Ko mutemo wekurwisa zvinodhaka unoshanda here?
Meso angu akawira pane ichangoburwa nhau chinhu (ThaiPBS, Gunyana 8, 2014):
'Masoja mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, mapurisa, zvinodhaka nevakuru veguta vane imbwa dzinonhuhwidza vakarwisa nzvimbo dzinogara 250 pedyo neWat Pak Nam Pasicharoen muBangkok ndokusunga 18 vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Humbavha hwepanguva imwe chete iyi hwakatanga mambakwedza semutemo weNational Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) wekutumira vakapindwa muropa kunzvimbo dzekurerutsa vobva vavadzosera munharaunda.
Vakuru vakagogodza pamagonhi edzimba dzaifungidzirwa kuti 'yavavariro' (?) uye vakavheneka zvinodhaka panzvimbo yeweti. Vanhu vanosvika makumi matanhatu nevatanhatu, kusanganisira vakadzi vatatu, vakaonekwa vaine hutachiwana. Vakavharirwa uye vakazoendeswa kunzvimbo dzekurerutsa kuti vanorapwa…'
Ndicho chikonzero chakaita kuti ndimutsidzire imwe nyaya yandakanyora gore rakapera. Kana ndichitaura nezvezvinodhaka (kupindwa muropa) ndinoreva zvinodhaka zvakaoma secocaine, opiates uye amphetamines uye kwete doro, nicotine kana cannabis, kunze kwekunge zvataurwa neimwe nzira.
Kune manyepo, manyepo chaiwo uye nhamba.
Nhamba dzakafanana nemabhikini. Vanokwezva kutarisisa kwako asi vanovanza iwo essence.
Mune media yeThai unoputirwa neyambiro dzakakomba nezvekushandisa zvinodhaka kwave kuwedzera kwemakore. Mazuva mashoma ega ega pane mufananidzo mupepanhau retafura ine masaga emamiriyoni emapiritsi. Varume nevakadzi vashoma vanogara kuseri kwetafura vakakotamisa misoro yavo uye kumashure kwavo kunomira mapurisa akati wandei anodada ayo anoti vasungwa vareurura.
Thailand iri pamucheto wegomba rakadzika-dzika, tinonzwa kubva kune nyanzvi, uye vanhu vari kudzokorora izvi. Wese Thai ane chokwadi chekuti Thailand iri kunetsekana nedenda rakakomba rezvinodhaka. Mukuru wemauto Prayuth akadaidza mamiriro akatenderedza zvinodhaka dambudziko re'kuchengetedzwa kwenyika', nguva dzose nharo yekutora matanho akaoma uye asingasaruri.
Iyo 'War on Drugs' iyo Thaksin yakatanga muna 2003 uye yakauraya vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu, nhamba isingazivikanwe yavo vasina mhosva, ichiri nyowani mupfungwa dzevanhu. Thaksin akazivisa kuti vatengesi vezvinodhaka nevashandisi vanhu vepasi avo tsitsi dzisina kufanira, maonero akatsigirwa nehuwandu hwevanhu.
Ini ndinogara ndichiwana mamiriro akadai ekunyumwira uye ndinotanga kutsvaga zvimwe nezvehukuru uye nzira yedambudziko rezvinodhaka. Pasinei nemashoko ari pamusoro apa, ndinofunga kuti nhamba dzinotaura zvinopfuura anecdotes, maparrots nedzimwe nyaya dzomusango.
Hukuru hwedambudziko rezvinodhaka muThailand
Tsvagiridzo zhinji uye maonero pamusoro pehukuru hwedambudziko rezvinodhaka muThailand zvinoenderana nenhamba zvinotendwa nekuda kwekushandisa zvinodhaka, kugadzira, kutengesa uye kuve nezvinodhaka, uye ini gare gare ndicharatidza kuti sei izvi zvakanyanya kukanganisa mumamiriro eThai. Ndakawana chidzidzo chimwe chete chakanaka chakazara pamusoro pehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pasi rose kubva kuUnited Nations kubva ku2007. Ona tafura iri pasi apa.
