Archibald Ross Colquhoun & Chiang Mai
Archibald Ross Colquhoun – Wikipedia
Rimwe remabhuku andinokoshesa muraibhurari yangu yakakura yeAsia ibhuku 'Pakati peShans ' naArchibald Ross Colquhoun. Edition yangu ndeye 1888 edition - ndinofungidzira yekutanga edition - iyo yakakungurutswa kubva pamichina yeScribner & Welford muNew York uye ine Terrien de Lacouperie's '.Iyo Cradle yeShan Race' sesumo.
Ibhuku rinonakidza munzira dzakawanda kupfuura imwe. Kwete chete nekuti ine imwe yekutanga, yakavimbika nhoroondo dzeEurope yezvino yava kuchamhembe kweThailand, asiwo nekuti inonyatsojekesa kuti maBritish, senge ese masimba makuru ekuMadokero, aive nekududzirwa kwakasiyana kwezvematongerwo enyika panguva iyoyo. Lana akabva atora chinzvimbo chepakati muBangkok. Mushure mezvose, bhuku rakanyorwa panguva iyo mambo weSiamese Chulalongkorn, kunze kweanopokana nekolonial kudzivirira reflex, asi zvakare nekuda kwenzara yevhu, zvine hurongwa akatanga kubatanidza izvo zvaaiwanzoona sevassal nyika pasi pechiratidziro chekubatana. , nechisimba kana kuti pasina.kubatanidzwa kwehurumende yemarudzi akawanda yaiva umambo hweSiam.
Akaita izvi nenzira mbiri. Kune rimwe divi, nekudzikamisa simba revatongi venzvimbo uye nekuzvitsiva nenhume dzehumambo - kazhinji vakoma kana vanun'una vake - avo, vakapihwa marudzi ese ekodzero dzakakosha nemasimba, zvishoma nezvishoma vakatora hutongi hwedunhu. Nekune rimwe divi, kuburikidza neyakazotevera huru manejimendi-zvimiro shanduko iyo yaitove yakaenzana 'kuparadzanisa & kukunda' pfungwa umo humambo uhwu hwakaderedzwa kusvika pachinzvimbo chematunhu (changwat) uye yakakamurwa kuita matunhu (amphoe) pasi pekutonga kwakananga. yeBangkok. Saka bhuku raRoss Colquhoun igwaro rakakosha remazuva ano kana renguva rinopa uchapupu kune -recent- yapfuura kuti yemazuva ano yepamutemo Thai nhoroondoography inofarira kuramba yakanyarara kana kukanganisa uye kushongedza chokwadi….
Kudhindwazve kwepakati peShan
Ross Colquhoun aive mumwe wevarume vaya pakavakirwa Humambo hweBritain. Nhasi pasina mubvunzo angave akarurama mune zvematongerwo enyika akaiswa murima semukoroni ane tsvina, asi izvo hazvishandure chokwadi chekuti akararama hupenyu hwekunetswa uye akaona ingangoita nzvimbo dzese nekona yepasi. Akazvarwa imwe nguva muna Kurume 1848 muCape Town muSouth Africa Cape Colony. Hazvina zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezvemakore ake echidiki uye inyaya yenguva.
