand
Kuratidzira kwevadzidzi paChulalongkorn University (NanWdc / Shutterstock.com)
Rusununguko rwemudzidzi rwakakosha kwete chete mukutsvaga chokwadi mukati meyunivhesiti asiwo kunharaunda yakakura. Rusununguko rwedzidzo ihwaro hwepasi rose uye hwakakosha hwekuvimbisa kunaka kwedzidzo mumhando dzese dzedzidzo. Sangano rinogona kushanda zvakanaka chete kana rusununguko urwu rwuripo. MuThailand, idzi rusununguko rwedzidzo hadzipo zvakanyanya.
Izvi zvine chekuita nerusununguko rwekutsvagisa mukati meyunivhesiti, asiwo nezvekugovana mhedzisiro nemamwe masangano, akadai sedzimwe dzidzo, vezvenhau uye nzanga zvakazara. Izvi zvinoda kuti yunivhesiti ive nekuzvimirira, kuvimbika uye kuzvidzora, pasina kupindira kwekunze.
Rusununguko rwezvidzidzo
Rega nditaure mashoma, pamwe pane akawanda. Kutanga, rusununguko rwokutaura mushoko rinotaurwa uye rakanyorwa. Kupfuurirazve, rusununguko rwokugadza vanhu vanokwanisa muupenyu hweyunivhesiti pasina kupesvedzerwa mukati norusaruro kana kuti tsigiro kana kuti kupindira kwezvematongerwe enyika kunobva kunze. Uye pakupedzisira, kukwanisa kuronga uye kupinda chidzidzo nemimwe misangano uye kubvumira kuratidzwa nemapoka ose ari maviri panzvimbo yeyunivhesiti.
Dhigirii rerusununguko rwedzidzo muThailand
Nhamba dzandinopa pano dzinobva kune webhusaiti inotaurwa mune zvinyorwa. Zvinounganidzwa zvichibva paruzivo rwunopihwa nevanodzidza munyika dzine chekuita nedzidzo. Pachiyero kubva padiki kwazvo (0) kusvika pakawanda (1) rusununguko, zvinotevera zvinoshanda kuThailand.
1975 0.4
1977 0.14
2000 0.58
2007 0.28
2012 0.56
2015 0.11
2020 0.13
Panyaya yerusununguko rwedzidzo, Thailand yave muboka rimwechete neChina, North Korea, Middle East neCuba. Dzimwe nyika dzeSoutheast Asia dziri kuita zviri nani: Malaysia 0.5, Cambodia 0.35 neIndonesia 0.7.
Mukuenzanisa: Netherlands 0.9 uye US zvakare 0.9.
Zviripachenawo kuona kuti nguva yega yega mushure mekusununguka kwechiuto chedzidzo kwakadonha zvakanyanya (1977, 2007, 2015) vobva vapora, kunze kwekunge iko zvino mushure mekupokana kwa2014.
Mimwe mienzaniso yekuenzanisira
Kutarisisa kwangu kune iyi musoro kwakakweverwa kune ichangoburwa positi nezve David Streckfuss. Akagara muThailand kwemakore 35, akaroora muThai. Akashanda paKhon Kaen University kwemakore makumi maviri nemanomwe achitsigira International Student Exchange Organisation (CIEE) uye ndiye muvambi akakosha uye anopa kuThe Isaan Record webhusaiti. Muna 27 bhuku rake 'Truth on Trial in Thailand, Defamation, treason and lèse-majesté' rakabudiswa.
Nguva pfupi yadarika, akati wandei emapurisa ekubvakacha akashanyira rector weKhon Kaen University kunonyunyuta nezvekupinda kwake mune zvematongerwo enyika mushure mekunge aronga chiitiko muna Kukadzi kuti vanyori, maartist, vadzidzi uye varatidziri kuti vataure nezve nyaya dzeIsan. Ipapo yunivhesiti yakakanzura mvumo yake yebasa uye ndinonzwisisa kuti aigona kurasikirwa nemvumo yake yokugarawo. Yunivhesiti iyi inoti magwaro ake ekushanda akakanzurwa nekuda kwekutadza kuita basa rake nemazvo. Akaendesa gwaro idzva remvumo yebasa rebasa rake kuThe Isaan Record. Hapasati pave nemhinduro kune izvozvo.
Vezvenhau vekurudyi uye vehumambo muThailand vanomupomera mhosva yekuva mumiriri weCIA anobhadharwa akabatanidzwa mukuratidzira kwazvino. Anoda kubvisa humambo.