Tafura 1 Chikamu chevanhu vane makore 15 kusvika ku65 vakashandisa mushonga uyu vakataurwa kamwechete kana kupfuura mugore rapfuura.
| United States | Tairendi | Nederland | |
| Cannabis | 14.1 | 1.2 | 7.0 |
| cocaine | 2.2 | 0.1 | 1.2 |
| estacy | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
| amphetamine | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 |
| opiates | 0.6 | 0.1 | isina kutaurwa |
Kwakabva: World Drugs Report (UNODC) 2012
Chii chinoita? MuUnited States, 20 muzana yeboka revagari vemo rakadudzwa yakashandisa chimwe chezvinhu zvakarambidzwa pamusoro apa mugore rapfuura. MuThailand chikamu ichocho chaiva 3 muzana uye muNetherlands 10 muzana.
Kunyangwe tikafungidzira kuti pakanga pasina kutaurwa muThailand uye kuti chikamu chevapindwa muropa chaivo muThailand chakakwira kupfuura kumwe kumwe, tinogona kugumisa kuti kushandisa zvinodhaka muThailand hakuna kuipa sedzimwe nyika mbiri. Mapato anofarira pasi rese anogona kuverenga manhamba acho achipindirana pane iyi link iripazasi.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/interactive/2012/jul/02/drug-use-map-world
Kushandisa zvinodhaka pakati pevechidiki
Zvisinei, pakati pevechidiki tine mufananidzo wakasiyana, apo Thailand inonyatsomira, ina kusvika kashanu yakawanda kana ichienzaniswa neNetherlands kana iri kuuya kumishonga yakaoma. Ndokumbira utarise: matafura ari pazasi haasiyanise pakati pekushandisa zvinongoerekana zvaitika uye kupindwa muropa chaiko.
Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pakati pevechidiki muThailand, zvinodhaka zvese pamwe chete
| ever | Topical | |
| Makore 15-19 | 10 muzana | 3.5 muzana |
| Makore 20-24 | 23 muzana | 5.9 muzana |
Kwakabva: Chai Podhista et vose, Kunwa, Kusvuta uye Kushandisa Zvinodhaka pakati peThai Youth, East-West Center, 2001
Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pakati pevechidiki (12-24 makore) mumwedzi 3 yapfuura muThailand
| Cannabis | 7 muzana |
| mishonga yakaoma (amphetamine, cocaine uye opiates) | 12 muzana |
Kwakabva: ABAC Poll pakati pemamiriyoni gumi nemaviri vechidiki, 12 (Ini ndinoona iyi ABAC Poll isingavimbike nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana)
Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka pakati pevechidiki (makore gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemapfumbamwe) muNetherlands
| ever | zvazvino (mwedzi wapera) | |
| Cannabis | 17 muzana | 7 muzana |
| mishonga yakaoma (amphetamine, cocaine, opiates) | 3.5 muzana | 1.5 muzana |
Kwakabva: Ministry of Health
Kushandisa zvinodhaka uye kupindwa muropa
Haasi ese ekushandisa zvinodhaka kupindwa muropa, kana tikatsanangura kupindwa muropa sekushandisa zvinodhaka nenzira iyo inotungamira kumatambudziko munharaunda yemunhu, uye munzvimbo dzemagariro nezvemari. MuThailand, wese mushandisi anoiswa seanopindwa muropa.
Muna 2002, nguva pfupi yapfuura Thaksin's 'War on Drugs' isati yatanga, sekureva kweBazi rezvehutano, kwaive nemamiriyoni matatu vakapindwa muropa muThailand. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, fungidziro dzakabva pa3 kusvika ku1 miriyoni 'vakapindwa muropa', izvo zvinoreva kuti: vashandisi. Izvi zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva Tafura 1,5.
Zvichida pakati pe15 ne20 muzana yeivava vakapindwa muropa chaivo, pakati pe150.000 ne200.000 vanhu, 1 mu300 kusvika ku400 vanhu. MuUnited States, munhu mumwe pavanhu 1 kusvika ku100 akapindwa muropa uye muNetherlands 200 pavanhu 1 1.500. Ruzhinji rwe 'vakapindwa muropa' muThailand vanonyanya kushandisa 'nguva nenguva'.
Iyo 'Rehabilitation Centers' muThailand
Mutemo wa2002 weNarcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act unoti vanoshandisa zvinodhaka vanofanira kubatwa sevarwere kwete sematsotsi. Semitemo yakawanda yeThai, maitiro akasiyana: vanoshandisa zvinodhaka uye vakapindwa muropa vanobatwa sematsotsi (ini handisi kutaura nezvekugadzira uye kutengesa).
