Zvinhu zvekune dzimwe nyika muSiamese/Thai zvivakwa - basa raKarl Döhring

Karl Dohring

Mumipiro miviri yapfuura pamusoro pemaitiro ekunze muSiamese neThai zvivakwa, ndakateerera maItalian. Ini ndinoda kuita sarudzo nekutora chinguva kufunga mufananidzo unonakidza wemugadziri weGerman Karl Döhring. Haana kugadzira zvakada kuita semaItaly ambotaurwa, asi zvivakwa zvaakavaka muSiam, mumaonero angu akazvininipisa, zviri pakati pezvakanakisa zvinoratidza musanganiswa unoshamisa pakati penzvimbo nenzvimbo. Farang-architecture inogona kupa.

Sokunge izvo zvisina kukwana, Döhring akadzika munhoroondo semumwe wevachengeti venhaka yeSiamese, uyo asina kungoita basa rakakosha rekudzidza mune izvi, asi zvakare akaburitsa iro basa rekudzidza kuti ribatsire zvizvarwa zvinotevera. Haana kungomutsa kufarira kuSiam pakati pevaverengi veGerman, asi mifananidzo yake yakadzama uye mapikicha zvakaratidza kukosha makumi mashoma emakore gare gare kuThai Dhipatimendi reFine Arts panguva yekutanga kukuru kudzoreredza uye kuchengetedza mabasa.

Karl Siegfried Döhring - ane zita raiwanzonyorwa zvisizvo saDöring - akaberekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 14, 1879 muCologne mumhuri yemunyori wehofisi yeposvo. Haana kutevera tsoka dzababa vake nekuti Karl Siegfried sezviri pachena ainakidzwa nehunyanzvi uye zvivakwa kubva paudiki. Mushure mekupedza chikoro chake chesekondari muNeustetin - uko mhuri yakanga yatamira - akabva asarudza kudzidza zvivakwa panzvimbo inozivikanwa yeKonigliches Technische Hochschule muBerlin - Charlottenburg, uko vamwe vevanonyanya kuzivikanwa vagadziri veBerlin vakaita saJulius Raschdorff naOtto Schmalz dzidziso. vashandi vaive. Döhring aive mudzidzi ane shungu kwazvo uyo, pamusoro pekudzidza zvivakwa, akanyoreswawo kuvon Humboldt University kumakosi enhoroondo yehunyanzvi, archeology uye uzivi.

Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake akafadzwa neSoutheast Asia art uye zvivakwa muhuwandu uye Burmese kunyanya. Mushure mekufa kwake muna 1905 cum laude Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza muCharlotteburg, akakurumidza kukumbira basa kuhurumende yeSiamese. Kare muna May 1906, akasvika muBangkok nemuroora wake mutsva Margarethe Erbguth, uko mwedzi miviri gare gare akatanga kushanda sainjiniya wenjanji. Dhipatimendi rakanga riri mukuvandudzwa kuzere uye, zvakangoitika kana kuti kwete, rakanga riri mumaoko emainjiniya makuru eGermany kubvira 1891. Louis Wieler, uyo akatora Siamese Railways muna 1906, akanga ari, zvakare zvakangoitika kana kwete, aimbova mudzidzi weKonigliches Technische Hochschule muCharlottenburg ... Haana kungogadzira mabhiriji akawanda, madhipatimendi uye masangano ezvitima, asiwo. chiteshi chekare cheThonburi uye chivakwa chePhitsanulok, chakabhombwa panguva yeHondo Yenyika II.

Phra Ram Ratchani Law

MunaGunyana 1909, akatumwa naMambo Chulalongkorn kuvaka imba yamambo, Phra Ram Ratchaniwet Palace, muPhetchaburi. Pashure pokunge Chulalongkorn yabvumira zvirongwa zvacho muna Kubvumbi 1910, basa rakatanga nokukurumidza, asi kwaisazova kutozosvikira 1916 imba yamambo iyi isati yanyatsogadzirira kupindamo. Chulalongkorn pachake akanga afa musi waOctober 23, 1910, asi mwanakomana wake nomugari wenhaka anonzi Vajiravudh akaramba achitarisira basa rokuvaka. Chivako chacho chine nhurikidzwa mbiri chinoorora chakavakirwa papurani youriri hwemakona ine denga rakakwirira zvikuru remansard. Panyaya yechimiro, muzinda uyu ufakazi hwakanaka kuArt Nouveau, asi maererano nezvinhu zvekushongedza, zvinosanganisira tirairi ine mavara, kune zvakare yakajeka mafambiro akananga kuArt Deco, asiwo ane mbiru dzakasimba uye mbiya dzakafemerwa. avo vechechi dzeRomanesque kubva kuDöhrings 'vechidiki munharaunda yeRhine. Döhring ainyanya kufurirwa neBritish Aries & Crafts kufamba, asiwo neArt Nouveau yeDeutscher Werkbund yakavambwa muna 1907 naMuthesius, Behrens uye Flemish Henry van de Velde. Chii chinoita kuti chivakwa ichi chive chakasiyana zvachose ndechekuti yaive imwe yezvivakwa zvekutanga muSoutheast Asia kuvakwa kubva kune yakasimbiswa kongiri uye yekutanga chivakwa chevagari muSiam chine denga resimbi. Iyo yakaoma parizvino iri panzvimbo yemauto, asi inowanikwa. Chiratidziro chidiki chakamiswa muchivako chaunogona kuwana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvirongwa zvekutanga zvekuvaka zveDöhring.