Titipol Phakdeewanich, Dean wePolitical Science payunivhesiti muUbon Ratchathani akakumbirwa nemutsa kuti ashanyire muzinda wemauto ikoko kakawanda munguva ya2014-2017. Muna 2017 vakaudzwa kuti musangano wekodzero dzevanhu watadza kuitwa.
Chayan Vaddhanaphuti akapomerwa mhosva yevamwe vadzidzi 4 kubva kuChiang Mai University yekuronga musangano wepasi rose wekodzero dzevanhu muna 2017. Vakuru vemauto vakapinda musangano. Vadzidzisi vakabva varatidzira pamberi peyunivhesiti vaine chikwangwani chaiti: 'Yunivhesiti haisi musasa wemauto'.
Nattapol Chaicing, Iye zvino ari mudzidzisi paSuan Sunandha Rajabhat University muBangkok, akaburitsa bhuku redzidzo rinotengeswa zvakanyanya muna 2020 'The Junta, Lords, and the Eagle' rinokurukura nezvebasa ramambo mune zvematongerwo enyika zveThai. Dissertation yepakutanga yake yave kuongororwa neChulalongkorn University, uye akatarisana nemhosva dzinoverengeka dzekupokana.
Kuratidzira kuMahidol yunivhesiti (kan Sangtong / Shutterstock.com)
Vadzidzi vaviri pamusoro perusununguko rwedzidzo
saowanee alexander, mubatsiri purofesa paUbon Ratchathani University anodzidza hukama pakati pemutauro nezvematongerwo enyika akaudza bhuku reTimes Higher Education:
"Kuratidzira kwazvino (2020-21) kune rusununguko rwevanhu. Vadzidzi veThai vane chekuita nekuratidzira uku mune chero chinzvimbo vanga vachitsoropodza hurumende kubva pakaitika coup [2014] uye vanga vachityisidzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana.
Panyaya yerusununguko rwedzidzo, zvikuru kusimudzwa kwemaonero nemirau kubva kumusoro, hazvigone kuitika munguva pfupi iri kutevera,” vakadaro. "Sitimu yakadzika midzi yezvitendero zvechinyakare nezve izvo zvekudzidza uye maitiro ekudzidza zviri pamwoyo wedzidzo yeThai."
James Buchanan mudzidzisi anoshanya paMahidol University International College uye mumiriri wePhD achidzidza zvematongerwo enyika eThai paCity University yeHong Kong anoti:
'Rusununguko rwedzidzo idambudziko muThailand. Kutya lèse-majesté dzimwe nguva kwakatadzisa basa revadzidzi mukati nokunze kweThailand. Vamwe vadzidzi vanogona kusarudza kuzviongorora kana kunzvenga tsvakiridzo pane dzimwe nyaya, nepo vamwe vangave vakasarudza kunyora vachishandisa manyepo. Uye makonferensi pamusoro penyaya dzinonetsa anowanzo kuve zvinhu zvine mhirizhonga. Asi tave kuona chishuwo chakasimba mukuratidzira kweThai nguva pfupi yadarika yekutyora zvimiro izvi, uye nharaunda yezvidzidzo - muThailand nenyanzvi nezveThailand kunze kwenyika - vane basa rekutsigira izvozvo. Kuratidzira kwaiitwa zvikuru nevechidiki mugore rapfuura kwaingogara kuri pamusoro perusununguko rwekutaura. Mayunivhesiti mazhinji akarambidza kuungana uku.
Mhedziso
Ini handikwanise kuita zvirinani pane kutora mashoko Titipol Phakdeewanich kubva kuchinyorwa chiri muNyika yataurwa pazasi. Chinyorwa ichocho chinobva muna 2017 panguva yekutonga kwejunta, asi ndinotenda zvishoma zvave nani kubva ipapo. Handisati ndanzwa chero mishumo yekuti mayunivhesiti pachawo akazvipira kune mamwe rusununguko, pane kudaro.