Isu tinoziva kuti aive nemadzitateguru ekuScotland uye akadzidziswa sainjiniya. Munenge muna 1880 akatanga kufamba nenyika zvakasimba. Semuenzaniso, akatora chikamu mune dzimwe nzendo dzekuti, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, dzaifanira kuita mepu zviri nani Burma, Indochina neSouth China uye, pamusoro pezvose, kuvavhura nechinangwa chekuvandudza hukama hwekutengeserana neGreat Britain. Idzi, kazhinji nzendo dzokuzvibata, hadzina kuenda dzisingacherechedzwi. Rwendo rwake kubva kuCanton kuenda kuIrrawadi muBurma rwakamuwanira mubairo wepamusoro muna 1884. Vavambi Gold Menduru yevanoremekedzwa zvakaenzana Royal Geographical Society on. Uyu mubairo usingawanzo kupihwa chete mushure memvumo yehumambo, izvo zvaireva izvo mambokadzi Victoria angave aifarira mushanyi wechidiki uyu ane mashebvu anoyevedza. Uye ikoko kwakanga kusiri kusina kururama chose chose. Nekuti mukutanga kwa1885 Ross Colquhoun akagadzirira nzira yekutorwa kwakazara kweBritish kweBurma nekudhinda bhuku rake rine zita rakanaka '.Burma nemaBurmans kana Musika Wakanakisa Usina Kuvhurwa Munyika'. Iri bhuku raakapokana naro kuti bhureki chete pakusimudzira hupfumi hweBurma kuti ibatsire musika weIndia uye nekudaro weBritish, aive mudzvanyiriri uye asingakwanisi zvachose mambo weBurmese Thibaw.
Ichi chinyorwa chakakonzera mheremhere muLondon uye Lord Randolph Churchill (hongu, baba vaWinston), avo vaive Munyori weBritain weHurumende yeIndia panguva iyoyo, vakawana chikonzero ichi, mushure - chisina hwaro zvachose - runyerekupe pamusoro pekuedza kungangove kweFrance kutorwa uye nyaya ine mhute zvakaenzana umo imwe femu yeScotland yakapinda mudambudziko rakakomba nezviremera zveBurma zvine huori. The ambitious Churchill aingofarawo kuti agamuchire zano raRoss Colquhoun. Akaraira General Sir Harry North Dalrymple Prendergast kuti asunge Thibaw uye kupwanya chimurenga chakatevera nesimba rake rose. Iyi nyaya haina kukuvadza Ross Colquhoun, nokuti muchirimo che1887, zvichida chikamu nekuda kweunyanzvi hwake munharaunda, akagadzwa se. Mutevedzeri Commissioner, mukuru wechipiri mukuru wekoloni muBurma.
Ross Colquhoun aive, nemamwe mazwi, munyori anofanirwa kuverengerwa. Izvi zvakasimbiswa zvakare muna 1889. Mugore iroro akadzokera kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica uko, kubva muna October 1890 kusvika munaSeptember 1892, akaita wokutanga. Administrator weSouthern Rhodesia akava munhu anokosha mukutonga kwekoloni yeBritain. Mushure mekunge nguva yake yebasa yapera, dambudziko rekufamba rakamuka zvakare uye akashanyira nyika dzakawanda dzekuMabvazuva neMadokero, kubva kuDutch East Indies kusvika kuPhilippines neJapan kusvika kuSiberia, tisingarevi South America neUnited States. Rwendo rwake rwekupedzisira rwakakura rwakaitika muna 1913 paakapihwa basa ne Royal Colonial Institute yeSouth America, akaenderera mberi achiongorora kuvakwa kwePanama Canal. Paakafa musi waDecember 18, 1914, akasiya mabhuku gumi nemaviri ekufambisa - mamwe acho achiri kunakidza - uye akawanda ezvinyorwa. Mutengesi wake'China in Shanduko' vaiziva zvinyorwa zvisingasviki makumi matatu nemasere. Yekupedzisira ndeye 38.