Kana ukabatwa uchiishandisa, unogona kusarudza kurapwa uchizvidira. Kana iwe usingaiti izvi, iwe uchagamuchira kurapwa kunosungirwa, kwakasarudzwa nenyundo inorova mudare. Orwellian.
Kune mamwe makiriniki anodhura akazvimirira ekugadzirisa zvinodhaka (senge 'The Cabin' muChiang Mai). Asi 'wakajairika' mushandisi wezvinodhaka anoenda ku'nzvimbo yekudzorera'. Muna 2008, pakanga paine nzvimbo makumi masere neina dzinosungirwa kurapwa, ngatidzidaidze misasa, ruzhinji rwaitungamirirwa nemauto (84 mauto, 31 air force uye 12 Navy).
Pakati pe100 ne400 vanhu pamusasa. Zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwehuipi hwekushungurudzwa, vanhu vanogara ikoko kwevhiki imwe ne1. Vanhu vangangosvika zviuru mazana maviri vanopfuura nemumisasa iyi gore negore uye nhamba yacho ichiri kuwedzera. Vakawanda vanopedza nguva vari mujeri vasati vaendeswa kumusasa.
Ruzhinji rwevanhu ava havasi vakapindwa muropa asi vanoshandisa nguva nenguva. Piritsi rimwe chete rakatorwa panguva isiri iyo rinogona kukuisa mumusasa wakadaro. Mumisasa iyoyo hamutomborapwi. Kune hutongi hwemauto hunofananidzwa nehazing kana nguva yekutora vanhu. 'Kurapa' uku kunosanganisira kunyanya kunyadziswa, kushanda nesimba uye kuranga muchiuto. Hapana kana chekuchengeta. Migumisiro yacho iri pachena.
Zvinodhaka uye hurongwa hwemutemo muThailand
Nei zvino kutya kwekutya nezvezvinodhaka muThailand? Ndinofunga kuti izvi zvine chekuita nenzira yakakosha iyo hurongwa hwemutemo hunobata nezvinodhaka. Rega ndiratidze pfungwa nepoint izvo zvakananga kuThailand.
1 Inowanikwawo muThailand kushandiswa kwako pachako zvezvinodhaka zvinorangwa (kunyangwe zvishoma) uye kwete kungogadzira, kutengesa uye kuva nazvo. Kana iwe ukabatwa netsvimbo kana imwe amphetamine yakasara muweti yako, unorangwa uye izvo zvakasiyana chaizvo munyika.
Semuenzaniso, tafura iri pasi apa inoratidza kuti hafu yemhosva dzose dzepamutemo dzinosanganisira yaa baa ndeye kushandiswa chete. Nemaopiates, 10 chete muzana yemhosva dzine chekuita nekushandiswa chete uye necannabis 20 muzana.
Nhamba yemhosva dzedare rezvinodhaka muna 2007
| kubudisa | trade | possess | shandisa | |
| Cannabis | 456 | 1.283 | 7.826 | 1.875 |
| yaa baa | 31 | 31.251 | 19.343 | 36.352 |
Kwakabva: ONCB (Hofisi yeNarcotics Control Board), Thailand 2007
2 Mapurisa ane masimba anoshamisa mukuferefeta zvinodhaka. Kufungira kwakadzikama hakudiwi kumira, kutsvaga, kusungwa uye kutsvaga imba. Kudyara zvinodhaka usati wasungwa hazvisi zvishoma. Kutyisidzirwa uye chisimba kuti munhu areurure zvakajairika.
3 Kutora kunyange zvidiki zvidiki zvezvinodhaka (taurai mapiritsi gumi eamphetamine kana 10 magiramu ecannabis) anogara achitariswa nechinangwa chekubata (chirango chakanyanya, dzimwe nguva chirango cherufu) uye haambofungidzirwe kungoshandisa wega (chirango chakaderera).
4 Mutongo wemhosva dzezvinodhaka wakakwirisa zvakanyanya. Inenge 60 muzana yevasungwa vose 250.000 XNUMX vari mujeri nokuda kwemhosva dzezvinodhaka.
Ndine zvirevo zviviri
1 Dambudziko rekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka muThailand harina kunyanyokomba kupfuura zvinofungidzirwa. Kushandisa apo neapo kunovhiringwa nekupindwa muropa.
