Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung: canjin ban sha'awa na gidan ibada na 'mance' na addinin Buddha na gida zuwa alamar ƙasa ta 'al'adun Thai Khmer'

Ina zaune a lardin Buriram kuma Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung shine, don magana, a bayan gida na. Don haka ina godiya da amfani da wannan kusancin don sanin wannan rukunin yanar gizon sosai, godiya ga yawan ziyarta. Ina so in ɗauki ɗan lokaci don yin tunani a kan wannan haikalin, wanda shine ɗayan mafi ban sha'awa a Thailand ta hanyoyi fiye da ɗaya.

Ba wai kawai saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun misalan wannan ba Tsarin gine-gine na Khmer amma kuma saboda da kyau ya nuna yadda Thais ke hulɗa da al'adun gargajiya da kuma yadda suke amfani da wannan gadon a cikin neman sanin asalin ƙasa. Kokarin da neman gaskiya da tarihi sau da yawa ya zama dole don samar da hanya don daidaita siyasa da hangen nesa na al'adu-tarihi wanda ke yarda da kafafan iko.

Lokacin da kuka ziyarci wannan haikalin, ba za ku iya rasa shi ba: Yana tsaye da ban mamaki a gefen kudu na koli na Rung na Khao Phanom, wani dutse mai aman wuta da ba a taɓa gani ba, kuma yana mamaye filin da ke kewaye da shi ta hanya mai ban mamaki kuma hakan na iya zama da kyau. niyyar magina. An gina wannan katafaren gidauniya a matakai daban-daban tsakanin karni na goma zuwa goma sha uku daga na baya da dutsen yashi wadanda suka zama ruwan dare a wannan yanki. Asalin haikalin Hindu ne na Brahmanist, wanda aka keɓe ga gunkin Shiva kuma yana wakiltar mazauninsa na tatsuniya, Dutsen Kailash a cikin Himalayas wanda, kamar yadda muka sani, shine tushen kogin Indus mai tsarki. Hanyar tafiya da aka yi layi da furannin lotus masu salo waɗanda ke kaiwa zuwa tsakiyar haikalin don haka yana wakiltar tafiya ta ruhaniya da kowane mahajjaci ke yi daga ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar duniyar Hindu. Cosmos, wanda ke alama da sifar flask Prang a tsakiyar haikalin.

A zamanin Angkor, wannan waje na daular Khmer mai iko a baya ita ce babbar cibiyar babban wurin koyar da addini. Wurin hutawa akan hanyar mulkin da ta haɗa Angkor tare da haikalin Prasat Hin Phimai, wanda aka fadada tare da haikali (prasat), asibitoci (arokayasala), gidajen kwana (dabbarmasala) da manyan kwanukan ruwa (barai).

Bayan faduwar Angkor, ba kamar sauran gine-ginen Khmer da yawa ba, wannan rukunin yanar gizon ba a yi watsi da shi gaba ɗaya ba, don haka bai faɗuwa gaba ɗaya ga ruɗanin yanayi ba. Masana ilimin halin dan Adam da masana al'adu yanzu sun ɗauka cewa duka mutanen gida na asali, galibi sun fito ne daga Khmer da Kui, da Lao da Thai waɗanda daga baya suka zauna a yankin, sun ci gaba da ɗaukar wannan wuri a matsayin wata muhimmiyar cibiyar addini inda, bayan haɗakar da addinin Buddah na Theravada. a fili kuma yana da ɗaki ga ƙaƙƙarfan tashin hankali na cikin gida da ƙungiyar kakanni. Za a iya gano alamun wannan girmamawa na gida zuwa ga babban maidowa da sabunta wannan rukunin tun daga shekarun XNUMX. Misali, mahajjata daga lardunan Buriram da Surin, duk shekara a cikin jerin gwano a watan Afrilu, suna zuwa haikalin da ƙafa. phrapheni duean ha sip kham, bukin addini inda jama'a suka yi addu'ar samun ruwan sama da kariya daga barayi da sauran abubuwa marasa dadi. Ya tabbata cewa shekaru aru-aru a kusa da Phanom Rung, fatalwowi (chao prasat) an karrama su a bishiyar Bodhi. Ba zato ba tsammani, haikalin Muang Tam da ke gindin Phanom Rung shi ma ya shiga cikin wadannan bukukuwan. Bayan haka, jama'ar yankin sun yi imani da cewa ruhun mai kulawa (pho pu of ta pu) na Phanom Rung, anan ya rayu…