Titipol anonyora muna 2017:
Pavakazendamira kune junta, mayunivhesiti eThai anga achizeza kuchengetedza rusununguko rwekambasi, muchidimbu nekuti vaiona kurwiswa kwemauto parusununguko rwedzidzo sechinhu chinonetsa munhu. Kana mayunivhesiti achinge atungamira mukusimbisa hutongi hwechiuto, rusununguko rwezvidzidzo rwuri mungozi. Yave nguva yekuti mayunivhesiti eThai adzokorore kuzvipira kwavo kuchengetedza rusununguko rwedzidzo. Chinangwa chikuru cheyunivhesiti ndechekushandira veruzhinji uye nharaunda yezvidzidzo, kwete kushanda sesangano rehurumende rine basa rekutevera mirairo yejunta kana hurumende. Mavhoti ezvidzidzo nezviitiko hazvifanirwe kuonekwa sekutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kwenyika uye nguva yejunta yedemokrasi. Maitiro ane njodzi aya akawedzerwa nekusavimbana kuri kuwedzera kwevezvematongerwo enyika pakati pekupokana mune zvematongerwo enyika yeThai mumakore gumi apfuura nekuda kwerusununguko. Democracy inoshanda pamisimboti yerusununguko nerusununguko, ukuwo mauto achiita basa rekuraira nekuteerera. Saka democracy nemauto zvakangofanana uye zviripo munzvimbo dzakapesana. Thai mayunivhesiti haakwanise kutsausa veruzhinji kana vachida kuti demokrasi irarame uye ibudirire. Nehurombo, mayunivhesiti eThai haafanire kuwana hushingi hwekuchengetedza rusununguko rwedzidzo chero nguva munguva pfupi. Kuramba kuchidzikira kwerusununguko rwedzidzo muThailand nekudaro kwete nekuda kwekumanikidzwa nemauto chete, asiwo nenyaya yekuti mayunivhesiti anobvumira rusununguko irworwo kutsikirirwa. '
Source
Iyo data yerusununguko rwedzidzo muThailand (nedzimwe nyika) mumakumi emakore adarika anobva pane saiti iri pazasi. Iwo akada kuenzana nenhamba dzandakawana pane mamwe masaiti: www.v-dem.net/en/analysis/VariableGraph/
- Titipol Phakdeewanich's 2017 nyaya: 'Rusununguko rwedzidzo rwuri kufa pasi pehutongi hwemauto: Mayunivhesiti anofanira kusimuka' muNyika:www.nationthailand.com/opinion/30326197
- Nei rusununguko mudzidzo rwakakosha pamhando yedzidzo: www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20210311071016522
- Imwe webhusaiti ine mucherechedzo wepasi rose werusununguko rwedzidzo: www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/03/30/new-index-rates-countries-degree-freedom-scholars
- Ongororo yakazara yekutyorwa kwerusununguko rwedzidzo muThailand kubvira 2014 kubva kuPrachatai webhusaiti: prachatai.com/english/category/academic-freedom
- Mupiro kubva kuna Mark S. Cogan muSoutheast Asia Globe Kubvumbi 21: southeastasiaglobe.com/academic-freedom-thailand/
David Streckfuss akabatanidzwa neIsaan Record pakutanga, asi haasi nhengo yekutanga, webhusaiti yakasimbisa izvi zvakare mumeseji yapfuura Chivabvu 20. Prachatai anopenda mufananidzo wekukurumidza kubvisa kwaDavid gwaro rake rekushanda. Mapato akasiyana-siyana anobatanidzwa akaita akati wandei, dzimwe nguva anopesana, zvirevo nezvekubviswa kwemvumo yebasa. Zviri pamutemo, chikonzero nei David asina kuita basa rake nemazvo mugore rapfuura ndechekuti: iye ane basa rechirongwa chekuchinjana kwevadzidzi uye zvishoma zvakauya nazvo muna 2020 (gosh, are you serious?). Asi imwe tsananguro ndeyokuti zviremera zvakashanyira yunivhesiti kuti zvivazivise kuti mabasa aDavid haakosheswi (kutaura nezve decentralization uye kumiririra Isaaners hazvina kunaka muBangkok?). Mushure mezvo yunivhesiti yakasvika pamhedzisiro yekuti David haana kuita basa rake nemazvo…
https://prachatai.com/english/node/9185
Zviremera zvinoda kushanya kubva kuvarwi uye / kana mapurisa, kungave kuburikidza nekukurukurirana nevanhu (networking yakakurumbira muThailand) kana nekutarisa zvinooneka (kuchengetedzwa kwenyika uye zvichingodaro ...). Rusununguko rwekutaura, kuongorora kutsoropodza, kutsoropodza uye kutaura chokwadi chisingaenderane neavo vari pamasimba ndezvechipiri kukosha kwekukosha kwe'kubatana' uye 'kuchengetedzwa kwenyika'. Ibva padanho uye iwe uri njodzi inogona kuitika uye iwe uchaziva kuti neakavanzika uye asina kujeka mazano ... Kana mapurofesa aya akatora nzvimbo yavo zvakare, jecha richapera zvakare, kwaive "kusanzwisisana" (ความเข้าใจผิด , akauya khâo-tjai pìt). Kana iwe usingazivi nzvimbo yako, saka hapana nzvimbo yako munzanga ... Uye chero bedzi mauto anonyengera ane matende mashoma mune zvematongerwo enyika uye ekutonga, izvi hazvichinje nekukurumidza. Nharaunda yakasununguka ine nhaurirano dzine hutano, kubuda pachena, kuzvidavirira uye kugona kuisa nyaya pabvunzo hazvigoneke munguva pfupi. Dzakadaro tsitsi.