Bang Khun Phrom Palace (ajisai13 / Shutterstock.com)

Chii chinoita kuti Döhrings 'oeuvre ive yakasarudzika ndeyekuti, kusiyana nevamwe vazhinji Farangvagadziri vezvivakwa vaishanda muBangkok nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza panguva iyoyo, havana kuunza zvisina tsarukano maitiro ekuMadokero maitiro, asi akaramba achitsvaga yakavanzika stylistic chiyero pakati peEast neWest. Muenzaniso wakanakisisa weizvi, mumaonero angu, ndiyo inonzi Varadi Palace, iyo muchokwadi yakawanda yeimba huru paLan Luang Road. Döhring akagadzira chivakwa ichi seimba yaPrince Damrong, mukoma waChulalongkorn ane simba anga ashanda seGurukota rezvemukati menyika uye Gurukota rezvedzidzo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Akagadzira imba yakanakisa yakavakwa pakati pa1910 na1911 iyo yakasanganisa zvakanakisa zvinhu zveArt Nouveau neChinese architecture. Nhasi ine raibhurari uye diki museum yakatsaurirwa kune inonakidza hupenyu hweDamrong. Zvinoshamisa zvakaenzana uye huchapupu hwekusika kwaDöhrings uye pfungwa yekududzira maitiro aive zvivakwa zvaakagadzirira Ban Khun Phromp Palace. Kunyanya, iyo Tamnak Somdej Wing, yakapedzwa muna 1913 kuna Mambokadzi Sukhumala Marasri, mudzimai wechitanhatu waChulalongkorn, achiri kupupurira kusimba kwekuvaka uye kirasi isingawanzoonekwa muBangkok.

Mufananidzo weDöhring muunganidzwa weBritish Libraray

Hapana chakamira munzira yebasa raDöhrings kutozosvikira ngwavaira yarovanya zvakasimba pakupera kwaMarch 1911. Mudzimai wake muduku akafa kamwe kamwe nekorera muBangkok. Ashungurudzwa nedambudziko iri, akatora zororo regore ndokuenda kuHeimat muna June 1911. Paakadzokera kuBangkok muzhizha ra1912, akanga asina chete kuwana doctorate yeCivil engineering kubva kuYunivhesiti yeDresden nedzidziso. Das Phrachedi muSiam, asi akaperekedzwawo nomudzimai wake wechipiri, Käthe Jarosch. Pamusoro pekutarisa mayadhi ake uye nyowani, chikamu chekuchera matongo, tsvagiridzo, kazhinji mukambani yePrince Damrong, muIsaan nekuchamhembe, akagadzirawo zvirongwa zveyunivhesiti itsva, asi iyo yekupedzisira yaive, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisina kujeka, haina kumbobvira yaita concretized. Ichi chinogona kunge chiri chimwe chezvikonzero nei akawedzera kubatwa nekuora mwoyo uye kunyange kuora mwoyo chaiko. Sekunge nhamo yese iyi yaive isina kukwana, akatambura kurasikirwa kukuru kwemari nekuda kwekukanzurwa kwemamwe mabasa akati wandei, izvo zvakaita kuti adonhe zvakanyanya mumupata ... Mambo Rama VI, uyo sezviri pachena aisakwanisa kuona imwe ye vaaki vezvivakwa vake vaaida zvikuru vanotyisidzira kuparara.kuti aende akamupa mari yaanotambira, mari inotambirwa pamwedzi. Akamupawo mvumo yekuchajazve mabhatiri ake muGermany.

Apo Döhring akabva kuChao Phraya pakupera kwaSeptember 1913, aisagona kufungidzira kuti aisazomboona mudiwa wake Siam zvakare ... Muna February 1914 akawana doctorate yake. magna cum laude paYunivhesiti yeErlangen sachiremba wehuzivi nedzidziso yake Der Bôt (Haupttempel) in den siamesischen Tempelanlagen, 66-mapeji etsika-nhoroondo yekudzidza, iyo yakabudiswa muna May wegore rimwe chetero.