A cikin rabin ƙarshe na karni na sha tara, Siam yana neman ainihin kansa. Har yanzu jihar tana ci gaba da fadadawa, amma kasancewarta na fuskantar barazana sakamakon muradun mulkin mallaka na kasashen yamma. Aiwatar da ma'anar ainihi ya taimaka wajen tada tunanin zama na ƙasa da kuma girman kai a cikin ƙasa mai yawan kabilu da Siam ta kasance. Bayan haka, ƙasar ta kasance wani yanki ne na ƙungiyoyin siyasa da gudanarwa na yanki (magana) waɗanda aka haɗa tare a cikin ma'auni mai mahimmanci ta hanyar ƙawance kuma sun zo ne kawai da wahala a ƙarƙashin wata hukuma ta tsakiya.

Ɗaya daga cikin mashahuran Siamese na farko don gane cewa tarihi shine abin da ke tabbatar da kwarewa a cikin kwarewa shine Prince Damrong Ratchanuphap (1862-1943). Wannan ɗan'uwan Sarki Chulalongkorn ba wai kawai ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gyara da zamanantar da tsarin ilimin Siamese, kiwon lafiya da gudanarwa ba, har ma ya kasance 'selfmade masanin tarihi'idan haka'Baban Tarihin Tarihi' ya yi tasiri sosai a kan ci gaban wayewar ƙasa da kuma yadda tarihin Siamese/Thai ya kasance da kuma ana ba da labari. A cikin rubuce-rubucensa ya yi nasarar maye gurbin labaran tarihi da al'adu na zamanin da, waɗanda a haƙiƙanin gaskiya ne amma ba su da inganci na tarihi da tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi na duniya da na addini, tare da tarihin tarihi. Tarihi, wanda shi kuma ya taimaka wajen halasta zamanantar da daular Chakri a wancan lokacin kuma daga baya zai zama daya daga cikin ginshikan akidar kishin kasa ta Thai da kuma da kyar ake iya bayyanawa'.Thainess'jin cewa har yanzu yana ci gaba a wasu sassa na al'ummar Thai har zuwa yau.

Yarima Damrong ya ziyarci katafaren ginin ne a shekarar 1929 a lokacin da ya yi tafiya ta hanyar Isaan, inda shi tare da rakiyar wasu ’yan kididdigar kayan tarihi da masana tarihi suka yi kokarin tsara taswirar daular Khmer. Lokaci ne da musamman Faransawa a gabashin iyakar Siam, kusa da Angkor, sun yi ƙoƙarin yin daidai da manyan ayyukan archaeological kuma Damrong ba ya so a bar shi a baya. Ya so ya tabbatar da nasa balaguron cewa Siam, kamar sauran al'ummomi masu wayewa, zai iya magance al'adunsa ta hanyar ingantaccen ilimi. Masanin tarihin Byrne ya bayyana balaguron binciken kayan tarihi na Damrongs a cikin 2009 da cewa "hanyoyin tattara kayan gida don gina tarihin ƙasa' kuma ya kasance, a ra'ayi na tawali'u, daidai ne. Damrong ya fahimci kamar wasu 'yan tsiraru cewa gado da abubuwan tarihi na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa tunanin jama'ar kasar Siamese a hankali. Ya ɗauki Phanom Rung wani wuri na musamman, tarihin rayuwar al'ummar ya koma dutse. Abin da ya sa Damrong ba wai kawai ya fara fara kiyayewa da kuma - a nan gaba - maido da wannan rukunin yanar gizon ba, har ma ya ba da shawarar inganta Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung daga wani wurin ibada na gida zuwa wani abin tunawa na kasa. Hakanan akwai wani ɓangaren ɓoyayyiyar ƙasa don haɓaka wannan rukunin haikalin saboda Damrong shima yayi ƙoƙarin nuna cewa zamanin Khmer mai ɗaukaka - wanda galibin Cambodia ke da'awar - kamar dai wani yanki ne na tarihin Siamese.