Zvingaitira Thailand zvakanaka kana mapurofesa (nevatapi venhau, FCCT vakaita gakava kwete kare kare nezvekudzora pepanhau muThailand) vaigona kungoita zvavo. Izvozvo zvaizobatsira nzanga uye naizvozvo nyika.
Ndakaverengawo dzimwe nyaya.
Ndiye mutungamiriri wesangano rinoronga zvirongwa zvekutsinhana kwevadzidzi kunyanya vadzidzi vekuAmerica. Anoendeswa kuyunivhesiti (haashandire fakaroti) uye muhoro wake unobhadharwa zviri pamutemo neyunivhesiti (zvakare nekuda kwemvumo yake yebasa) asi sangano rekuchinjana muUSA rinoridzorera kuyunivhesiti. Kuyunivhesiti haana shefu, anongova dhesiki/nzvimbo yebasa uye HAAshande kuyunivhesiti.
Nekuda kwenyaya dzeCovid, kufambiswa kwekuchinjana kwevadzidzi kwakadzikiswa kusvika pa0 nekudaro hapasisina basa kwaari. Saka sangano muUSA rakamisa kondirakiti yake (tarisiro yeramangwana hainawo kunaka) uye hapana chikonzero chekuti yunivhesiti imupinze basa kana kuti 'kumuchengeta' pabepa.
Bhuku rake rinotsoropodza rakatoburitswa muna 2011 uye kana vanhu vakanyatsoda kumubvisa, vangadai vakazviita nekukurumidza mushure meimwe yeakawanda coups d'état kubvira 1990. Ave nemakore 27 achishanda muno.
Hongu, Chris, zvinogoneka kuti uri kutaura chokwadi nezvaDavid Sreckfuss uye kuti mvumo yake yebasa haina kunyimwa kana kubviswa nekuda kwezvirambidzo parusununguko, asi nekuti mabasa ake akamiswa.
Ini zvino ndaverenga kuti chirongwa cheCIEE chekuchinjana kwevadzidzi chaakashanda uye aive nekamuri kuyunivhesiti chakatopera muna Chikumi 2020 (nekuda kwecovid-19?), kuti akazowana mvumo nyowani yekushanda muna Nyamavhuvhu, iyo yakazobviswa. nguva isati yakwana. Nyaya dziri kutenderera munhau dzinofungidzira kuti zvakaitika nekuda kwechimiro chake chezvematongerwo enyika, asi ini zvino ndinewo kupokana kwangu. Ndinokumbira ruregerero.
Ndichamira nenyaya yangu yese.
Tichifunga nezvemhando yedzidzo isina mubvunzo, iwe unogara uchinzwa kuti vadiki vepamusoro vachiri kutonga muThailand vanosarudza kuchengeta iyo inopindirana mumadenderedzwa avo.
Zvechokwadi, mubvunzo unomuka, ndeipi nyika ichiri kukwanisa kurasikirwa nematarenda akawanda nokusingaperi?
@Tino,
Ndatenda nerubatsiro uye heino mubvunzo.
Panewo here zvirambidzo zvevadzidzisi vasinganzveri miganhu yezviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika?
Zuva rega rega, vakuru vakuru veThai vari kushanda munyika uye pasi rose pamatongerwo uye zvibvumirano zvepasi rose kuti vashumire zvido zvenyika. Eg. zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvine ruzivo kusvika padanho rekupedzisira uye hazviratidzike kwandiri kuti aya akapusa hanzi asingabvumidzwe kutaura maonero, asi hongu ndinogona kunge ndakakanganisa.
Ehe, Johnny, kune vazhinji vakanaka uye vakashinga vadzidzi kunze uko.
Izvi zvirambidzo parusununguko rwedzidzo zvine chekuita nemaonero ezvematongerwo enyika, asi zvakabatanidzwawo nemaonero ezvemagariro evanhu nehupfumi hwenyika. Rusununguko rwekutaura runoita basa guru mune izvi. Mitemo yakasiyana inoshanda kuvashandi vehurumende, kunyange zvazvo kunewo kudzvinyirira kwakawandisa kubva kumusoro. Kutaura nezvehuwori muhurumende ibasa rinenge risingaite. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune dzimwe hurumende, asi zvishoma.