2 Kusimbisa kwemutemo wekurwisa zvinodhaka hakufanirwe kuve pakurangwa uye faindi yevashandisi, asi pane zvimwe zvivakwa zvekuzvidira kurapwa kune vakapindwa muropa chaivo.
Tino Kuis
Sources:
Inomanikidzirwa Kurapa Mushonga muThailand, Richard Pearshouse, Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network, 2009.
Ndinofunga kuti uri kurasikirwa nechinhu chinonyanya kukosha! Dambudziko guru reThailand nderekuti inyika yekufambisa yekugovera kuAmerica neEurope! Uye zvakasiyana muNetherlands. Ikoko, 80% vari mujeri nokuda kwekutengesa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka! Uye ndinofunga kuti kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kwakakwirira kwazvo, asi kuti nhamba chaidzo hadzinyatsozivikanwi. Kune yakawanda yakashandiswa pakati pevechidiki, madzimai anoshanda nesimba uye vatyairi vemarori nevatyairi vemakombi, zvakare vechidiki vazhinji vanobva kuBangkok uye pakati pevadzidzi pane kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwecocaine kuita zvirinani.
MuNetherlands, vanenge 20 muzana yevasungwa vari mujeri nemhaka yekutyora mutemo weOpium Act. ona:
http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/veiligheid-recht/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2000/2000-0575-wm.htm.
Mhosva dzemidziyo uye mhosva dzechisimba dzinouya pekutanga neyechipiri, imwe neimwe inosvika makumi mana kubva muzana.
MuNetherlands mune vasungwa vangangosvika zviuru gumi nezviviri, muThailand 12.000 (250.000 muzana yemhosva dzezvinodhaka, kazhinji kacho kushandiswa kwetsaona), saka vanopeta nekana.
2800 Dutch vanhu vari mujeri kunze kwenyika, 80 muzana mhosva dzezvinodhaka.
Yako link ndeye 1999.
Uyezve, ini handikwanise kuwana zvikamu zvako kubva patafura iyo.
Ndinofungidzira 1999 kubva patafura:
mhosva dzechisimba +/- 30%
mhosva dzemidziyo +/- 27%
mutemo weopium +/- 17%
zvimwe +/- 26%
Sezvo zvirango zveKUSHANDISA zvinodhaka muThailand (kubva pazera re18) zvakanyanyisa kukwirira (2 makore kana iwe wakambosangana nemapurisa uye neimwe nzira 1 gore), kazhinji vashandisi vechidiki vanopedza nguva refu mujeri.
Vechiduku vanongova nepfungwa yokuti hapana chingamboitika kwavari.
Saka izvi zvinokonzeresa huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekushandisa zvinodhaka mujeri.
Kudai vashandisi vezvinodhaka muNetherlands vakapedzisira vapindawo mutirongo, chikamu cheNetherlands chingangove chakakwira kupfuura muThailand.
Dambudziko nenhamba nderekuti ivo zvechokwadi vari muchikamu chenhema diki, nhema huru uye nhamba.
Ini pachangu handikwanise kutarisa manhamba muThailand neUnited States. Nhamba dze10% yevagari veDutch vanoshandisa zvinodhaka hazvina maturo. Nhamba yevanoputa inogona kunge iri pedyo. Unogona kunhuwa cannabis. Huwandu hwemapoinzi ekutengesa muNetherlands hushoma. Kunyanya kana iwe uchienzanisa nekusvuta zvinhu. Hapana wandinoziva munharaunda yangu anoishandisa.
Aya marudzi ehuwandu akagadzirwa kuti aenderere mberi nezvinangwa zveboka rinozvishambadza. Zvinowanzo kanganwa kutaura kuti tsvakurudzo yakaitika sei. Nguva zhinji, vanhu vavanotaura vanokanganwa kutarisa manhamba kunyangwe chaizvo.
Hazvibviri kumisa chero rudzi rwemutemo pazviverengero zvakadaro. Mupfungwa iyoyo, munyori wechinyorwa chino akarurama. Hazvibviri kuti iye nesu tizive kuti vangani vanoshandisa zvinodhaka uye vangani vavo vanobatwa zvine hurongwa nemapurisa. Mapurisa anonyanya kuburitsa idzi mhando dzezviito kuita kuti vanhu vamire kutenga matoyi (= midziyo).