Layin tunani mai rikitarwa, a faɗi kaɗan, kuma tabbas a cikin Cambodia, wanda aka ƙi a cikin Pnomh Pen a matsayin yunƙuri mara kyau na sake fasalin tarihi. Rikici kan haikalin Prasat Preah Vihear na kusa ya nuna har yau yadda wannan lamarin yake da hankali. Lokacin da Kotun Duniya ta yanke hukunci kan Cambodia game da shari'ar Prasat Preah Vihear a shekara ta 1962, ra'ayin jama'a a Tailandia ya mayar da martani da firgita da rashin imani da kuma zanga-zangar gama gari. Sai dai shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin watan Janairun 1963, wani bangare na matsin lamba na kasa da kasa, Thailand ta janye sojojinta daga wannan ginin haikalin, amma shekaru da dama da suka biyo baya kuma har yanzu wannan rikici ya ci gaba da ruruwa, tare da mummunan yanayin da ya barke shi ne rikicin iyakar da ya barke. 2011 kuma ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da dama da kuma jikkata.

Amma koma zuwa Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung. A cikin 1935, shekaru shida bayan ziyarar Damrongs, an rufe ginin haikalin da wata doka da aka zartar a cikin Jaridar Gwamnati  (no. 52- babi na 75) an buga, an kiyaye shi azaman abin tunawa na ƙasa. Amma duk da haka zai ɗauki kusan shekaru talatin kafin a yi aiki mai tsanani kan maidowa da haɗa kai cikin shirin da aka tsara. Park Tarihi. Bayan nazarin shirye-shiryen da ake buƙata da kuma aiki a cikin shekarun 1971, lokacin da gwamnatin Thai za ta iya dogara da ƙwarewar BP Groslier da P. Pichard, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun UNESCO na Faransa, ainihin maidowa ya fara a XNUMX. An kuma magance Phimai a lokaci guda. A matsayina na tsohon ma'aikacin gado, kawai zan iya godiya cewa a cikin Phanom Rung, sabanin Phimai, an zaɓi maidowa 'mai laushi', wanda kawai ya inganta sahihancin.

Abin lura ne cewa an buga yawancin binciken ilimin archaeological a cikin lokacin Maidowa wanda malaman Thai irin su Manit Wailliphodom (1961), MC Subhadradis Diskul (1973) da Gimbiya Maha Chakri Sirindhorn (1978), suna yin ƙarin bayani a baya, galibi Faransanci. Nazarin Khmer , ya ba da fassarar ƙwaƙƙwaran kishin ƙasa na abubuwan da aka gano na archaeological a wannan rukunin yanar gizon wanda ya tabbatar da ginin haikalin a cikin kundin tarihin ƙasar Thailand. Sake buɗe wurin a cikin 1988 ya kasance tare da wani taron wanda aka hura zuwa madaidaicin ƙasa, wato dawowar babban dutsen Phra Narai tun daga farkon shekarun XNUMX. Temple an sace shi kuma daga baya an gano shi a asirce Cibiyar Fasaha ya faru a Chicago. Ra'ayin jama'a na Thai ya bukaci a dawo da ma fitaccen mawakin dutse a Isaan carabao an kira shi don kwato wannan yanki mai daraja. Ana iya ganin wannan kamfen a matsayin juyi. Yawancin sassa na al'ummar Thai sun fahimci mahimmancin Phanom Rung da kuma wuri na musamman da al'adun Khmer suka mamaye cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙasa.

Bayan sake budewa Park Park a shekarar 1988 an mayar da aikin hajjin shekara-shekara zuwa abin kallo na al'adu. Nunin na kwanaki uku wanda ya karye a fili tare da halayen addini na gida kuma an fi son jan hankali da ban sha'awa masu yawon bude ido. Ba don komai ba ne gwamnatin lardin da ofishin masu yawon bude ido na Buriram ke tallata wannan sosai, wadanda suka yi kokarin shawo kan maziyartan cewa wannan wasan kwaikwayo na kitschy ya koma al'adar shekara dubu. Prasat Hin Khao Phanom Rung a yau ya zama misali na abin da masanin tarihi kuma masanin Thailand Maurizio Peleggi 'Siyasar rugujewa da kasuwancin nostaljiya' kira. Kuma ni gaskiya ban sani ba ko zan yi farin ciki da hakan...