Vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye kuwana kwavo kwakaoma kuwana hutano hwehutano hwevanhu
Hurumende inofanira kuzvidavirira nokuda kwokutarisira kwayo kuvarombo, vakadai sevarombo, vasina pokugara, vakaremara, vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nevapoteri. Kuti ndiratidze dambudziko rekusvika kwevashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika kune hutano hwehutano muThailand, ndakashandura chinyorwa kubva pawebsite yenhau Prachatai.
Mugwagwa unodhura wekuenda kuchipatara: Vashandi vanotama vanonetsekana kuwana hutano hwehutano hweThai
Nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvehutongi, vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanowanzotadza kuwana makadhi ekuchengetedza magariro, nekudaro kuwana hutano hweveruzhinji hweThai.
Mhuri yekwaMon ine mwana akaonekwa aine Hydrocephalus, mvura inoyerera yakatenderedza uropi iyo inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwehuropi, iri kutambura kuburikidza nehurongwa hunorema hwekuwana inishuwarenzi yehutano yeveruzhinji. Nemhaka yokuti mavhiza avo nemvumo yebasa zvakanga zvapera, vabereki vacho vakanga vasingakwanisi kuwana chengetedzo yenzanga. Mushandirapamwe wezvipo wakakundikanawo kuunganidza mari yakakwana yezvokurapa. Nhengo dzenharaunda yeMon muSurat Thani vakapa zviuru gumi baht, asi kuvhiya kwacho kunodhura zviuru zana.
Mushure mekunge Maung Mon Chan, baba vemwana vanoshanda muSurat Thani, vatumira nyaya iyi paFacebook, anopfuura gumi nemaviri masangano emuno akabata mhuri.
Vabereki ava, avo vaimbove nemagwaro ekushanda, vakazoshaya magwaro avo mushure mekudzingwa basa nemushandirwi wavo. Havana kukwanisa kuwana basa idzva munguva yekunyoresa muhutano hwemagariro evanhu. Iyi ihurongwa hunopa vashandi nevanovachengeta kuwana rubatsiro rwehutano mukukuvadzwa, kurwara, kusununguka nekuremara, pamwe nerubatsiro rwerufu.
Mutemo unoti vashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanofanira kunge vaine mapasipoti uye magwaro ekushanda kuitira kuti vawane makadhi ekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Iwo makadhi anodhura 2.100 THB yevakuru uye 365 THB yevana vari pasi pemakore manomwe. Nemhaka yokuti vashandi vapamutemo bedzi, venguva yakazara ndivo vanokwanisa, nhamba huru dzevashandi vokune dzimwe nyika dzinosiiwa dzisina kugoverwa.
“Izvi zvakajairika kupfuura zvatinofunga, kunyanya munyaya dzekurima,” vanodaro Assistant Prof Sudarat Musikawong, Professor of Sociology paInstitute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University.
Muindasitiri yezvekurima, vashandi vanoiswa muzvikamu zvenguva pfupi yemwaka kana yakazvimirira makondirakiti. Sezvo kuhaya vashandi venguva yakazara kubva kuMyanmar kuchida vhiza inodhura uye magwaro emvumo yebasa, vashandirwi vazhinji vanonzvenga. Chikonzero chehupfumi chinokanganisa kuwana kwevashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika kuwana hutano.
“Kana usina magwaro emutemo munyika muno, zviri kuipa zvakapetwa ka10. Iwe haupo, "Sudarat akawedzera.
MuBurmese anotama anoshanda (Karnwela / Shutterstock.com)
Hutano hweveruzhinji hwakaoma hunoita kuti zvinyanye kuoma
Nepo vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vachibvumidzwa kunyorera mavhiza uye mvumo yekushanda ivo pachavo, vazhinji vanosarudza kushandisa masevhisi evatengesi vanoziva maitiro akaomarara anosanganisira akawanda magwaro anofanirwa kuendeswa mune yakatarwa.
"Vakuru vakuru vazhinji vanoisa mamwe mamiriro anogona kukonzera nyonganiso uye kuomerwa kune vanonyorera," akadaro Adisorn Kerdmongkol, murongi weMigrant Working Group (MWG), NGO inotarisa kumatambudziko evashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Maung Mon Chan akabhadhara broker kuti atore pasipoti yake uye mvumo yekushanda kuti akwanise kuwana kadhi rekuchengetedza magariro. Mutengesi akamubhadharisa zviuru gumi zveThai baht, chiyero chakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wepamutemo we10.000 baht pamapepa ese ari maviri. Iye zvino akatobhadhara zviuru zvisere zvebhaht uye haasati awana kadhi reinishuwarenzi yeruzhinji, "akadaro Pago Man, makumi mana nemasere, mushandi wekuMyanmar uye shamwari yepedyo yemhuri yekwaMon.