Pakutanga aifanira kudzokera kuSiam muzhizha ra1914, asi kutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kwakamisa izvi. Akaunganidzwa semupurisa wereserve uye akaiswa kune imwe balloon unit semucherechedzi wepfuti. Anofanira kunge akaiswa kumberi nekuti akapihwa kirasi yeIron Cross II. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuwana doctorate yake neiyo thesis panguva yeHondo Huru, muna 1916 kuve nemazvo. Der Verzicht im öffentlichen Recht dhigirii remutemo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeGreifswald. Akabva atanga kudzidza philology netheology, asi hazvisi pachena kuti akapedza zvidzidzo izvi.

Mushure mehondo, vagadziri veGerman uye mainjiniya vakanga vasisina mukurumbira wakanaka mumusika weSiamese. Siam akanga apinda mumusasa weAllied muna June 1917 uye akaita kuti vagari vose vomuGermany vasungwe. Mukuru waDöhrings, Louis Wieler, akanga ari mumwe wevatorwa vokuGermany vakanga vafa nenhamo pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yeAfrica muna January 1918 panguva yokudzorerwa kwake munyika ari mungarava yeDenmark. Döhrings waaishanda naye wepedyo, injinjini Eisenhofer, waakashanda naye mukuvandudza iyo inonzi Northern Railway, akange atofa mutsaona inouraya muchirimo cha1914 panguva yekuvakwa kweKhuntan tunnel padyo neLampang. Döhring akakarira kudzoka nokukurumidza, asi zvishoma nezvishoma akaziva kuti ikoku kwaisazova kwokukurumidza. Kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere kuipa, muchato wake naKäthe Jarosch wakagumawo.

Döhring angangove achitsvaga pekubudisira matambudziko ake uye akazvipira kunyora zvetsika-nhoroondo zvinyorwa nezveIndia neSiam. Basa rake remavhoriyamu matatu rakabudiswa pakati pe1920 na1923 Buddhist Tembere Layouts muSiam paAsia Publishing House. Iri basa rine mifananidzo yakawanda rinoramba riri rimwe remabhuku ereferenzi kana zvasvika pakuvakwa kwe18^e mu 19^e zana remakore reSiamese temberi uye inoonekwa seimwe yezvakanakisa tsika-nhoroondo zvidzidzo zvakamboitwa na Farang paSiamese zvivakwa zvakaburitswa.

Kavha yeimwe yezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo zvaDöhring

Muna 1923 yakapinda muFolkwang Verlag Siam: Die Bildende Kunst kubva kumapepanhau. Izvi zvakatevera makore maviri gare gare Art uye Crafts muSiam: Lacquer basa mune dema negoridhe naJulius Bard Verlag. Döhring aive munyori airatidza kuve jack wezvese zvekutengesa. Novel yake yakabudiswa muna 1927 Im Schatten Buddhas: Roman eines siamesischen Prinzen pasi peiyo exotic-inonzwika pseudonym Ravio Ravendro.

Makore mashoma gare gare akanyora bhuku renhoroondo zvakare saRavi Ravendro Kubhururuka kubva kuBuddha's Gesetz - Die Liebe des Prinzessin Amarin.  Zvisinei, Döhring akasuma bhuku iri pasi pezita rake sezvinotevera: "Ndakapedza nguva yakanaka kwazvo muhupenyu hwangu muSiam, kwandaive nevashandi venguva refu. Mushure mekudzidza mune zvimwe fakultäten ndakakwanisa kuona zviitiko zvangu muBangkok. Unter der Regierung der Herrscher Chulalongkorn und Vajiravudh baute ich more Palais für den König und für die Prinzen des Königlichen Hauses, und während meines Aufenthaltes in diesem letzten unabhängigen Buddhists Königreich des Horfeerheich ich des Horfeerheich ich des Horfen siames. Ndakanakidzwa nehupenyu hwangu hweRomantic, runako rwayo uye hunyanzvi hwayo muchimiro chaSiam. ”…

Ravo Ravendro akanga asiri wake ega nom de plume nekuti akaburitsawo pasi pemazita Hans Herdegen naDr. Hans Barbeck ainyanya kududzira kubva kuChirungu achifarira basa reainyanya kufarirwa Edgar Wallace kuGermany - muvambi wezvinofadza zvemazuva ano - waakadudzira angangoita mabhuku makumi matanhatu nemana. Anofanira kunge akashandura nekunyora nekumhanya kunoshamisa nekuti mazita anodarika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu anozivikanwa kuti akaturikirwa naDöhring kubva kuChirungu….

Upenyu hwakapfuma hwaKarl Döhring hwakasvika kumagumo musi waNyamavhuvhu 1, 1941 apo iye, akanganikwa nevekunze, akafa zvisingazivikanwe muchipatara muDarmstadt.