Anodiwa Mr Luteijn,
Iwe unonyepedzera kuti iwe unogona kutarisa iwe pachako nhamba dzeNetherlands, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevanhu vari munharaunda yako vanodzishandisa, uye wozokodzera manhamba se 'zvisina maturo'.
Chinhu chikuru pamusoro pehuwandu ndechekuti dzinopfuura maonero emunhu chero upi zvake uye nekudaro dzakakodzera kuumba uye kuongorora mutemo.
Nemagrafu zvinodikanwa kutsanangura chaizvo izvo zviri kuyerwa.
Kana iwe waizoita kuenzanisa pakati pezvikamu zvevasungwa vane zvinodhaka muThailand neNetherlands, iwe waizotsausa zvachose vanhu vane nhamba idzodzo, kana iwe usina kutaura kuti kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kunorangwa muThailand uye kwete muNetherlands.
Kusiyana nevakawanda venyu, ini ndinogara muNetherlands. Ndinoshingaira kupinda mumakirabhu akasiyana-siyana. Ndinogara ndakagara pachitima uye ndinoverenga pepanhau. Mune maonero angu, chirevo chokuti 10% yevanhu veDutch vanoshandisa zvinodhaka hazvina musoro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana iwe uchiendesa tram kuchiteshi, gumi muzana yeavo varipo vanofanirwa kunge vari vashandisi vezvinodhaka. Hapana chinoratidza izvozvo. Hapana wandinoziva pandiri anoshandisa zvinodhaka. Pasina mubvunzo zvine basa kuti ini handizvishandise ini. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisave nyore kwandiri kusangana nevanhu vanoshandisa.
Kutaura kwaRuud kuti kunoita mutsauko mukuru kana kubvuma kushandisa zvinodhaka kunotungamirira kumakore 25 mujeri kana kukwenya mapendekete kune migumisiro yakaipisisa pahuwandu hwevanhu vanobvuma kuva vashandisi. Izvi zvinoita kuti nhamba muNetherlands neThailand dzisaenzaniswe.
Ini pachangu ndinofunga kuti chikamu chevashandisi muNetherlands chikamu chenhamba yakataurwa muhuwandu hwakaratidzwa.
Iyo / yaive yakanaka / yakaipa tsika pasi rese kushoropodza mutemo weDutch drug. Mazuva ano, dzimwe nguva zvinogamuchirwa nekuzengurira mune dzimwe nyika kuti zvinhu hazvisi kushata muNetherlands. Pane zviratidzo kubva kuAmerica kuti vari kufunga kukopa zvikamu zveDutch policy.
Thailand ndeyechokwadi yemahara, mukuwedzera kune kugadzirwa uye kutengeserana, kurwisa kwete kupindwa muropa chete, asi zvakare kushandisa kuburikidza nekurangwa uye faindi. Muchiitiko ichocho, 'kuvhiringa' kushandiswa nekupindwa muropa hakutungamiriri kune zvisingadiwe mhedzisiro.
Tichifunga kuti nhamba dzacho dzakarurama, uye kuti dambudziko rekupindwa muropa harina kusimba kupfuura zvinofungidzirwa, uye kushandiswa kwacho kwakaderera pane kuUS neNetherlands, mhedziso chete inogona kutorwa ndeyekuti ikozvino anti-drug policy ndeye. zviri kushanda zvakanaka..
Icho chokwadi chekuti, pamusoro pechirango uye faindi yevashandisi, panofanirwa kuve nekuwanda kwezvivakwa zvekuzvidira kurapwa kwevakapindwa muropa chaivo ingave sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika yandinofunga kuti Thailand haisati yagadzirira.
Chinhu ndechekuti, Thailand haiteveri mitemo yayo. Ona pamusoro apa, the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act of 2002, iyo inotaura kuti vakapindwa muropa nevashandisi vanofanira kubatwa sevarwere kwete sematsotsi.
Hazvigoneke kuona kuti dambudziko rezvinodhaka rakaipa sei muThailand. Yakakura, asi haina kukura sezvinowanzotaurwa uye zvechokwadi kwete pasi peUS kana Netherlands, asi kwete yakakura zvikuru.
Uye kana, sezvaunotaura, mutemo wekurwisa zvinodhaka uchiita seuri kushanda zvakanaka, unotsanangura sei vasungwa vakawanda nevakawanda vanofanira kupfuura nemusasa?