Panewo kuvhiringika kwakawanda pamusoro pekuti ndezvipi zvipatara zvinopa kurapwa. Vashandi vanotama vanogona kurapwa chete muchipatara mavakatenga inishuwarenzi yehutano. Apo vashandi vanochinja nzvimbo dzebasa, vanofanirawo kupinda nenzira yakaoma yekushandura kero yavo yeSocial Security.
Matekisheni akavharirwa nekadhi rekuchengetedza magariro akanyorwa pawebhu peji rebazi rezvehutano. Maererano naAdisorn, “nzvimbo dzakawanda dzezvokurapa hadzipi rubatsiro rwakarongwa rwakadai sokutarisira vanaamai uye kurapwa kwezvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi.” Zvimwe zvipatara zvinorambawo kupa rubatsiro rwekurapa mukati memutengo unotsigirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, kumanikidzira vashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika kuti vabhadhare mari yavo yekurapa.
Pago Man anoyeuka kuti mwana wake akambovhiyiwa uye aida mishonga yakanga isina kuvharwa nehurongwa hwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, saka aifanira kuibhadhara kubva muhomwe. “Ini handisi kuzombowana mari iyoyo,” akadaro.
Vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanoshanda muindasitiri yekuredza. Samut Songkram, Thailand. Gumiguru 30, 2016
Kusarura uye zvipingaidzo zvemutauro
“Hapana ruzivo rwakawanda rwunowanikwa kune vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuti vangawana sei hutano hweveruzhinji. Haisati yaturikirwa mundimi dzavo. Somugumisiro, vashandi vanotama kazhinji kazhinji havana mashoko akawanda,” anodaro Adisorn. Maitiro ekunyorera yeSocial Security kadhi yakaoma. Uye zvakatonyanya kuipa kana maitiro acho achingotsanangurwa muThai.
"Kana vatapi vechipatara vasingakwanisi kutaura zvakanaka mumitauro yevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, havagone kutsanangura matanho anodiwa kuti vawane kurapwa ... zvinokonzeresa kusanzwisisana kunoisa hupenyu munjodzi," anodaro Sudarat.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vashandi vekuMyanmar vanonzwawo kusarurwa nevashandi vemuzvipatara. Vamwe vanotaura vachiudzwa kuti Social Security haibhadhare mari yekurapa yakazara. Dzimwe nguva zvipatara zvinobhadharisa mari yakawedzerwa apo murwere anenge achida mishonga yakawanda kana kuti anenge achida kuendeswa kuchipatara. Nezvipingamupinyi zvemutauro uye ruzivo rushoma, vashandi havana sarudzo kunze kwekubhadhara mari yekuwedzera ivo pachavo.
Sezvakataurwa naSudarat: “Utano hune rusaruro kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vasina kunyoreswa uyezve pane chipingamupinyi chemutauro. Sangano rehutano reThai ... harisi kuda kubhadhara mari dzekurapwa kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vasina magwaro. "
Rak Thais Foundation, masangano emasangano akazvimirira (CSOs) nemasangano asiri ehurumende (NGOs) vanogona kupa vashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vaturikiri kuti vashanyirwe kuchipatara, asi Sudarat anoti haana chokwadi chekuti zvipatara zvingani zvinoshanda nemasangano aya.
“Hurongwa uhu hunoda kuongororwa patsva kuti hugadzirise mutauro wevashandi vemuzvipatara pamwe nekuremerwa kwehupfumi nenyaya dzepabhodha pamwe nekuwanda kwevashandi vasina magwaro. Pamwe chete nevaya vari kubuda mumutemo, vanosvika mumamiriyoni,” akadaro Sudarat.
(catastrophe_OL / Shutterstock.com)
Kubatana kwepamutemo
Kunyangwe yakawedzerwa nguva ichangoburwa yeSocial Security kadhi rekunyoresa, vashandirwi vachiri kudikanwa kuendesa magwaro pachinzvimbo chevashandi vavo. Vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika havagoni kupedza basa racho vari voga.
Masangano akadai saRaks Thai neMigrant Working Group akakurudzira shanduko uye kuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu uye masisitimu ehutano hwepasirese. Vanokurudzira kuti Thailand itore zviyero zveInternational Labor Organisation (ILO). Vanokurudzira kuvhura hurongwa hwekunyoresa hutano gore rese kuti mushandi wese nemhuri yavo, vakanyorwa kana neimwe nzira, vanokodzera. Kugadzira One Stop Service Centers muThailand kwaizobatsirawo kugarisa vashandi vanotama.