Chirikadzi yake yakadzungaira yakaenzana Ethel Maud Cookson akaroorazve akatamira kuSouthern Rhodesia kwaakasarudzwa seNhengo yeParamende nguva pfupi yadarika Hondo Yenyika I: Mumiriri wechikadzi wekutanga weParamende muOverseas Territories yeBritish Empire…
Ross Colquhoun, sezvandambotaura, aive mumwe wevaEurope vekutanga kunyora nezveChiang Mai. Akatanga kusvika muSiam muna 1879 apo aive munyori wenhumwa dzevamiriri vehurumende dzakatumirwa nehurumende yeBritish muna 1879 kuSiam neShan nyika nechinangwa chekudzamisa nekuwedzera hukama. Mushure mezvose, maBritish aitya nezvekuwedzera kweiyo French sphere yesimba munharaunda yakakura uye vaida kudzivirira izvi zvachose. Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti Ross Colquhoun akanga asiri mumiriri panguva iyoyo, asi seinjiniya aive chikamu chekutonga kwekoloni muIndia. Tinoziva kuti akagamuchirwa muvateereri kamwechete kamwe muBangkok muna 1879 namambo weSiamese Chulalongkorn, uyo akanga achiedza kuva shamwari dzakanaka neBritish panguva iyoyo. Chulalongkorn sezviri pachena ainetsekana nekuchengetedza maBritish pahushamwari. Izvi zvaiva pachena, somuenzaniso, kubva mukuti haana kungofambisa rwendo kubva kuRoss Colquhoun kuenda kuChiang Mai nekupa nzou, zvinoyangarara uye vatakuri vemikova, asiwo, kushamiswa kwevafambi veBritish, pakarepo akavaka imba muChaing Mai. chimiro chokuvagamuchira ikoko nenzira yakakodzera. Mumba umu, maBritish akakatyamadzwa haana kuwana chete mukuru mukuru weSiamese anga agara muLondon neParis, asiwo sarudzo yakasarudzika yechikafu chemumagaba cheEurope, waini nefodya….
Archibald Ross Colquhoun
Bhuku rake'Pakati peShans ' akaburitsa muna 1885 aine chinangwa chakajeka chekusimbisa nekusimbisa zvichemo zveBritish zvekutema miti yeteki kuchamhembe kweSiam. Mushure mezvose, mafemu makuru eBritain akanga asingangofariri chete kutema miti yeBurmese teak, asiwo mune yainzi panguva iyoyo Shan states neLana. Ross Colquhoun haana kuita chakavanzika cheizvi paakanyora:Masango edu emu teak, neawo eUpper Burmah, ari kukurumidza kupera, uye vazhinji vevashandi vedu vemasango vave kushanda avo veSiam. Kana nyika ikavhurwa nenjanji, masango makuru aripo pakati pegumi nenomwe uye makumi maviri nembiri parallel of latitude (Humambo hweChiang Mai) anozowanikwa nyore uye ave akakosha sosi yekugovera. '
Indasitiri yemasango mumhando dzekunze uye kunyanya teak yaive panguva iyoyo, sezvazvino, bhizinesi remamiriyoni emadhora iro maBritish akaedza kudzora kwenguva yakareba. Sezvineiwo, zvaive mumamiriro ezvinhu aya Ross Colquhoun, uyo aive, mushure mezvose, injinjiniya, akagadzira zvirongwa zvekutanga zveThai-Burmese njanji link. Chirongwa chakakurumidza kutadza kuitika nekuda kwekuomerwa nekuoma kwenzvimbo.
Inotaura naRoss Colquhoun kugona kunyora kuti "Pakati peShans ' dzimwe nguva inoverenga zvakanyanya sebhuku rinonakidza rekufamba pane rondedzero yakaoma yezvidzidzo. Munyori pasina mubvunzo akapa vanhu venguva yake nzwisiso inonakidza pamusoro penyika inoshamisa uye inoparadzanisa yeShan states neChiang Mai. Nyika izere nenzou dzemusango, vapristi veBrahmin vasinganzwisisike, vavhimi vakuru vemhuka uye mamishinari ekuAmerica asingadzivisiki. Asi zvirokwazvo haarambi ari bofu kuchinangwa chaicho chechinangwa chake, chiri chekufungidzira kukosha kwakawedzerwa kwedunhu rino kuHumambo hweBritain.