Ndiri kuda kuziva kuti murume wechiDutch van Laarhoven ane makore makumi mashanu nematatu okuberekwa sei.
Multi-millionaire anotengesa muzvinodhaka uye nekubira mari.
Kutanga kutongwa muThailand ndokuzodzoserwa kuNetherlands mushure mekupinda
kubvutwa kwezvinhu zvinokosha mamiriyoni makumi mashanu baht.
kwaziso,
Louis
Handifunge kuti zvine hungwaru (uye izvi zviri pachena kubva pamatafura aTino) kutaura nezvedambudziko rezvinodhaka muThailand. Kune marudzi akasiyana emishonga uye dambudziko rekushandisa, kupindwa muropa uye kutengeserana / kutakura hakuna kufanana. Kana ndichifanira kutenda matafura, semuenzaniso, dambudziko reamphetamine muThailand rakakura zvakapetwa kupfuura muNetherlands.
Pamusoro pezvo, hapana dhata rakavimbika (nekuti zvine chekuita nemutemo kana zvisiri pamutemo zvisiri pamutemo, kunyanya kana kuenzanisa kuchiitwa nedzimwe nyika) uye yakawanda yedata yatinopihwa naTino. Haisi chaiyo mamiriro akanakira kuita mhedziso. Hurukuro pamusoro pezvirevo zviviri zvaTino inogonawo kuderera kuva mhinduro yokuti hongu-kwete. Munyori haakwanisi kuita chero chinhu pamusoro pazvo.
Kuti utonge kushanda kwemutemo wekurwisa zvinodhaka, iwe unofanirwa kutanga waziva kuti nei akasiyana Thais achishandisa marudzi akasiyana emishonga. Panogona kunge paine musiyano mukuru muzvikonzero nei vanhu vachishandisa (kana kutengesa mukati, kana kutakura) cocaine kana amphetamine. Kubatanidza zvese pamwe chete kusafuratira misiyano uye ruzivo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvirango. Uye iwe unofanirwa kuita tsvakiridzo kuti uongorore iyo polisi mumutsara wenguva uchishandisa shanduko mugwara rekuchuchisa semabhenji.
Sekuona kwangu, hazvina kufanirawo kutaura zvakaipa pamusoro pezvirango zvekushandisa kana kutengesa zvinodhaka munyika ino. Thailand inyika yakazvimiririra uye inosarudza, zvichibva pakuona kwayo uye hunhu uye zviyero, izvo zvine basa yainoda kupa mhosva uye kusvika papi. Mutorwa wese wekunze anoyambirwa pamusoro pezvirango zvekushandisa zvinodhaka munyika ino uye ibasa remunhu wese kuita zvinoenderana nazvo. Taizonzwa sei kana mutorwa weThai anogara muNetherlands - mushure mekubhadhariswa faindi yekutyaira makiromita makumi mashanu zvakanyanya mumugwagwa mukuru - akanyora kuti zvichienzaniswa nezvirango zvekushandisa zvinodhaka, faindi dzekutyora kwemigwagwa muNetherlands dzakanyanya?
Chokwadi hazvingavi nedambudziko nekunyora kweThai expat kuti kutyorwa kwemigwagwa muNetherlands kwakashata kana zvichienzaniswa nechirango chekushandisa zvinodhaka, sekunge expat ine maonero pamusoro pechirango muThailand maererano nemutemo wezvinodhaka kana chero imwe nyaya.
Kune nyika dzinodimburwa ruoko nokuda kwehumbavha hudiki, kune nyika dzine vakadzi vanenge vabatwa chibharo vanongowanikwa vaine mhosva, zvekuti varume vanopara mhosva vanoenda vakasununguka, vabvakure kana chero chipi zvacho havatenderwi kuva nepfungwa. pamusoro pazvo nokuti nyika yakasununguka saka inokwanisa kusarudza, zvichibva pamaonero ayo, tsika nehunhu hwayo, zvine basa rainoda kupara mhosva uye kusvika papi? 🙁
Ini ndinobvuma kuti mutorwa wese anonyeverwa zvakakwana nezvechirango muThailand uye saka anofanira kuita nekuchenjera, kuchine vatorwa vasina huchenjeri uye nekuziva vanotora njodzi yekugara mukamuri ine vanhu vanosvika makumi matatu kwemakore anotevera. uriri husina chinhu pasina zvivako zvinokosha, munhu anogona kuva benzi sei!