Kuongorora mamwe mamiriro kunogona kubatsira kuderedza matambudziko uye kusanzwisisana nevashandi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika mukuwana hutano hwehutano. Sekureva kwaAdisorn, izvi zvinofanirwa kusanganisira hurongwa hwekuti vashandi veinishuwarenzi vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanobhadhara pamwedzi mipiro yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kweinenge mwedzi mitatu kuitira kuti vakwanise kuwana mabhenefiti.
"Manzwiro angu ndeekuti tinoda shanduko yakazara yevashandi vanotambira mari shoma kubva kunyika dziri pedyo dzeASEAN," anodaro Sudarat. Anotenda kuti kubatsira vashandi vese kuti vakwanise uye kugamuchira kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu kunogona kubatsira Thailand kubatanidza vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika muzvikamu zvese.
Hongu Tino, chidimbu chisingasiyi chinhu chinodiwa uye chinoratidza kuti kubatanidzwa, zvakakosha uye vanhu hazvisi zvakakosha kune vakawanda, asi zvechokwadi kune avo vanogona uye vanofanira kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro peizvi. Zvimwe zvinofarirwa zvinokunda, sezvazvakaita munzvimbo dzakawanda uye zvinoonekwa kune avo vakazaruka kwazviri.
Kambani yandinoshanda ine vashandi 50 vokuCambodia uye 25 vokuMyanmar pamwe chete nemamaneja akati kuti.
Vose vane kadhi reSS uye naizvozvo vanogona kuenda kuchipatara chavanoda kana chipatara ichocho chikagamuchira kadhi reSS. Mimwe mishonga haina kuvharwa neSS uye ipapo iwe unofanirwa kusarudza imwe nzira (isina kurairwa nachiremba anorapa) kana kuibhadhara iwe pachako.
Iyi ndiyo nyaya, chisungo chepamutemo, kune vese vashandirwi, asi kune chokwadi kusarudzika kweThai, vemarudzi akawanda vanoiswa pasi pegirazi rinokudza, saka hapana kutiza ivo. Uye zvakakodzera kudaro.
Asi chidimbu ichi chinotaura zvakawanda nezvevatorwa vasina magwaro, inova chimiro chausingakwanise kukwereta chisungo. Saka zvakaoma kunyunyuta.
Kunonoka kudiki;…..
Iwe unogona kutora SS iwe pachako seinishuwarenzi, chimwe chinhu chandakazviita panguva yangu yekutanga yekuzorora mu2013, kana iwe ukarasikirwa nebasa rako chero nzira. Mhuri iri kutaurwa ingadai yakaitawo izvozvo.
Zvichida haana kunyatsoziva rn / kana kusaverenga kana kuona zvinyorwa zvemitauro yakawanda (Khmer neMyanmar zvechokwadi) uye TH / EN webhusaiti.
Zvakawanda zviri kufamba zvakanaka nevashandi vanotama. Matambudziko andaigaronzwa:
1 vazhinji havagamuchire mubairo wakaderera asi vangangoita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu baht
2 kana vakasiya basa kana kudzingwa basa, izvo zvinowanzoitika kune vakadzi vane pamuviri, vanorasikirwa nechimiro chavo nezvose zvine chekuita nazvo. Ivo vanobva vanyatso kunyorwa, uye vanofanirwa kukurumidza kutsvaga nekuwana basa idzva kana kudzokera kumusha kwavo.
3 Dzidzo yevana vanoenda kumabasa inowanzovawo chinetso chikuru.
Vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanowanei newe, Martin?
Wese mutorwa zvisiri pamutemo anoshanda muTH opinda mudambudziko ane kodzero shoma. Mitemo inozivikanwa uye kana iwe uchida kutenderera pairi saka haufanirwe kunyunyuta kana isingaenderane nemitemo uye zvirokwazvo usatonga kubva padivi kuti kunewo kodzero.
Ini ndoda kutenda Martin nenyaya yake pane chero munhu akamboinzwa makore apfuura. Nguva dziri kuchinja uye kana ukaita bhizinesi rakatendeseka saka vashandi vepamutemo vanotama zvakare vane mari yeThai ine zvimwe zvinouya nazvo.
Nehurombo, mumwe wevadiki akati wandei vanowirwa neThai bureaucracy, mutemo uye izvo zvinoita sekuzvidza kune mamwe mapoka ehuwandu. Saka zvakanaka kuti vezvenhau vakaita saPrachatai vanokwevera vanhu kunyaya dzakadai. Ndiani anoziva, imwe mhepo ichavhuvhuta muBangkok…