Muchitsauko chakadai 'Kukosha kweZimé' anosimbisa, semuenzaniso, kukosha kwehupfumi uye nzvimbo yeChiang Mai. Zimmé izita rekare rechiBurmese reChiang Mai, iro raigarwa neBurma kweanopfuura mazana maviri emakore, kubva 1556 kusvika 1775 kunyatsoita. Mubhuku rake anopenda mufananidzo wakanaka kwazvo waChiang Mai, asi ndinogumira pasumo yake: 'Dhorobha reZimé, Kiang Mai, Tsching Mai, riri kumahombekombe ekurudyi erwizi rweMeping, paurefu hunosvika mazana masere emamita pamusoro pegungwa. Ndiyo nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo mubani reMeping. Pane minda pakati porwizi rwakatarira kumabvazuva neguta; iyo inonzi yakavakwa muna 1294 AD
Kune rinonzi guta remukati nekunze, rimwe nerimwe rakakomberedzwa nemasvingo. Guta remukati, rinogara sabhuku, rine rectangle, zviuru zvitanhatu zvemafiti (1800m) kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye zviuru zvina nemazana masere tsoka (1500m) kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero. Rusvingo rumwe norumwe rune gedhi pakati, kunze kwekurutivi rwezasi, apo pane maviri, akaiswa mamita mazana mashanu kubva pamakona. Magedhi anodzivirirwa ane bhesheni duku kumativi. Madziro akapoteredzwa nemugero, mamwe mafiti makumi mashanu pakufara. Kudzika kwe moat, kwekutanga mamwe mafiti gumi nemashanu, hakuna chero kupi zvako ikozvino kupfuura matanhatu kana manomwe tsoka. Masvingo ari kukurumidza kuparara kubva pakuramba achiregeredzwa, uye zvikamu zvikuru zvichaonekwa zvakadonhera pasi uye hafu yakavigwa, asi pano nepano pave nekuedza kupi nekupi kwakaitwa kugadzirisa chivakwa chiri kudonha nekukurumidza. Kunyange zvazvo pane imwe nguva, pasina mubvunzo, nzvimbo inotyisa kumauto asina kurangwa eBurmese neSiamese, yaisazopikisa pfuti dzeEurope dzemazuva ano.
Dhorobha rine dzimba dzinosvika mazana mapfumbamwe mukati menhare yemukati, asi kune dzakawanda kupfuura nhamba iyoyo muchikamu cheguta chakakomberedzwa nemadziro ekunze uye mune inogona kunzi nzvimbo dzepasi, dzakavakwa mumahombekombe eRwizi rweMeping. . '
Ross Colquhoun akakanganisa mune imwe tsananguro paakanyora kuti musimboti weguta reChiang Mai rakavakirwa pane rectangular chirongwa. Pachokwadi inenge mativi mana…. Kune mamwe ebhuku rake rinonakidza kwazvo, ndinoda kukuendesa kune akasiyana siyana edhijitari shanduro dzinogona kuwanikwa painternet. Senge link iri pazasi semuenzaniso
catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000860022
'Pakati peShans ' rakadhindwazve ka1885 kubvira payakatanga kudhindwa muna 27 uye rakapedzisira kudhindwa rakabuda muna 2013.
Chokwadi Dar yaive yakanaka chaizvo kuwana. Asi nguva pfupi mushure meBritish, maGerman anogona kutanga nekuvakwa kwenjanji SRT ikozvino. Zvichiri kusawanikwa mune imwe yeaya akawanda e2nd zvitoro zvemabhuku muChiang Mai?
Ndatenda nerubatsiro urwu.
Ini ndinonzwisisa kuti pakanga paine nzira yechitatu yekubatanidza humambo hudiki ihwohwo: vatongi muBangkok panguva iyoyo vaive nevakadzi vakawanda kupfuura zvamazuva ese munyika yedu uye kwaive nekuwanda kwemadzishe nemachinda airoorwa akapihwa mhuri dzehumambo. muLana land vaive vakasimba muNachwuchs……. Zvakanaka, wobva wawana pesvedzero uye haufanirwe kutumira uto kuti uwedzere chimwe chinhu.
Ndatenda Lung Jan. Chinonyanya kufadza. Unopedzisa nelink yezvinyorwa zvedigital zvebhuku rino. Pasinei nehurefu hwayo, ndakaverenga chinyorwa chako panguva imwe chete. Ndichapa bhuku rose. Anopfuura 400 mapeji ndeechokwadi anofarira!