Ndinonzwa kuti rusarura uye kutsigira zvinowanzoitika munharaunda yezvidzidzo. Izvi zvinotadzisa kugadzwa kwevadzidzi vakanaka vanofunga vakazvimirira. Izviwo kuderedza rusununguko. Ndakataurawo nezvekugara kuchiongororwa zvinoitika muyunivhesiti nemapurisa nemauto, kurambidzwa kunoitwa nguva dzose kuita hurukuro uye kumwe kuungana.
Kune zvakare zvipingamupinyi zvinodiwa mukati meyunivhesiti kana zvasvika kune nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza dzinokanganisa zvido zvebhizinesi.
Ndinotenda zvinhu zvose maererano nekuchengetedza uye kana ndanzwisisa zvakarurama izvo zvinoitikawo muNetherlands apo vashandi vanopiwa mubairo nenzvimbo muimba ye2 (kusanganisira VVD) nokuti vanonyatsogadzikana pasina muvhoti achiona.
Nezve nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, ndiri kuda kuziva zvauri kureva. Zvave zvichizivikanwa kwemakore kuti mupunga kunze kwenyika unofanira kurimwa chete muChao Praya delta uye kuti Isaan mupunga unofanira kuzvishandisa wega. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana muIsaan. Nekuda kwesalinization (saizi yeBelgium), yakawanda uye isinga shandiswe ivhu iri kuwanikwa inogona kuzadzwa ne solar panel. Chinhu chakadai chiri kurwiwa kuyunivhesiti here?
pamayunivhesiti e304 uye zvikoro zvepamusoro muThailand, 4 ari pamusoro pezana pasi rose, uye hapana ari pamusoro pe1000. Ipapo unoziva, handizvo here?
kwakabva: https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1979459/thai-universities-in-global-rankings
Ndinoshanda semudzidzi (teacher and researcher) payunivhesiti yeThai uye ndinoomerwa zvikuru nenyaya yaTino uye handitsigire zvaanofunga zvachose.
Ndakagovera zvikonzero zveizvi naTino mumatanho ekutanga ekutumira uku:
- indekisi yerusununguko rwedzidzo yakavakirwa pajecha rekukurumidza: vangangosvika gumi neshanu vadzidzi muThailand vakapedza gwaro remibvunzo (zvichida muChirungu kuitira kuti 15% yevadzidzi veThai vasabatanidzwa); pamwe avo vanonyanya kutsamwa;
- chinongedzo chiri pakati peindekisi iyi nemacoups chinongoshanda sekubatana pakati pehuwandu hweshuramurove nehuwandu hwekuzvarwa;
- Ndanga ndichishanda pano kubva muna 2006 uye handina kunyatsocherechedza chimwe chezvipingamupinyi izvi, kwete mukudzidzisa kwangu (Ndinokurukura nyaya dzose nevadzidzi vangu, kusanganisira izvo zvinorambidzwa, asi ndinodzidza kuzvifunga ini uye kashoma kupa maonero angu; iro HASI basa rangu semudzidzisi), kwete mukutsvagisa kwangu uye mapepa emusangano;
- vatsvakurudzi vezvidzidzo vanofanira kutevedzera mhedziso dzekutsvakurudza kwavo. Uye maererano nedzidzo, mamiriro ehutano akaiswa nehurumende mukuwedzera kune yavo yekugadzira makirasi avo. Zvavanofunga, kuita uye kushambadza vari voga (sezvandinoita pano paThailandblog uye Mr. Streckfuss muIsaan Record) hainei nechokuita nerusununguko rwezvidzidzo asi nerusununguko rwekutaura runoshanda kumunhu wese. Vamwe 'vanodzidza' vanoshungurudza MBA yavo uye PhD chimiro nekutaura maonero epachivande izvo zvinobva zvawedzera huremu;
- kune veruzhinji uye akazvimirira mayunivhesiti muThailand. Aya mayunivhesiti akazvimiririra haana kutsamira kuhurumende kuti awane mari (dzidzo uye tsvakiridzo), saka kwete pa 'Prayut neuto';
-kutsvagisa kwakawanda HAKUNA kupihwa mari nehurumende yeThai kana makambani, asi (chikamu) nemasangano ekunze nemari. Uye kazhinji zvakare inoratidzwa kunze kweThailand (magazini, misangano);
- kubatwa kwemhosva dzinosanganisira kushaya rusununguko rwedzidzo hazvireve kuti itsika.
Handidi kudzokorora nyaya yangu naTino saka ndichasiya zvakadaro.