Kana iri chitima ichi, izvi:
Ndakaverenga bhuku rinonzi A Thousand Miles on an Elephant Through the Shan Territories; Kutsvaga nzira yenjanji
Mushure mehondo dzeAnglo-Burmese, England yakakwanisa kuwedzera simba rayo mudunhu uye muna 1855 Mambo Mongkut naSir John Bowring, nhume yeBritain, vakasaina chibvumirano chaipa England kodzero dzekusimudzira kutengeserana. Kurutivi rwokumabvazuva, France yakanga ichiwedzera fariro dzayo mune yava kunzi Vietnam; pakanga pane makwikwi anotyisa pakati pemasimba maviri.
Humwe hurongwa hweEngland hwaive hwekuferefeta vobva vagadzira njanji inotakura zvinhu zveBritish kuenda kune yava kunzi Myanmar yozoenda kuChina. Muma1870 mukana iwoyo wakaongororwa naHolt S. Hallett, pakati pevamwe. Iyo njanji yakauya makumi emakore gare gare nekuti pakanga pasina chibvumirano chemari, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Mutsetse waizobva kuMoulmein (Myanmar) uchipfuura neTak nePhayao uchienda kuChiang Saen wozoenda kuSsumao pamuganhu weChinese. Zvisinei, bhuku racho rinomira pamuganhu weSiam wokuchamhembe neMyanmar.
Munyori anonzi Holt S. Hallet aiva injiniya wehurumende akanga atowana ruremekedzo rwake munharaunda yeTenessarim yava kunzi Myanmar. Akatumirwa kuSiam uye akaita rwendo nomunzvimbo yeShan.
Muparidzi White Lotus Co Ltd, Bangkok
Yakatanga kuburitswa 1890. Dhindazve 2000 pasi peISBN 974-8495-27-2
Ndinogona kurumbidza bhuku racho noushamwari.
Ndatenda zvakare nemipiro yakanaka iyi, Sekuru Jan. Nguva yehutongi hwemukati uye yekupedzisira kwehumambo inoramba yakakosha.
Anodiwa Lung Jan,
Ndinofunga unogara kuThailand. Kana zvakadaro, ndine mubvunzo kwauri !! Ini pachangu ndine mabhuku mazana matanhatu uye ndinoshamisika kuti unoachengeta sei muThailand. Nyika ine kupisa kukuru uye hunyoro hwepamusoro. Iwe unoita chimwe chinhu chakakosha here pane izvi ??
Mvg, Andre
Wadiwa Andre,
Mumba medu muThailand mune raibhurari inoshanda yemabhuku anoda kusvika 7.000. Chikamu chayo chiri muimba yedu yekutandarira yakakura, imwe yacho muhofisi yangu. Ose ari maviri anodzorwa tembiricha nekuda kweiyo air conditioning. Muchidimbu, izvi zvakakwana kuzvichengeta zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Pakati pemasherufu emabhuku pane - kungove padivi rakachengeteka - midziyo mishoma yegranule kurwisa hunyoro hwakawandisa. Ungashamisika kuti imvura yakawanda sei imomo mushure memazuva mashomanana ... Zvandinoda kuziva, mapikicha ekare uye zvinyorwa, mamepu, zvinyorwa zvekutanga uye mabasa ekare hazvisi pamasherufu emabhuku akajairika asi mumakabati kuseri kwegirazi. Dambudziko guru kwandiri ndere zvipembenene, zvipembenene zviduku, mbeva uyewo makonzo (tinogara pedyo neMun River) uye maitiro ekuzvichengeta kunze ....
Lung Jan, ndichaverenga bhuku kuburikidza nekubatanidza kwawakapa. Inoverengwa kwazvo. Ndakaverenga zvinyorwa zvake zvose pamusoro pevakadzi (vanooneka uye vanoshanda nesimba) uye varanda. Murume aiita 4 uye mukadzi 7 pounds. Yakanyanya huchenjeri uye yakadzama nyaya. Zvinofadza zvikuru.